A FORMAÇÃO NO TEMPO E NO ESPAÇO DA INTERNET DAS COISAS

RESUMO: A Internet das Coisas tem revolucionado a forma de produção e reprodução do conhecimento. Trata-se de um tipo de interface comunicacional entre humanos, máquinas e objetos que, ao fundir os mundos material e informacional, suscita as seguintes questões: (1) a possibilidade de obtenção imediata de quaisquer informações implicaria na produção do pensamento crítico, em uma espécie de relação causa-efeito?; (2) se é possível acessar as informações em quaisquer tempo e espaço, quais seriam as transformações decorrentes no processo formativo dos alunos e dos professores? Justamente essas questões motivaram os autores do artigo a elaborar o seguinte objetivo: refletir criticamente sobre a revitalização do conceito de formação (Bildung ) na temporalidade e localidade da Internet das Coisas

Application Of A Novel Sol-gel Polydimethylsiloxane-poly(vinyl Alcohol) Solid-phase Microextraction Fiber For Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Herbal Infusions

A simple and environmentally friendly methodology for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) using a new fiber coated with polydimethylsiloxane- poly(vinyl alcohol) (PDMS/PVA) is reported for the trace determination of organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphorus (OPP) pesticides in herbal infusions of Passiflora L. by GC-ECD. The capacity of the PDMS/PVA coating for the pesticides was compared to that of commercial PDMS fibers, with advantageous results. The effects of parameters such as the sample ionic strength, dilution of the infusion, extraction temperature and time were investigated. The optimized conditions for the determination of OCP and OPP in Passiflora L. infusions were extraction time and temperature, respectively, of 38 min and 67.5°C, with 5 min of sample/headspace equilibration time. The analytical curves for the range between 0.04 ng mL -1 to 6 ng mL -1 of each compound presented a good quality (correlation coefficients of 0.921 or better). The detection limits for the OCP and OPP in these matrices varied from 0.01 ng mL -1 (β-endosulfan) to 1.5 ng mL -1 (malathion). The sensitivity of studied methodology was adequate, as well as its accuracy (78.7-91.5%) and precision (R.S.D. = 1.2-14.2%). © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10561-2 SPEC.ISS.2126Pawliszyn, J., (2002) Sampling and Sample Preparation for Field and Laboratory: Fundamentals and New Directions in Sample Preparation. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 37. , J. Pawliszyn (Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLord, H.L., Pawliszyn, J., (2000) J. Chromatogr. a, 880, p. 35Psillakis, E., Kalogerakis, N., (2003) TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 22, p. 565Gonalves, C., Alpendurada, M.F., (2002) J. Chromatogr. a, 963, p. 19Djozan, D., Abdollahi, L., (2003) Chromatographia, 57, p. 799Gbatu, T.P., Sutton, K.L., Caruso, J.A., (1999) Anal. Chim. Acta, 402, p. 67Yu, J., Dong, L., Wu, C., Wu, L., Xing, J., (2002) J. Chromatogr. a, 978, p. 37Lopes, A.L., Augusto, F., (2004) J. Chromatogr. a, 1056, p. 13Bisset, N.G., (1994) Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis, , CRC Press LondonZuin, V.G., Yariwake, J.H., Lanas, F.M., (2003) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 14, p. 304Bicchi, C., Cordero, C., Iori, C., Rubiolo, P., Sandra, P., Yariwake, J.H., Zuin, V.G., (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, p. 27Zuin, V.G., Yariwake, J.H., Bicchi, C., (2003) J. Chromatogr. a, 985, p. 159(1997) European Pharmacopoeia, p. 122. , Conseil de l'Europe, Strasbourg(1977) Farmacopéia Brasileira, p. 839. , Andrei, So PauloSartoratto, A., Augusto, F., (2003) Chromatographia, 57, p. 351(1996) British Pharmacopoeia, pp. A511. , HMSO, London(2000) United States Pharmacopoeia, p. 1888. , US Pharmacopeial Convention, EastonZuin, V.G., Vilegas, J.H.Y., (2000) Phytother. Res., 14, p. 73Cai, L., Xing, J., Dong, L., Wu, C., (2003) J. Chromatogr. a, 1015, p. 11Lambroupoulou, D.A., Albanis, T.A., (2002) J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, p. 3359Simplício, A.L., Boas, L.V., (1999) J. Chromatogr. a, 833, p. 35Miller, J.C., Miller, J.N., (1995) Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, , Ellis Horwood ChichesterWang, D., Chong, S.L., Malik, A., (1997) Anal. Chem., 69, p. 4566(1996) International Conference on Harmonisation, Guideline Q2B, p. 6. , The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Londo

SBSE-GC-ECD/FPD in the analysis of pesticide residues in Passiflora alata Dryander herbal teas

