СТАНДАРТИ НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ХВОРИМ НА ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ МЕДИЧНОЮ СЕСТРОЮ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ

The article represents an exemplary local protocol for providing of medical care to patients with diabetes mellitus by general duty nurse, created by the authors on the basis of modern normative documents (clinical protocols of medical care to patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2).У статті наведено примірний локальний протокол із надання медичної допомоги хворим на цукровий діабет медичною сестрою загальної практики, розроблений авторами на основі сучасних нормативних документів (уніфікованих клінічних протоколів із надання медичної допомоги хворим на цукровий діабет 1 та 2 типів)

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ДРОЖЖЕЙ В СПИРТОВОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ

The paper shows the feasibility and efficiency of using new species and races of yeast in alcohol production and the yeast isolated from bioculture of rice fungus in particular. The yeast under study is characterized by favorable technological properties and high alcohol accumulation as well as low formation of ethanol extraneous admixtures responsible for its quality.В статье показана целесообразность и эффективность использования в спиртовом производстве новых видов и рас дрожжей, в частности, дрожжей, выделенных из биокультуры рисового гриба. Изучаемые дрожжи характеризуются высокими технологическими свойствами и повышенным спиртонакоплением в сочетании с низким образованием побочных примесей этанола, отвечающих за его качество

New results on group classification of nonlinear diffusion-convection equations

Using a new method and additional (conditional and partial) equivalence transformations, we performed group classification in a class of variable coefficient $(1+1)$-dimensional nonlinear diffusion-convection equations of the general form $f(x)u_t=(D(u)u_x)_x+K(u)u_x.$ We obtain new interesting cases of such equations with the density $f$ localized in space, which have large invariance algebra. Exact solutions of these equations are constructed. We also consider the problem of investigation of the possible local trasformations for an arbitrary pair of equations from the class under consideration, i.e. of describing all the possible partial equivalence transformations in this class.Comment: LaTeX2e, 19 page

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations. I. Enhanced Group Classification

We discuss the classical statement of group classification problem and some its extensions in the general case. After that, we carry out the complete extended group classification for a class of (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion--convection equations with coefficients depending on the space variable. At first, we construct the usual equivalence group and the extended one including transformations which are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. The extended equivalence group has interesting structure since it contains a non-trivial subgroup of non-local gauge equivalence transformations. The complete group classification of the class under consideration is carried out with respect to the extended equivalence group and with respect to the set of all point transformations. Usage of extended equivalence and correct choice of gauges of arbitrary elements play the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results. The set of admissible transformations of this class is preliminary investigated.Comment: 25 page

Лейкоэнцефалопатия с поздним началом с преимущественным поражением ствола головного мозга, спинного мозга и повышением лактата (клинические наблюдения)

Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and elevated lactate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a progressive hereditary disease of the nervous system clinically characterized by pyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, dorsal column signs and sometimes axonal neuropathy with specific neuroimaging signs of damage to the nervous system, detected by magnetic resonance imaging. This disease is caused by mutations in the DARS2 gene. The article presents an analysis of three clinical cases with the manifestation of neurological symptoms in adolescence. Clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging findings are discussed, difficulties of differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis are presented. Genetic screening algorithms are proposed.Лейкоэнцефалопатия с преимущественным поражением ствола головного мозга, спинного мозга и повышением лактата при магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии — наследственное заболевание нервной системы с прогрессирующим течением, проявляющееся пирамидными и мозжечковыми нарушениями в сочетании с признаками поражения задних столбов спинного мозга и в некоторых случаях с аксональной нейропатией, со специфическими нейровизуализационными признаками поражения нервной системы, выявляемыми при магнитно-резонансной томографии. Развитие данного заболевания связано с мутациями в гене DARS2. В статье представлен анализ 3 клинических случаев с манифестацией неврологических симптомов в подростковом возрасте. Рассмотрены особенности клинических проявлений и магнитно-резонансной картины, сложности дифференциальной диагностики с рассеянным склерозом, алгоритмы генетического обследования

BRAIN AND EYE AS POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR IONIZING RADIATION IMPACT: PART II – RADIATION CEREBRO-OPHTALMIC EFFECTS IN CHILDREN, PERSONS EXPOSED IN UTERO, ASTRONAUTS AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS

