Pharmacokinetics and Penetration into the Aqueous Humor of Long Action Oxytetracycline after Single Dose Intravenous and Intramuscular Administrations in Rabbits

The aim of this study was to investigate pharmacokinetics and penetration into the aqueous humor of Long Action Oxytetracycline (OTC-LA) after Intravenous (IV) and Intramuscular (IM) administrations, at a single dose of 20 mg kg(-1) b.wt in rabbits. After administrations of the long action formulation, the plasma oxytetracycline concentrations were evaluated using a two-compartmental open model. The study was designed according to a two-period cross-over and the plasma OTC concentration was measured using the ELISA procedure. The elimination half-lives (t(1/2 beta)) of the OTC-LA after IV and IM administrations were 12.60 +/- 0.92 and 38.67 +/- 4.40 h, respectively. After IV administration, the volume of distribution (V(dss)) and total body Clearance (Cl(tot)) values of the drug were 3.42 +/- 0.21 L kg(-1) and 0.19 +/- 0.01 L/h/kg, respectively. The maximum concentration of the drug (C(max)) in the plasma (4.23 +/- 0.43 mu g mL(-1)) was achieved at 2.0 h (t(max)) after IM administration. The Minimum therapeutic plasma Concentration (MIC) of the drug at the amount >= 0.5 mu g mL(-1) was maintained until 48 h after IV and IM administrations. The intramuscular bioavailability of the drug was 0.79 +/- 0.10%. After IV and IM administrations of OTC-LA formulation, the maximum concentrations of the drug in the aqueous humor were 0.1 and 0.068 mu g mL(-1), respectively. However, the concentrations of the drug in the aqueous humor were below the MIC value (0.5 mu g mL(-1)) during 12-72 and 4-48 h for IM and IV administrations, respectively

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular administration in New Zealand White rabbits

The pharmacokinetic disposition and bioavailability of florfenicol (FF) were determined after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of 25 mg/kg b.w. to ten healthy New Zealand White rabbits. Plasma FF concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plasma pharmacokinetic values for FF were best described by a one-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) was different (p 0.05) after i.v. and i.m. administrations. FF was rapidly eliminated (t(1/2 beta) 1.49 +/- 0.23 h), slowly absorbed and high (F, 88.75 +/- 0.22%) after i.m. injection. In addition, FF was widely distributed to the body tissues (V-ss 0.98 +/- 0.05 L/kg) after im. injection. In this study the time that plasma concentration exceeded the concentration of 2 mu g/mL was approximately 6 h. For bacteria with MIC of 2 mu g/mL, frequent administration at this dose would be needed to maintain the concentration above the MIC. However, it is possible that rabbit pathogens may have MIC values less than 2 mu g/mL which would allow for less frequent administration. Further studies are necessary to identify the range of MIC values for rabbit pathogens and to identify the most appropriate PK-PD parameter needed to predict an effective dose. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Increased Amount of Visceral Fat in Patients with Psoriasis Contributes to Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Psoriasis is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is associated with visceral fat accumulation. There is no study on the accumulation of visceral fat in patients with psoriasis. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the visceral fat accumulation in patients with psoriasis and controls. Subjects and Methods: 46 patients with psoriasis and 46 sex-and age-matched control patients were included in this study. The abdominal fat area [visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and total fat area (TFA)] at the level of the umbilicus was evaluated by computed tomography. Results: The mean VFA value and VFA/SFA ratio of the psoriasis patients were significantly higher compared with the control patients (123.4 +/- 80.3 vs. 81.2 +/- 59.8 cm(2) and 0.734 +/- 0.593 vs. 0.491 +/- 0.336; p = 0.005 and p = 0.017, respectively). Fasting blood sugar levels were also found to be significantly higher in psoriasis patients, compared with the control patients (101.8 +/- 43.5 vs. 83.4 +/- 9.1 mg/dl; p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that waist-to-hip ratio, age, body weight, the presence of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome were significantly associated with VFA. Conclusion: Psoriasis patients had a higher amount of VFA, compared with the control patients. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Base

Antifungal consumption, indications and selection of antifungal drugs in paediatric tertiary hospitals in Turkey: Results from the first national point prevalence survey

WOS: 000452555000048PubMed ID: 30121343Objectives: The aim of this point prevalence survey was to evaluate the consumption, indications and strategies of antifungal therapy in the paediatric population in Turkey. Methods: A point prevalence study was performed at 25 hospitals. In addition to general data on paediatric units of the institutes, the generic name and indication of antifungal drugs, the presence of fungal isolation and susceptibility patterns, and the presence of galactomannan test and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) results were reviewed. Results: A total of 3338 hospitalised patients were evaluated. The number of antifungal drugs prescribed was 314 in 301 patients (9.0%). Antifungal drugs were mostly prescribed in paediatric haematology and oncology (PHO) units (35.2%), followed by neonatal ICUs (NICUs) (19.6%), paediatric services (18.3%), paediatric ICUs (PICUs) (14.6%) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) units (7.3%). Antifungals were used for prophylaxis in 147 patients (48.8%) and for treatment in 154 patients (50.0%). The antifungal treatment strategy in 154 patients was empirical in 77 (50.0%), diagnostic-driven in 29 (18.8%) and targeted in 48 (31.2%). At the point of decision-making for diagnostic-driven antifungal therapy in 29 patients, HRCT had not been performed in 1 patient (3.4%) and galactomannan test results were not available in 12 patients (41.4%). Thirteen patients (8.4%) were receiving eight different antifungal combination therapies. Conclusion: The majority of antifungal drugs for treatment and prophylaxis were prescribed in PHO and HSCT units (42.5%), followed by ICUs. Thus, antifungal stewardship programmes should mainly focus on these patients within the availability of diagnostic tests of each hospital. (C) 2018 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Antifungal consumption, indications and selection of antifungal drugs in paediatric tertiary hospitals in Turkey: Results from the first national point prevalence survey

Objectives: The aim of this point prevalence survey was to evaluate the consumption, indications and strategies of antifungal therapy in the paediatric population in Turkey

What should be the appropriate minimal duration for patient examination and evaluation in pulmonary outpatient clinics?

INTRODUCTION: Patient examinations performed in a limited time period may lead to impairment in patient and physician relationship, defective and erroneous diagnosis, inappropriate prescriptions, less common use of preventive medicine practices, poor patient satisfaction, and increased violent acts against health-care staff

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T)

Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group