DE NUEVO SOBRE LA INTERPRETACIÓN Y LOS PRINCIPIOS JURÍDICOS

Changes in production processes of law and the structural modification of the source system put in question the model of law designed by the 19th century legal positivism, based on the legislative monopoly in the creation of law and in consideration of process of application of law as a process of formal subsumption. In this new scenario, the time of application and hermeneutics of law acquire a central role. In the complex new functions assumed by the interpreter of law to try to rebuild the unity and coherence of the complex legal systems, now fragmented and incomplete, the recovery of the self-regulatory role of the legal principles becomes an essential requirement. The author illustrates the renewed role of the principles with examples of constitutional law, tax law and civil procedural law.Los cambios en los procesos de producción del derecho y la modificación estructural del sistema de fuentes ponen en tela de juicio el modelo de derecho diseñado por el positivismo jurídico del XIX, basado en el monopolio legislativo en la creación del derecho y en la consideración de proceso de aplicación del derecho como un procedimiento de subsunción formal. En ese nuevo escenario, el momento aplicativo y hermenéutico del derecho adquieren un protagonismo central. En las nuevas y complejas funciones que asume el intérprete del derecho para tratar de recomponer la unidad y la coherencia de los ordenamientos jurídicos complejos, faltos de plenitud y fragmentados, la recuperación del rol normativo autónomo de los principios jurídicos se convierte en una exigencia imprescindible. El autor ilustra ese renovado papel de los principios con ejemplos del derecho constitucional, el derecho tributario y el derecho procesal civil

Releyendo la jurisprudencia normativa de Ronald Dworkin: una valoración de conjunto

En este trabajo se evalúa el impacto sobre la filosofía del derecho contemporánea de la obra de Ronald Dworkin. A partir de Hart y en lo sucesivo, no se ha podido dejar de debatir las ideas de Dworkin y de dedicarles ensayos y conferencias. Debe reconocerse que Dworkin ha cambiado profundamente el panorama de la teoría del derecho contemporánea, contribuyendo de manera decisiva a abandonar definitivamente la concepción vetero-positivista del derecho y reorientando completa y profundamente el debate sobre el positivismo jurídico y sobre el iusnaturalismo. This paper examines the impact of Ronald Dworkin's work on contemporary Legal Philosophy. Ever since Hart, Dworkin's ideas have been constantly on debate. Many essays and lectures have been devoted to them. Dworkin has deeply changed contemporary Legal Theory landscape, contributing enormously to definitely abandoning the classic-positivist conception of Law and fully and deeply reorienting the debate on Legal Positivism and Natural Law Theories

Universalità e particolarismo dei diritti fondamentali

Vengono dapprima esaminate due posizioni universalistiche tra loro molto diverse: la teoria formale di Luigi Ferrajoli, di cui e mostrata la contraddittorieta rispetto alle premesse di un approccio avalutativo; e la teoria ≪sostanzialistica≫ di Francesco Viola, che rivendicando la doppia natura dei diritti fondamentali, come legal rights e come moral rights, presuppone che i diritti vengano positivizzati e percio concretizzati nei processi interpretativi e applicativi. Successivamente sono analizzate criticamente due diverse tesi particolaristiche: quella di Luca Baccelli che, riconoscendo ai diritti una connotazione storica e culturale, ne afferma la genesi in particolari circostanze storiche; e quella di Gianluigi Palombella che lega i diritti fondamentali alla loro contingente funzione istituzionale. La conclusione del saggio sostiene la tesi dell’universalita dei diritti come incontro tra universale e particolare, sviluppato tramite un dialogo multiculturale che valorizzi le differenze in una logica piu ampia.Despite the vast scientific production on the subject, the notion of fundamental rights is still controversial and problematic. The a. reviews some of the main positions of the current Italian legal-philosophical debate on fundamental rights. In the first part, two very different universalistic positions are examined: the formal theory of law of Luigi Ferrajoli, of which the author shows the contradictions with respect to the premises of a value-free approach; and the ≪substantive≫ theory of law of Francesco Viola, who, claiming the double nature of fundamental rights – as legal rights and as moral rights – presupposes that rights are positivized and therefore concretized in the processes of interpretation and application of law. In the second part, the a. analyses critically two different particularistic approaches to rights: Luca Baccelli, recognizing the historical and cultural connotation of rights, finds their genesis in particular historical circumstances; while Gianluigi Palombella binds fundamental rights to their contingent institutional function. In the conclusion, the a. supports the thesis of the universality of rights as an encounter between universal and particular, developed through a multicultural dialogue that enhances differences in a broader logic

Photoinduced Temperature Gradients in Sub-wavelength Plasmonic Structures: The Thermoplasmonics of Nanocones

Plasmonic structures are renowned for their capability to efficiently convert light into heat at the nanoscale. However, despite the possibility to generate deep sub-wavelength electromagnetic hot spots, the formation of extremely localized thermal hot spots is an open challenge of research, simply because of the diffusive spread of heat along the whole metallic nanostructure. Here we tackle this challenge by exploiting single gold nanocones. We theoretically show how these structures can indeed realize extremely high temperature gradients within the metal, leading to deep sub-wavelength thermal hot spots, owing to their capability of concentrating light at the apex under resonant conditions even under continuous wave illumination. A three-dimensional Finite Element Method model is employed to study the electromagnetic field in the structure and subsequent thermoplasmonic behaviour, in terms of the three-dimensional temperature distribution. We show how the latter is affected by nanocone size, shape, and composition of the surrounding environment. Finally, we anticipate the use of photoinduced temperature gradients in nanocones for applications in optofluidics and thermoelectrics or for thermally induced nanofabrication

All-Optical Reconfiguration of Ultrafast Dichroism in Gold Metasurfaces

Optical metasurfaces have come into the spotlight as a promising platform for light manipulation at the nanoscale, including ultrafast all-optical control via excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. Recently, dichroic metasurfaces have been exploited to modulate the polarization state of light with unprecedented speed. This work theoretically predicts and experimentally demonstrates by pump–probe spectroscopy the capability to reconfigure the ultrafast dichroic signal of a gold metasurface by simply acting on the polarization of the pump pulse, which is shown to reshape the spatio-temporal distribution of the optical perturbation. The photoinduced anisotropic response, driven by out-of-equilibrium carriers and extinguished in a sub-picosecond temporal window, is readily controlled in intensity by tuning the polarization direction of the excitation up to a full sign reversal. Hence, nonlinear metasurfaces are here demonstrated to offer the flexibility to tailor their ultrafast optical response in a fully all-optically reconfigurable platform