Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

This is the sixth of a series of articles based on presentations at the America

World Congress on Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: Part 1

City, UT) discussed the association of early life stresses with heart disease, can-cer, Alzheimer’s disease, renal disease, and diabetes, leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. The most common stressor, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The classic example of this phenomenon comes from study of the Dutch famine at the end of World War II, which occurred during a 5-month period when the Nazi occupiers retaliated for a railroad strike. Caloric intake dropped from 1,800 to 600 per day and after liber