Critical issues of double-metal layer coating on FBG for applications at high temperatures

Use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to monitor high temperature (HT) applications is of great interest to the research community. Standard commercial FBGs can operate up to 600 ∘ C. For applications beyond that value, specific processing of the FBGs must be adopted to allow the grating not to deteriorate. The most common technique used to process FBGs for HT applications is the regeneration procedure (RP), which typically extends their use up to 1000 ∘ C. RP involves a long-term annealing of the FBGs, to be done at a temperature ranging from 550 to 950 ∘ C. As at that temperature, the original coating of the FBGs would burn out, they shall stay uncoated, and their brittleness is a serious concern to deal with. Depositing a metal coating on the FBGs prior to process them for RP offers an effective solution to provide them with the necessary mechanical strengthening. In this paper, a procedure to provide the FBG with a bimetallic coating made by copper and nickel electrodeposition (ED) is proposed, discussing issues related to the coating morphology, adherence to the fiber, and effects on the grating spectral response. To define the processing parameters of the proposed procedure, production tests were performed on dummy samples which were used for destructive SEM-EDS analysis. As a critical step, the proposed procedure was shown to necessitate a heat treatment after the nickel ED, to remove the absorbed hydrogen. The spectral response of the FBG samples was monitored along the various steps of the proposed procedure and, as a final proof test for adherence stability of the bimetallic coating, along a heating/cooling cycle from room temperature to 1010 ∘ C. The results suggest that, given the emergence of Kirkendall voids at the copper-nickel interface, occurring at the highest temperatures (700-1010 ∘ C), the bimetallic layer could be employed as FBG coating up to 700 ∘ C

RELACIÓN DE LAS CORRIENTES DEL PENSAMIENTO CON EL CONCEPTO DE SALUD EMITIDO POR GEORGES CANGUILHEM

Antes de pretender establecer una posible relación de las corrientes del pensamiento con el estatuto epistemológico del concepto de salud de Georges Canguilhem, es necesario mencionar aspectos relevantes de la biografía de este autor, Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) fue un filósofo francés e historiador de la ciencia, siendo profesor de filosofía realiza sus estudios de medicina por razones filosóficas y no médicas, su tesis de grado como médico fue “la visión crítica de lo normal y lo patológico” según Lecourt, Canguilhem no tenía en un principio, afanes epistemológicos respecto a la medicina, quería más bien tener claridad sobre la técnica, o más bien el arte médico (1). Fue formado bajo la influencia del idealismo Kantiano de sus maestros (Lagneau y Alain), con el pasar del tiempo, cambió su trayectoria y se separa del idealismo de Kant pero conserva alguno de sus motivos inspiradores (2)

The complete genome of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix strain BR3459a, a symbiont of Mimosa flocculosa: highlighting the coexistence of symbiotic and pathogenic genes.

Burkholderia species play an important ecological role related to xenobiosis, the promotion of plant growth, the biocontrol of agricultural diseases, and symbiotic and non-symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation. Here, we highlight our study as providing the first complete genome of a symbiotic strain of B. phenoliruptrix, BR3459a (=CLA1), which was originally isolated in Brazil from nodules of Mimosa flocculosa and is effective in fixing nitrogen in association with this leguminous species. Genomic comparisons with other pathogenic and non-pathogenic Burkholderia strains grouped B. phenoliruptrix BR3459a with plant-associated beneficial and environmental species, although it shares a high percentage of its gene repertoire with species of the B. cepacia complex (Bcc) and "pseudomallei" group. The genomic analyses showed that the bce genes involved in exopolysaccharide production are clustered together in the same genomic region, constituting part of the Group III cluster of non-pathogenic bacteria. Regarding environmental stresses, we highlight genes that might be relevant in responses to osmotic, heat, cold and general stresses. Furthermore, a number of particularly interesting genes involved in the machinery of the T1SS, T2SS, T3SS, T4ASS and T6SS secretion systems were identified. The xenobiotic properties of strain BR3459a were also investigated, and some enzymes involved in the degradation of styrene, nitrotoluene, dioxin, chlorocyclohexane, chlorobenzene and caprolactam were identified. The genomic analyses also revealed a large number of antibiotic-related genes, the most important of which were correlated with streptomycin and novobiocin. The symbiotic plasmid showed high sequence identity with the symbiotic plasmid of B. phymatum. Additionally, comparative analysis of 545 housekeeping genes among pathogenic and non-pathogenic Burkholderia species strongly supports the definition of a new genus for the second branch, which would include BR3459a. The analyses of B. phenoliruptrix BR3459a showed key property of fixing nitrogen that together with genes for high tolerance to environmental stresses might explain a successful strategy of symbiosis in the tropics. The strain also harbours interesting sets of genes with biotechnological potential. However, the resemblance of certain genes to those of pathogenic Burkholderia raise concerns about large-scale applications in agriculture or for bioremediation

