Endocrine and Cell Surface Receptor Signaling in Breast Carcinogenesis

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in female. To better understand the growth and progression as well as therapeutic management, breast cancers are grouped based on histopathological and molecular classification. A number of factors have been implicated in the development of breast cancer. Various cell surface as well as hormone receptor signaling play crucial role in breast cancer initiation and progression. This chapter briefly discusses few of the important receptor signaling pathways and the various strategies in practice as well as at different stages of development to target these pathways

An efficient algorithm for 3D rectangular box packing

Akyokuş, Selim (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 9th International Conference, ETAI 2009, Ohrid, September 26-29, Republic of Macedonia, 2009.Getting highest occupancy rate of capacity of a container is very important for the companies, which deals in shipping or has shipping as a part of their main activities. They have to fit 3D boxes in container with optimum or nearest to optimum placement in order to ship more products with a minimum cost. The problem of fitting the boxes which is different from or the same to each other into a big container in optimum level, is called 3-dimensional packing problem. In this problem, the main objective is to minimize used container volume or wasted container space. This provides the reduction of costs in shipments with the use minimum number of containers

Analysis of Consumer Perception towards Telecommunication Services

The use of Telecommunication services has been strikingly increased in recent decade. Hence it has become crucial to investigate the reasons behind telecom usage patterns and understand factors playing an important role for perception of telecom services. These investigations are important for both consumers and telecommunication service provider in order to build a strong relationship towards better delivery of telecom services which may result in satisfied customer. The developed model of this research is consisting of five variables which have a lot of impact on perception of consumer towards adoption of telecom services. The results of this research have numbers of practical applications both for marketer and telecom service consumer

Kesejahteraan subjektif warga tua di Malaysia: kes warga tua desa Kelantan

Purpose – Within the gerontological kepustakaane, human and social capitals have been widely assumed to enhance subjective well-being of the elderly. The objective of this study was to identify the extent to which well-being of rural elderly is being influenced by their human and social capitals. Design/Methodology/Approach – To acheive this objective, 214 people aged 60 years and above in rural Kelantan were selected. Using data from the survey,14 demographic and social variables were analysed using multiple regression analysis to determine their influence on the well-being of the elderly people. Findings – Results showed that education, work experience, housing, and social ties with spouses, friends, and neighbours are variables that have a significant influence on the subjective well-being of the elderly within the study area. Originality/Value – This study conformed that education, work experiences, housing, and social ties with spouses, friends, and neighbours are significantly important for the subjective well-being of the elderly

Finansal Stres ve Iktisadi Faaliyet

This study examines the interaction between financial stress and economic activity across emerging markets (EMs). Episodes of financial stress can be broadly defined as periods when the financial system is under acute strain and its ability to intermediate is impaired. This study introduces a monthly composite index used to measure financial stress episodes across EMs. The study then examines the implications of domestic and external financial stress shocks on Turkish economic activity and contrasts the dynamics with that of other EMs. Quantitatively, financial stress matters. Specifically, even a temporary financial stress shock can drag industrial production substantially below trend.Financial crises, Financial stress index, Emerging market economies

Kesejahteraan subjektif wargatua di Malaysia : kes masyarakat desa Kelantan

Dalam kepustakaan gerontologi, modal manusia dan modal sosial secara meluas dianggap mempunyai pengaruh yang boleh meningkatkan tahap kesejahteraan warga tua. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengukur sejauh mana tahap kesejahteraan subjektif warga tua desa dipengaruh modal manusia dan modal sosial yang mereka miliki. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, sejumlah 214 orang warga tua berumur 60 tahun dan lebih di kawasan desa negeri Kelantan telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan soal selidik yang telah disiapkan terlebih dahulu. Sebanyak 14 pemboleh ubah sosial dan demografi telah dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisi regresi untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh masing-masing ke atas kesejahteraan subjektif warga tua. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, perumahan dan hubungan sosial dengan pasangan serta kawan-kawan dan jiran tetangga merupakan pemboleh ubah yang mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan ke atas kesejahteraan subjektif warga tua di kawasan kajian. Selain itu, hasil kajian juga mengesahkan bahawa pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, perumahan serta hubungan sosial dengan pasangan dan kawan-kawan serta jiran tetangga adalah penting untuk kesejahteraan subjektif warga tua. Gerontologi;warga tua; kesejahteraan; kesejahteraan subjektif

Vibration Characteristics of Different Cross-Section Pipes With Different End Conditions

This paper investigates the effect of end conditions on the vibration characteristicsof a pipe conveying fluid with different cross sections such as (sudden enlargementand sudden contraction). The governing equation of motion for this system is derivedby using beam theory. Three types of end pipe supports (flexible, simply and rigid)were adopted to investigate their effects on the vibration characteristics. Also, theeffect of some design parameters like pipe diameter, length, pipe material, and theeffect of fluid velocity were investigated.Two different pipe systems of different diameters were investigated, model-1[12.7mm, 25.4mm, 12.7mm] and model-2 [6.35mm, 12.7mm, 6.35mm] with length[0.25m, 0.5m, 0.25m] and model-3 with same diameter for model-1 but with length[0.5m, 0.5m, 0.5m]. Three pipe materials were tried, copper, steel and aluminum. Theeffect of Reynolds number between (500 - 1500) was also investigated. The dynamicbehavior of a pipe conveying fluid is described by means of transfer matrix method. AMatlab- R2007 language computer program has been developed in this study to predictthe vibration response.The results of Matlab program were compared with those from ANSYS-11program and it is found that there is a good agreement between them