Background. Ionizing radiation (IR) can affect the brain and the visual organ even at low doses, while provoking cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and visual disorders. We proposed to consider the brain and the visual organ as potential targets for the influence of IR with the definition of cerebro-ophthalmic relationships as the «eye-brain axis». Objective. The present work is a narrative review of current experimental, epidemiological and clinical data on radiation cerebro-ophthalmic effects in children, individuals exposed in utero, astronauts and interventional radiologists. Materials and methods. The review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines by searching the abstract and scientometric databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, published from 1998 to 2021, as well as the results of manual search of peer-reviewed publications. Results. Epidemiological data on the effects of low doses of IR on neurodevelopment are quite contradictory, while data on clinical, neuropsychological and neurophysiological on cognitive and cerebral disorders, especially in the left, dominant hemisphere of the brain, are nore consistent. Cataracts (congenital – after in utero irradiation) and retinal angiopathy are more common in prenatally-exposed people and children. Astronauts, who carry out longterm space missions outside the protection of the Earth's magnetosphere, will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (heavy ions, protons), which leads to cerebro-ophthalmic disorders, primarily cognitive and behavioral disorders and cataracts. Interventional radiologists are a special risk group for cerebro-ophthalmic pathology – cognitive deficits, mainly due to dysfunction of the dominant and more radiosensitive left hemisphere of the brain, and cataracts, as well as early atherosclerosis and accelerated aging. Conclusions. Results of current studies indicate the high radiosensitivity of the brain and eye in different contingents of irradiated persons. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of cerebro-ophthalmic disorders in different exposure scenarios, to determine the molecular biological mechanisms of these disorders, reliable dosimetric support and taking into account the influence of non-radiation risk factors. Key words: ionizing radiation, brain, eye, cerebro-ophthalmic effects, radiation emergencies, prenatal irradiation, space flights, interventional radiology

Возможности искусственного интеллекта в измерении оттисков внутриглазного давления по Маклакову

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of Maklakov intraocular pressure imprints measurement by doctors and artificial intelligence.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two pairs of tonograms were prepared, obtained by a Maklakov tonometer with a load of 10.0 g. The tonograms were labeled anonymously, using a measuring ruler devised by prof. B.L. Polyak for 4 Maklakov tonometers. In total, 57 ophthalmologists took part in the work. A total of 40 prints were chosen based on there quality. The same prints were photographed by a Xiaomi mi smartphone camera 40 times with a different level of illumination and a different angle of rotation relative to the normal of the lens focal plane. Received photos in jpg format were analyzed by http://ai-tonometry.com algorithms and processed by the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm to extract sharper boundaries, and then translated into binary matrices (matrices consisting of “0” and “1”).RESULTS: An imprint with a maximum number of measurements of 40 and a collegially accepted reliable tonometric level of 17 mmHg was measured in the middle range of 16.48±2.7 16.0 (15.0; 17) mmHg by doctors, and 17.0±1.1 17.0 (16.0; 17.0) mmHg by the neural network. At the same time, the range of imprint diameter measurements by the neural network was almost three times smaller, than human measurements.CONCLUSION: The artificial intelligence-based mobile application allows for a high-quality monitoring of intraocular pressure and rejects prints of unsatisfactory quality, which may potentially reduce the number of patients with glaucoma progression.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить точность измерения оттисков внутриглазного давления (ВГД) по Маклакову, выполненного врачами и искусственным интеллектом.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Были подготовлены две пары тонограмм, полученные тонометром Маклакова грузом 10,0 г. Разметка тонограмм проводилась анонимно при помощи измерительной линейки проф. Б.Л. Поляка для 4-х тонометров Маклакова. Всего в работе приняло участие 57 офтальмологов. Были выбраны наиболее качественные отпечатки (n=40). Эти же отпечатки были сфотографированы на камеру смартфона Xiaomi mi 6 40 раз с различным уровнем освещенности и различным углом поворота относительно нормали к фокальной плоскости линзы. Полученные фотографии в формате jpg были проанализированы алгоритмами http://ai-tonometry.com. и обрабатывались алгоритмом Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) для выделения более четких границ, а после этого переводились в бинарные матрицы (матрицы, состоящие из «0» и «1»).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Оттиск с максимальным количеством измерений 40 и коллегиально принятым достоверным тонометрическим уровнем 17 мм рт.ст. врачами был измерен в среднем диапазоне 16,48±2,7 16,0 (15,0; 17) мм рт.ст., а нейросетью 17,0±1,1 17,0 (16,0; 17,0) мм рт.ст. При этом диапазон измерений диаметра оттиска нейросетью практически в 3 раза меньше по сравнению с измерениями врачей.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Мобильное приложение на основе искусственного интеллекта помогает качественно проводить мониторинг ВГД и отбраковывать оттиски неудовлетворительного качества, что позволит снизить количество пациентов с прогрессированием глаукомы

The HITRAN2020 Molecular Spectroscopic Database

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition

Fungal planet description sheets: 951–1041

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense fromanunidentifiedmarinesponge. Argentina , Geastrum wrightii onhumusinmixedforest. Australia , Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.)on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles , Lactifluus guanensis onsoil. Canada , Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna fromcarbonatiteinKarstcave. Colombia , Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae onwood. Cyprus , Clavulina iris oncalcareoussubstrate. France , Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis onsoil. French West Indies , Helminthosphaeria hispidissima ondeadwood. Guatemala , Talaromyces guatemalensis insoil. Malaysia , Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotra- cylla gen. nov.)and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan , Russula quercus-floribundae onforestfloor. Portugal , Trichoderma aestuarinum from salinewater. Russia , Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduouswoodorsoil. South Africa , Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.)onleavesof Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme , Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.)onleaflitterof Eugenia capensis , Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi , Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.)onleavesof Nephrolepis exaltata , Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa , Harzia metro sideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopota- myces gen. nov.)onleavesof Phragmites australis , Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea , Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla , Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata , Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai , Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.)onleafspots o

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health