Performance measurement of essential public health functions in three municipalities, Antioquia-Colombia, 2011

ABSTRACT: To measure the performance of the Essential Public Health Functions (ephf) in three municipalities from the Penderisco area of Southwestern Antioquia (a zone encompassing three municipalities: Betulia, Concordia, and Salgar) in 2011. Methodology: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in three municipalities. To this end, we adapted the instrument for measuring ephf for use in Colombia. The instrument was developed by the paho, and we implemented its adapted version locally. The instrument was adjusted to the skills and fields of action of the municipal authorities, the questions that were not relevant for the local context were removed, and the formulas for generating scores and indicators were re-calculated. The instrument was applied to a group of experts in each municipality. Results: in the Penderisco zone, three functions had optimal performance: ephf1, ephf4, ephf2. Additionally, the functions labeled ephf3, ephf5, ephf6, ephf7, ephf8, ephf9, and ephf11 had above average performance. ephf10, in turn, showed minimum performance. Two indicators of development of capacity and infrastructure for public health were classified as weaknesses, namely: knowledge, skills, and mechanisms to review, refine and enforce the regulatory framework and development of institutional research capacity. This is consistent in the three municipalities. Conclusions: In spite of the efforts made by countries to improve the performance of the essential public health functions, development is still budding; the same scenario is seen in the studied municipalities. Few functions had optimal performance and were considered strengths and capacity development and the infrastructure for supporting the development of essential public health functions are weak.RESUMEN: Medir el desempeño de las Funciones Esenciales en Salud Pública (fesp) en tres municipios que corresponden a la zona Penderisco del suroeste antioqueño (Concordia, Betulia y Salgar) en 2011. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en los tres municipios. Se adaptó el instrumento de medición de las fesp en el ámbito nacional, elaborado por la ops para aplicarlo localmente, se ajustó a las competencias y campos de acción de las autoridades municipales, se suprimieron preguntas no pertinentes para el nivel y se recalcularon las fórmulas que generaban el puntaje y los indicadores. El instrumento se aplicó a un grupo de expertos en cada municipio. Resultados: en la zona Penderisco, se encontraron tres funciones fesp1, fesp2 y fesp4 con desempeño óptimo. Las fesp3, fesp5, fesp6, fesp7, fesp8, fesp9 y fesp11 con desempeño medio superior y la fesp10 un desempeño mínimo. Dos indicadores de desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para la salud pública, fueron clasificados como debilidades, coincidente en los tres municipios: conocimientos, habilidades y mecanismos para revisar, perfeccionar y hacer cumplir el marco regulatorio y el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional de investigación. Conclusiones: a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por los países para mejorar el desempeño de las fesp, el desarrollo es incipiente con algunas excepciones, este mismo esquema se refleja en los municipios estudiados. Pocas funciones están clasificadas en desempeño óptimo y como fortalezas. El desarrollo de capacidades e infraestructura para soportar el desarrollo de las fesp es débil

Complete genome sequence of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix BR3459a (CLA1), a heat-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing symbiont of mimosa flocculosa.

