Amine–functionalized kenaf as carbon dioxide adsorbent in pressure swing adsorption system

Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) that belongs to the family of Malvaceae is abundantly grown in Malaysia since 2006 to replace tobacco plantation as it is inexpensive, easy to grow, and biodegradable. The use of kenaf as adsorbent is seen as an attractive and innovative method, and it has been used for various adsorptions. Adsorption is a promising technology that has the ability to capture carbon dioxide (CO2), the predominant contributor of global climate change. Inspired by the established and well–known amine–based absorption process of carbon capture and storage technology, the development towards new adsorbent by introducing amine functional group has been studied. Therefore, this study explores the potential of modified kenaf as adsorbent by incorporating amine functional group on the surface and investigates the CO2 adsorptive characteristics of amine–modified kenaf adsorbent using pressure swing adsorption system (PSA). The preparation of amine–modified kenaf was conducted via the incipient wetness impregnation technique. The physical and structural characteristics of amine–modified kenaf were determined via micromeritics 3 flex, field emission scanning electrons microscopy, energy dispersive x–ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the types of amine, amine loading concentration, and impregnation time affect the physical and structural properties of kenaf and thus affecting the capability for capturing CO2. Screening of various types of amines via PSA revealed that tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) has recorded the highest CO2 adsorption (0.914 mmol/g). Further examination on amine loading divulged that kenaf to TEPA ratio of 1:2 presents the highest CO2 adsorption (2.086 mmol/g) with 5 hour impregnation time. To examine the utilization of amine–modified kenaf adsorbent in PSA system, pressure bed, adsorption time, and feed flowing rate were evaluated. The result revealed that these parameters affect the gas adsorption of amine–modified kenaf adsorbent. The regeneration study had shown that kenaf adsorbent could sustain the repeated adsorption/desorption cyclic operations. This study also found that physical and chemical adsorption occurred during the adsorption of CO2 on raw kenaf and amine–modified kenaf. Thus, amine–modified kenaf adsorbent has high potential to be used as low–cost CO2 agro–based adsorbent hence inducing towards innovative material in the field of gas adsorption

Development of Spread sheet Based Simulation Model for Failure Prediction of Repairable System

A repairable system is usually defined as a system that able to return to its function after each failure. Optimal maintenance strategies necessitate the estimation of the reliability of complex repairable systems accurately and numerous models and methods have been developed for system reliability prediction. Thus, this project shall come out with an Excel spread sheet that used Monte Carlo method of using random number to solve for the number of failure and time to failure of a repairable system. Where, the developed spread sheet shall only focuses on the four types of main distributions which are Normal distribution, Lognormal distribution, Weibull distribution, and exponential distribution. Besides that, the developed spread sheet is developed with aim of improving the accuracy and applicability prediction of repairable system, the Monte Carlo solution developed shall later be compared with the evaluation made by the existing reliability software

Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Homoseksual dalam kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Agama

Fenomena homoseksual telah mewujudkan diskriminasi, prejudis dan sikap yang negatif dalam kalangan masyarakat. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara pengetahuan homoseksual dengan sikap terhadap homoseksual dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah agama di daerah Kulim. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kuantitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal selidik dan diedarkan kepada 136 orang pelajar tingkatan empat, lima dan enam daripada dua buah sekolah menengah agama. Soal selidik dalam kajian ini menggunakan dua jenis instrumen iaitu The Sex Education and Knowledge about Homosexuality (SEKHQ) dan The Attitudes Towards Homosexuals Questionnaire (AHQ). Kemudian, data kajian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensi yang melibatkan ujian-t, ujian ANOVA dan Korelasi Pearson dengan menggunakan perisian Statistial Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 20. Hasil dapatan mendapati tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan (p > 0.05) di dalam pengetahuan homoseksual dan sikap terhadap homoseksual berdasarkan jantina dan umur pelajar. Selain itu, kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pengetahuan homoseksual (r = 0.034, p > 0.05) tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan sikap terhadap homoseksual dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah agama. Secara kesimpulan, pengetahuan pelajar tentang homoseksual tidak mempengaruhi sikap pelajar sekolah agama terhadap homoseksual. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa semakin tinggi pengetahuan tentang homoseksual, maka ia akan menghasilkan sikap yang negatif terhadap homoseksual. Pengetahuan yang tinggi mengenai homoseksual tetap tidak membuatkan pelajar terbuka dalam menerima fenomena ini sebagai gaya hidup

