The response of remittances inflows to asymmetric oil price shocks in Egypt

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the dynamic relationship between remittances inflows of Egyptians working abroad and asymmetric oil price shocks. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to explain the impulse response functions (IRFs) and the forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD). The rationale behind using these tools is its ability to examine the dynamic effects of our variables of interest. Findings The impulse response functions confirmed that remittance inflows have various responses to asymmetric oil price shocks. For instance, inflowing remittances increase in response to positive oil price shocks, while it decreases in response to negative oil price shocks. Also, the results indicate that the responses are significant in the short and medium-run and insignificant in the long run. The magnitude of these responses reaches its peak or trough in the third year. Further, the variance decomposition reveals that oil price decreases are more influential than oil price increases. Originality/value This means that remittances inflows in Egypt are pro-cyclical with oil price shocks. That explained by the fact that more than one-half of those remittances sent from GCC countries where real economic growth is very pro-cyclical with the oil prices. This empirical assessment will help policymakers to determine the behaviour of remittances and highlights the impact of different kinds of oil prices shocks on remittances. Unlike the little existing literature, this study is the first study applied the VAR model using a novel dataset spanning 1960-2016

Impulse Response with Correlation Study of a Broadband Bended Wearable Monopole Antenna

In this paper, the impulse response of a wide band flexible circular monopole antenna is presented. The antenna is fabricated on liquid crystalline polymer flexible substrate with a compact geometry that makes it suitable for wearable applications under different bending conditions. The antenna is fed by coplanar waveguide transmission line and has a compact total size of 40 × 22 mm2. The presented antenna has a good performance over the operating frequency range for straight and bent configurations. The design principals, simulation and experimental results are presented in this work

The Impact of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol Model on Student Teachers’ Teaching Skills and Self-efficacy

The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sheltered instruction observation protocol on student teachers’ teaching skills and self-efficacy. Questions formulated to achieve the purpose of the study focused on. (1) Determining the teaching skills necessary for the EFL student teachers. (2) Finding out differences in both EFL student teachers’ teaching performance observation checklist experimental and control group. (3) Finding out differences in both EFL student teachers’ self-efficacy scale of experimental and control group. Twenty two EFL student teachers constituted the sample for this study and two instruments-designed by the researchers- were used for data collection. Results indicated that students of experimental group outperformed their counterparts of control group in EFL teaching performance. The effect of sheltered instruction observation protocol model on student teachers teaching skills and self-efficacy was profound and significant. Sheltered instruction observation protocol model was very motivating for student teachers and gave them opportunities to make decisions and be creative

Generalized ψ

The aim of this work is to introduce ψ-operations on fuzzy topological spaces and to use them to study fuzzy generalized ψρ-closed sets and fuzzy generalized ψρ-open sets. Also, we introduce some characterizations and properties for these concepts. Finally we show that certain results of several publications on the concepts of weakness and strength of fuzzy generalized closed sets are considered as corollaries of the results of this research

Mathematical analysis of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection model with saturated incidence rate

Direct contact with specific contaminated body fluids is how both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are transmitted from one person to another. Therefore, the two viruses can co-infect same person. In the literature all the HIV/HTLV-I co-infection models assume that the infection rate is given by bilinear incidence. However, for high concentration of pathogens, the bilinear incidence is not suitable. Therefore, this study will focus on the dynamical behavior of an HIV/HTLV-I co-infection model with saturated incidence. The model includes the effect of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) immune response. Through the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, we demonstrated that our proposed model is biologically acceptable. We calculate the threshold parameters which determine when the equibrium point exists and when it is globally asymptotically stable. Utilizing the Lyapunov function and Lyapunov-LaSalle asymptotic stability, we demonstrate the global asymptotic stability of all equilibrium. We performed numerical simulations to confirm the analytical solutions. The effect of saturation on The dynamics of HIV/HTLV-I co-infection are discussed

Systematic Collective e-Cheating in a Saudi Arabian Higher Education Context: A Case Study

Objectives: The primary purpose was to investigate organized group cheating in a Middle Eastern institution during the shift to e-learning brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Method: The study explores the personal experiences of ten Saudi Arabian English as a Foreign Language program graduates in a higher education institution through in-depth interviews via qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study was guided by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. Results: A novel type of misconduct coined systematic collective e-cheating was identified and discussed. In addition, insights on the causes and types of e-cheating in a Middle Eastern context were provided. Conclusions: Academic misconduct was directly influenced by a rapid transition to e-learning, societal culture, and subjective norms, all of which jointly contributed to shifts in ethical perceptions leading to increased reports of cheating. Objectives: The primary purpose was to investigate organized group cheating in a Middle Eastern institution during the shift to e-learning brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Method: The study explores the personal experiences of ten Saudi Arabian English as a Foreign Language program graduates in a higher education institution through in-depth interviews via qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study was guided by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. Results: A novel type of misconduct coined systematic collective e-cheating was identified and discussed. In addition, insights on the causes and types of e-cheating in a Middle Eastern context were provided. Conclusions: Academic misconduct was directly influenced by a rapid transition to e-learning, societal culture, and subjective norms, all of which jointly contributed to shifts in ethical perceptions leading to increased reports of cheating. Implication for Theory and/or Practice: Education professionals need to be aware of underlying issues related to unethical behavior and encourage students to understand and address negative ideologies regarding ethics on a societal level. Efforts must also be made to raise instructor awareness of academic misconduct in e-learning through comprehensive professional development programs. Furthermore, with the increased use of technology in education, if the social, cultural, and perceptional factors are not addressed, educational systems will be impacted, affecting the credibility and value of academic degrees should cheating become the norm