Investigation of pollution coming from copper, lead, and zinc mining, and factors controlling mobility and bioavailability of pollutants at Ecton Hill, Staffordshire, UK

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.Former mining areas are well-known globally to be a significant anthropogenic source of contaminants being dispersed into the surrounding environment. Various human activities, including ore mineral mining, industrial activities, domestic waste production, and the agricultural application of fertilisers and pesticides, are likely to contribute to the release of huge amounts of potentially toxic metals into the ecosystem, which have harmful effects on the flora and fauna and on human health. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to evaluate the contamination that arises from some selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, and V) in topsoil and floodplain samples from the Ecton mining area. Ecton Hill is located in the southern part of the Peak District, Staffordshire, England, and bounded by the River Manifold from the west. This area has been mined for sulphide minerals, which were extracted extensively from the 16th century until the mid-19th century; the area is currently being used for cattle rearing and agricultural purposes. Therefore, it would be worth finding out the extent to which the area has been polluted by the aforementioned metals. To this end, topsoil and floodplain samples were collected and analysed for their total concentrations using XRF technique and different granulometric classes (i.e. clay, silt, and sand) using a (Malvern Mastersizer Long Bed) laser granulometer with a presentation unit of MS-17. In addition, soil specific factors, including organic matter content, organic carbon, pH, Eh, and cation exchange capacity were also measured. Spatial distribution maps were constructed using a GIS approach for the metals studied over the study area. Contamination and ecological risk assessments were carried out via the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factors (EF) respectively. Moreover, collected soils for different land uses have been assessed using the UK government soil guidelines (i.e. ICRCL and CLEA’s SGVs soil values). Furthermore, the bioavailability, leachability, and fractionation (using five-steps sequential extraction) of the metals in various soil phases were characterised using correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches. The GIS- based spatial analysis maps reveal that elevated concentrations of the metals are located around the sites of the mining waste in the area. The contamination assessment results indicate that Cu, Pb, Zn have a contamination degree ranging between strongly contaminated (class 4) and extremely contaminated (class 6). The results of the ecological assessment by enrichment factor (EF) show that Pb has the highest enrichment factor. The bioavailability results of the heavy metals under study, via EDTA, show that Cu, Pb, Zn have the highest bioavailable fractions. The regression analysis demonstrates that Mn gives the best fit regression equation with the highest R2 value of 0.825. The leachability results reveal that, of the seven heavy metals, Zn has the highest leachable value, whereas the lowest leachable was recorded for Cr. Speciation was measured using the five-steps procedure, and the results show that Cu, Pb and Zn are mainly associated with the organic matter fraction, whilst, Cr, Ni and V are associated with the residual fraction. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that oxides of Fe/Al, organic matter, and the clay and silt fractions are the main soil parameters responsible for binding heavy metals to the soil surfaces of the study area. Changing the redox potential conditions and acidification was investigated and the results indicate that such changes have significant effects on the release of heavy metals from the soil particles at Ecton Hill

Hemoptysis secondary to rupture of infected aortic aneurysm- a case report

BACKGROUND: Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition and can arise as a complication of various conditions. It rarely occurs as a complication of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm. Even rarer are conditions where pseudoanurysms of aorta result due to infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30 year-old female patient presented with left sided chest pain, intermittent fever, cough and massive hemoptysis. A pseudo-aneurysm of proximal descending thoracic aorta at the level of the left Subclavian artery was noted over CT scan. Upon performing a left posterolateral thoracotomy, the aneurysm was seen to have ruptured into the apical segment of left upper lobe, contained mainly by a thrombus. The anterior wall of the pseudoaneurysm was debrided and a bovine pericardial patch was used to repair the aortic defect. Cultures of the tissue obtained showed Enterobacter species, therefore the patient was prescribed 6 weeks of IV antibiotics following surgery. Post-operative CT scan revealed reduced diameter of the aorta. She was discharged in good health and remains well at follow up evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: We present a case of hemoptysis caused by a ruptured descending aorta aneurysm into left lung. The aneurysm was secondary to infection by Enterobacter. Surgical repair of the concerned region of aorta was effective, without any major sequelae. To the best of our knowledge, no such cases have been reported previousl

EFEKTIVITAS KITOSAN MIKROKRISTALIN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF ANTIBAKTERI ALAMI DALAM MOUTHWASH

Microcrystalline chitosan is a chitosan that has been modified by minimizing its particle size. Chitosan posses antibacterial property. The use of microcrystalline chitosan as an antibacterial in the mouthwash has not been revealed yet. This study was done to compare the degree  effectiveness of mouthwash that contain  microcrystalline chitosan as an antibacterial and commercial mouthwash. The parameters measured in this study were proximate analysis, yield, deacetylation (Fourier Transform Infrared), particle size (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and total plate count. Microcrystalline chitosan contained moisture, ash, nitrogen and yield were 3.92% dry weight basis (db); 4% db, 1.4% db; and 50% respectively. Detection results of FTIR and SEM showed the size of microcrystalline chitosan was 0.6-6μm and degree of deacetylation was 88.66%. Mouthwash that contained 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% microcrystalline chitosan could reduce TPC bacteria up to 97.57%, 99.05% and 99.46% respectively, while commercial mouthwash reduced TPC bacteria up to 89.70%.Keywords: antibacterial, microcrystalline chitosan, mouthwash