Sequestering atmospheric CO₂ inorganically:a solution for Malaysia's CO₂ emission

Malaysia is anticipating an increase of 68.86% in CO2 emission in 2020, compared with the 2000 baseline, reaching 285.73 million tonnes. A major contributor to Malaysia's CO2 emissions is coal-fired electricity power plants, responsible for 43.4% of the overall emissions. Malaysia's forest soil offers organic sequestration of 15 tonnes of CO2 ha(-1) year(-1). Unlike organic CO2 sequestration in soil, inorganic sequestration of CO2 through mineral carbonation, once formed, is considered as a permanent sink. Inorganic CO2 sequestration in Malaysia has not been extensively studied, and the country's potential for using the technique for atmospheric CO2 removal is undefined. In addition, Malaysia produces a significant amount of solid waste annually and, of that, demolition concrete waste, basalt quarry fine, and fly and bottom ashes are calcium-rich materials suitable for inorganic CO2 sequestration. This project introduces a potential solution for sequestering atmospheric CO2 inorganically for Malaysia. If lands associated to future developments in Malaysia are designed for inorganic CO2 sequestration using demolition concrete waste, basalt quarry fine, and fly and bottom ashes, 597,465 tonnes of CO2 can be captured annually adding a potential annual economic benefit of (sic)4,700,000.</p

Gold extraction via cyanide leaching using alkaline-based empty fruit bunch activated carbon

This research is carried out to extend the knowledge on the modernized method of modifying the physical and structural properties of empty fruit bunches (EFB), a low-cost, highly accessible and abundant agricultural waste in Malaysia, for gold adsorption process. To complete this aim, EFB was modified by using an alkaline-based chemical to improve the surface area, porosity volume and surface chemistry of sorbents. The structure of the empty fruit bunch is characterized by using characterization techniques such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The gold solution was prepared by mixing gold with a sodium cyanide solution to undergo a leaching process for 24 hours. The solution was then used for the adsorption experiment. The performance of the alkaline-based EFB-AC to separate gold from the cyanide leaching solution was further studied on the effect of contact time, pH and agitation rate. The gold adsorption capacity achieved by the alkaline-based EFB-AC was measured by calculating the difference between the initial and final gold concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The maximum gold adsorption capacity findings of contact time, pH, and agitation rate were found to be 2.5 hours, pH of 10 and 60 rpm, respectively. This study reveals that the alkaline-based EFB-AC has the potential to extract gold as an alternative activated carbon in the gold adsorption process

Effect of temperature on calorific value of pyrolyzed empty fruit bunch (EFB) derived biochar

The residues from the oil palm industry are the main contributors to biomass waste in Malaysia, and these wastes require extra attention with respect to handling. A survey of the literature indicates that most of them are handled with unsatisfactory practices that negatively impact the environment. Therefore, it is very important that they be utilized for more beneficial purposes, particularly in the context of the development of biofuels via pyrolysis technology. Due to its high carbon content, rich in lignin and low cost, empty fruit bunch (EFB) shows potential to be a good precursor for the production of biochar. The pyrolysis temperature greatly affects biochar properties and its potential usage. Many researches work on biochar have been carried out to assess its potential by investigating its characteristics. The most common thermochemical technique to produce biochar is pyrolysis, during which the organic components are decomposed at adjustable temperature in a nitrogen-limited atmosphere. The focus of this study is to identify the effect of temperature (300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 °C) on calorific value of pyrolyzed EFB derived biochar. Eight experimental runs were conducted. The results were completely analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The model was statistically significant. The factor studied which temperature was significant with p-values < 0.0001. The value of R2 was 0.9633 which indicated that the temperature showed high correlation to the calorific value of biochar from EFB pyrolysis process. A quadratic model equation was developed and employed to predict the highest theoretical calorific value. The maximum biochar calorific value was achieved at pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Char yield was obtained highest at 300°C around 53.36 wt% and started to decrease as temperature increase. Result of this experiment revealed that the calorific value of biochar increases as the temperature increases while the yield percentage of biochar decreases as the temperature increases. The yield of biochar decreases with temperature because of the secondary tar reactions of the volatiles, such as thermal cracking, that favors the increase of gas yield