Comparison between Numerical, Analytical, and Field Solutions with Experimental Data for 90º Open Channel Junctions

Junction in open channel flow points out any side water secession from natural or artificial channels. In the last decades, comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigations on the dividing flow in open channel junctions have been executed to understand the characteristics of this separating flow. In this research, a three-dimensional turbulence model by fluent software used to replicate the flow characteristics of a 90º open channel junctions for two geometries. One is with equal width and horizontal bed and the other is field canal junction with irregular section. The modeling is based on the Navier-Stokes equation and κ-ω turbulent model. Comparing prepared to the numerical solution, the analytical model and the field works with published experimental data. The comparison showed that the numerical solution gave good agreements with maximum discrepancy 1.620% for rectangular sections and 0.718% for irregular sections than the published experimental data. The analytical solution gave a large error than numerical with a maximum discrepancy of 2.95% for the rectangular section and 11.485% for irregular sections than the published experimental data. A proposed relation between discharge ratio with upstream Froude number and depth ratio for the irregular section is suggested. The proposed equation has a maximum discrepancy equal to 0.433% with reference to the field data recorded

Experimental Investigation of Shock Boundary Layer Interaction for Two-Dimensional and Axisymmetric Flow

A supersonic wind-tunnel has been constructed using an 8 inch by 10 inch single stage jet vacuum ejector with a capacity of handling 0.4 lb/sec air at 4 inches Hg absolute suction pressure. A Toepler Schlieren system with 10-inch diameter parabolic mirrors has been set up for flow pattern visualization. The same apparatus was developed to obtain multi-colored views of the flow pattern. That was accomplished by placing an equilateral prism in front of the light source located at the focal plane of the first parabolic mirror. A spectrum was thus produced at the focal plane of the second parabolic mirror, and the color of the image on the screen could be adjusted by moving a slit (parallel to the bands of the spectrum) across the spectrum. An optical method was developed for visualization of the flow over axisymmetric bodies. A special cylindrical lens test section was designed such that a parallel beam of light coming to one side of the lens would be refracted parallel through its circular cavity and then refracted out parallel on the other side. Using the supersonic tunnel, experiments were conducted on shock boundary layer interaction at low Mach numbers (about 1.3) with two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric models. For the same area ratio the two-dimensional showed severe flow separation from one side but the axisymmetric model showed little or no flow separation both from the pressure data and the optical data. By inserting a plate horizontally, thus dividing the two-dimensional test section into two halves, the severe flow separation was almost eliminated. Although the shock wave is clearly visible when using the optical method for axisymmetric flow, minor flow separation could not be detected using this technique. Theoretical solutions to turbulent incompressible boundary layers for flow over axisymmetric or two-dimensional bodies are well known /1/*. Although these methods area fairly accurate for determining boundary layer growth, the accuracy deteriorates rapidly near the separation point. For the case of compressible flow, the situation in even worse. Thus experimental investigations of compressible boundary layers are needed. A detailed theoretical discussion of compressible boundary layers and shock boundary layer interaction for flow in an axisymmetric inlet is given in Reference 2. The construction of the supersonic tunnel described in this thesis and the testing of several two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric models using this tunnel were made to provide a facility where experimental tests can be conducted on various aspects of flow separation and shock boundary layer interaction

Synthesis of some new quinoxalines with expected pharmacological activities

4-Methylphenylenediamine 1 was reacted with α-dicarbonylsto give quinoxalines 2a-g, 4a-d and/or 7a-c.Quinoxalines 7a-c were converted into dihydropyridazinoquinoxalines 9a-c, thienoquinoxalines 10a-c and/or dichloroquinoxalines 11a-c. Compounds 11a-c were converted into ethoxyquinoxalines 12a-c, arylaminoquinoxalines13a-f and/or quinazolinoquinoxalines 14a-c. The reaction of 11a-c with semicarbazide and/or sodium azide was also described

Pubertal development of penile Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in the rat

Objectives: To evaluate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerve fibers in penile tissue in different age groups in the rat and to measure serum testosterone levels during this developmental process. Material and Methods: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats divided into 3 equally numbered groups of different age (40 days (d), 54d and 65d) were used in this study. Penile erection was evaluated using cavernous nerve electrostimulation. Before sacrificing the rats, a penile midshaft specimen was taken for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase staining and blood samples were collected to evaluate the testosterone levels. Results: Electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve revealed no significant difference in the maximal intracavernous pressure in the different age groups (44.9 ± 6.4, 54.8 ± 24.8, 45.9 ± 16.8 cm H2O, respectively; p>0.05), but the latency of the response to electrostimulation was significantly shorter in 54d and 65d than in 40d-old rats (5.4 ± 0.8 and 5.0 ± 0.7 vs. 9.0 ± 5.4 sec., respectively;