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with GC-ECD/FPD analysis is here applied to the determination of the residues of 11 pesticides (hexachlorobenzene, lindane, chlorothalonil, parathion methyl, parathion ethyl, fenitrothion, malathion, dieldrin, α- and β-endosulfan, and tetradifon) in herbal teas prepared with Passiflora alata Dryander spiked leaves. The method was optimized using spiked herbal teas in a range from 0.05 to 1 pg/μL for organochlorine pesticides and from 0.15 to 3 pg/μL for organophosphorus pesticides. The method is reproducible and repeatable with recoveries calculated from herbal teas prepared with spiked plant material versus spiked herbal teas, varying from about 30% for tetradifon to about 90% for parathion methyl and malathion. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.017 pg/μL for lindane to 0.117 pg/μL for malathion.Articl

Real-time-capable prediction of temperature and density profiles in a tokamak using RAPTOR and a first-principle-based transport model

The RAPTOR code is a control-oriented core plasma profile simulator with various applications in control design and verification, discharge optimization and real-time plasma simulation. To date, RAPTOR was capable of simulating the evolution of poloidal flux and electron temperature using empirical transport models, and required the user to input assumptions on the other profiles and plasma parameters. We present an extension of the code to simulate the temperature evolution of both ions and electrons, as well as the particle density transport. A proof-of-principle neural-network emulation of the quasilinear gyrokinetic QuaLiKiz transport model is coupled to RAPTOR for the calculation of first-principle-based heat and particle turbulent transport. These extended capabilities are demonstrated in a simulation of a JET discharge. The multi-channel simulation requires ∼0.2 s to simulate 1 second of a JET plasma, corresponding to ∼20 energy confinement times, while predicting experimental profiles within the limits of the transport model. The transport model requires no external inputs except for the boundary condition at the top of the H-mode pedestal. This marks the first time that simultaneous, accurate predictions of Te, Tiand nehave been obtained using a first-principle-based transport code that can run in faster-than-real-time for present-day tokamaks

Runaway electron beam control

Post-disruption runaway electron (RE) beams in tokamaks with large current can cause deep melting of the vessel and are one of the major concerns for ITER operations. Consequently, a considerable effort is provided by the scientific community in order to test RE mitigation strategies. We present an overview of the results obtained at FTU and TCV controlling the current and position of RE beams to improve safety and repeatability of mitigation studies such as massive gas (MGI) and shattered pellet injections (SPI). We show that the proposed RE beam controller (REB-C) implemented at FTU and TCV is effective and that current reduction of the beam can be performed via the central solenoid reducing the energy of REs, providing an alternative/parallel mitigation strategy to MGI/SPI. Experimental results show that, meanwhile deuterium pellets injected on a fully formed RE beam are ablated but do not improve RE energy dissipation rate, heavy metals injected by a laser blow off system on low-density flat-top discharges with a high level of RE seeding seem to induce disruptions expelling REs. Instabilities during the RE beam plateau phase have shown to enhance losses of REs, expelled from the beam core. Then, with the aim of triggering instabilities to increase RE losses, an oscillating loop voltage has been tested on RE beam plateau phase at TCV revealing, for the first time, what seems to be a full conversion from runaway to ohmic current. We finally report progresses in the design of control strategies at JET in view of the incoming SPI mitigation experiments

Comparison of runaway electron generation parameters in small, medium-sized and large tokamaks - A survey of experiments in COMPASS, TCV, ASDEX-Upgrade and JET

This paper presents a survey of the experiments on runaway electrons (RE) carried out recently in frames of EUROFusion Consortium in different tokamaks: COMPASS, ASDEX-Upgrade, TCV and JET. Massive gas injection (MGI) has been used in different scenarios for RE generation in small and medium-sized tokamaks to elaborate the most efficient and reliable ones for future RE experiments. New data on RE generated at disruptions in COMPASS and ASDEX-Upgrade was collected and added to the JET database. Different accessible parameters of disruptions, such as current quench rate, conversion rate of plasma current into runaways, etc have been analysed for each tokamak and compared to JET data. It was shown, that tokamaks with larger geometrical sizes provide the wider limits for spatial and temporal variation of plasma parameters during disruptions, thus extending the parameter space for RE generation. The second part of experiments was dedicated to study of RE generation in stationary discharges in COMPASS, TCV and JET. Injection of Ne/Ar have been used to mock-up the JET MGI runaway suppression experiments. Secondary RE avalanching was identified and quantified for the first time in the TCV tokamak in RE generating discharges after massive Ne injection. Simulations of the primary RE generation and secondary avalanching dynamics in stationary discharges has demonstrated that RE current fraction created via avalanching could achieve up to 70-75% of the total plasma current in TCV. Relaxations which are reminiscent the phenomena associated to the kinetic instability driven by RE have been detected in RE discharges in TCV. Macroscopic parameters of RE dominating discharges in TCV before and after onset of the instability fit well to the empirical instability criterion, which was established in the early tokamaks and examined by results of recent numerical simulations