A comparative study on zerumbone concentration, radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of zingiber zerumbet extracted via green and conventional extraction

Extraction is crucial for herbal extraction to ensure high quality of bioactive compounds from natural herbs. In the current work, Zingiber Zerumbet was extracted via subcritical water extraction (SWE) and is compared with the conventional solvent extraction, Soxhlet. The quality of the extract was investigated in terms of zerumbone concentration, r adical scavenging activity (RSA) and total phenolic content (TPC). For zerumbone concentration, extraction via SWE gave 19.82 ±0.004 mg/g as compared with Soxhlet; 28.51±0.079 mg/g. However, the extraction time required for SWE to yield such concentration only required 40 minutes instead of Soxhlet which took 480 minutes. The same trend was recorded for RSA, which yielded 60.70±0.070% inhibition for SWE and 68.81±0.024% inhibition from Soxhlet extraction. In contrast to TPC, SWE recorded a higher response than Soxhlet extraction, which was 19.19±0.003 mgGAE/g DW, while Soxhlet; 8.30±0.019 mgGAE/g DW. Therefore, the SWE method is more favorable for obtaining a higher value of TPC, slightly good in antioxidant properties but lower zerumbone concentration value than organic solvent extraction. However, the reduced extraction time was almost 12 times quicker for SWE when compared with Soxhlet extraction. Overall, SWE is a promising alternative environmentally friendly since it only uses water as solvent and is co mparable to the conventional method

ENSIKLOPEDIA Nabi Muhammad SAW 10 Jilid

Ensiklopedia ini di perkaya dengan ribuan ilustrasi yang membantu pembaca untuk lebih memahami ajaran Rasulullah, terutama bagi para pembaca muda,Jilid 1 Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai utusan Allah. Jilid 2: Nabi Muhammad sebagai keturunan bangsa Arab. Jilid 3: Nabi Muhammad Sebagai di antara para sahabat. Jilid 4: Nabi Muhammad di antara para shabiyah. Jilid 5: Nabi Muhammad dalam ragam gaya hidup 1 Jilid 6 : Nabi Muhamad SaW dalam ragam gaya hidup 2 Jilid 7 : Nabi Muhammad sebagai pendidik. Jilid 8 : Nabi Muhammad Sebagai Wirausahawan. Jilid 9 : Nabi Muhammad Sebagai Pemimpin. Jilid 10: Nabi Muhammad Dianugrahi Mukjizat.290 hlm

Financial development and poverty reduction / Nur Nabilah Mohd Zaini

Financial development and poverty reduction is a continuous topic that will be discuss from past two decades until now. Recent studies were showed that financial development able to reduce the poverty. Unfortunately, it depends on the indicator that will use as represent the financial development. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial development and poverty reduction in Malaysia. This study will look whether financial development will affect the poverty reduction and vice versa. The dependent variable in this study is poverty reduction that will measure by life expectancy. Then, for the independent variable that represents financial development are stock market valuation, private credit, trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper implement by using a time series data which is from 2004 to 2016. The methodology use is multiple regression models represented by ordinary least square (OLS). The result indicates that financial development alleviates poverty by trade openness which one of benefit is offering a job. It can reduce the unemployment rate and the main point, is able to reduce the poverty rate. While other variables show a negative significant effect towards poverty reduction. From this research, it will help our countries and the world institution like United Nation (UN) hope targeting to alleviate poverty and also can be the role model to other Asian countries

Ensiklopedia Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai pendidik

xx, 284 hlm. : ilus. ; 29 cm