The genus Burkholderia represents a challenge to the fields of taxonomy and phylogeny and, especially, to the understanding of the contrasting roles as either opportunistic pathogens or bacteria with biotechnological potential. Few genomes of nonpathogenic strains, especially of diazotrophic symbiotic bacteria, have been sequenced to improve understanding of the genus. Here, we contribute with the complete genome sequence of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix strain BR3459a (CLA1), an effective diazotrophic symbiont of the leguminous tree Mimosa flocculosa Burkart, which is endemic to South America

Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: M-dwarf planet-search survey and the multiplanet systems GJ 876 and GJ 1148

SPIRou is a near-infrared spectropolarimeter and a high-precision velocimeter. The SPIRou Legacy Survey collected data from February 2019 to June 2022, half of the time devoted to a blind search for exoplanets around nearby cool stars. The aim of this paper is to present this program and an overview of its properties, and to revisit the radial velocity (RV) data of two multiplanet systems, including new visits with SPIRou. From SPIRou data, we can extract precise RVs using efficient telluric correction and line-by-line measurement techniques, and we can reconstruct stellar magnetic fields from the collection of polarized spectra using the Zeeman-Doppler imaging method. The stellar sample of our blind search in the solar neighborhood, the observing strategy, the RV noise estimates, chromatic behavior, and current limitations of SPIRou RV measurements on bright M dwarfs are described. In addition, SPIRou data over a 2.5-year time span allow us to revisit the known multiplanet systems GJ~876 and GJ~1148. For GJ~876, the new dynamical analysis including the four planets is consistent with previous models and confirms that this system is deep in the Laplace resonance and likely chaotic. The large-scale magnetic map of GJ~876 over two consecutive observing seasons is obtained and shows a dominant dipolar field with a polar strength of 30~G, which defines the magnetic environment in which the inner planet with a period of 1.94~d is embedded. For GJ~1148, we refine the known two-planet model.Comment: accepted in A&

Label-free cell cycle analysis for high-throughput imaging flow cytometry

Imaging flow cytometry combines the high-throughput capabilities of conventional flow cytometry with single-cell imaging. Here we demonstrate label-free prediction of DNA content and quantification of the mitotic cell cycle phases by applying supervised machine learning to morphological features extracted from brightfield and the typically ignored darkfield images of cells from an imaging flow cytometer. This method facilitates non-destructive monitoring of cells avoiding potentially confounding effects of fluorescent stains while maximizing available fluorescence channels. The method is effective in cell cycle analysis for mammalian cells, both fixed and live, and accurately assesses the impact of a cell cycle mitotic phase blocking agent. As the same method is effective in predicting the DNA content of fission yeast, it is likely to have a broad application to other cell types

Near-IR and optical radial velocities of the active M-dwarf star Gl 388 (AD Leo) with SPIRou at CFHT and SOPHIE at OHP

Context: The search for extrasolar planets around the nearest M-dwarfs is a crucial step towards identifying the nearest Earth-like planets. One of the main challenges in this search is that M-dwarfs can be magnetically active and stellar activity can produce radial velocity (RV) signals that could mimic those of a planet. Aims: We aim to investigate whether the 2.2 day period observed in optical RVs of the nearby active M-dwarf star Gl 388 (AD Leo) is due to stellar activity or to a planet which co-rotates with the star as suggested in the past. Methods: We obtained quasi-simultaneous optical RVs of Gl 388 from 2019 to 2021 with SOPHIE (R$\sim$75k) at the OHP in France, and near-IR RV and Stokes V measurements with SPIRou at the CFHT (R$\sim$70k). Results: The SOPHIE RV time-series displays a periodic signal with 2.23$\pm$0.01 days period and 23.6$\pm$0.5 m/s amplitude, which is consistent with previous HARPS observations obtained in 2005-2006. The SPIRou RV time-series is flat at 5 m/s rms and displays no periodic signals. RV signals of amplitude higher than 5.3 m/s at a period of 2.23 days can be excluded with a confidence level higher than 99%. Using the modulation of the longitudinal magnetic field (Bl) measured with SPIRou, we derive a stellar rotation period of 2.2305$\pm$0.0016 days. Conclusions: SPIRou RV measurements provide solid evidence that the periodic variability of the optical RVs of Gl 388 is due to stellar activity rather than to a co-rotating planet. The magnetic activity nature of the optical RV signal is further confirmed by the modulation of Bl with the same period. The SPIRou campaign on Gl 388 demonstrates the power of near-IR RV to confirm or infirm planet candidates discovered in the optical around active stars. SPIRou observations reiterate how effective spectropolarimetry is at determining the stellar rotation period.Comment: 25 pages, 23 figures, Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic