Analysis Local Wisdom of Rice Plants in Nagari Simpuruik Subdistrict Sungai Tarab Tanah Datar Regency West Sumatera Province

This study was conducted in Nagari Sungai Tarab Simpuruik Tanah Datar, Nagari Simpuruik been divided into two Jorong namely Jorong Simpuruik and Sijangek. This study was conducted to identify local wisdom that never existed and still exists today, as well as analyzing the local wisdom that are environmentally friendly and any strategy in maintaining indigenous rice crops. The author\u27s purpose which is to collect old culture that has been lost and record any culture that has been lost, thereby maintaining local knowledge of the area. The method used is qualitative the research methods used to examine the condition of natural objects. The sampling technique using snowball sampling techniques in sequence to obtain the saturation point of a question. By way of in-depth interviews with respondents and record it in the form of voice recorder that uses a questionnaire that has been made previously. Local knowledge is a form habits of the people who uphold the norms and values ​​of their culture, they run it for generations to his son and nephew in running their daily lives. In this study there is local wisdom that are still running, even though the procedures taught were not overly done. But they still carry out such wisdom

COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT HIGH YIELDING WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF ATTOCK.

The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field Attock during the year 2015-16. Six wheat Varieties i.e Aas 2011, Bars 2009, Narc 2009, Chakwal 50 and Pakistan 13 were evaluated for yield performance. Results revealed that all the varieties differ significantly in yield parameters.  The varieties Narc 2009 and Pakistan 13 were best performer with 36.34mds/acre and 36.14mds/acre yield respectively and are recommended for cultivation in rainfed conditions of Attock District

ZONA PERMEABEL DI KAWAH GUNUNG PAPANDAYAN BERDASARKAN GAS RADON DAN THORON

One of the methods used in geothermal exploration is to take advantage of the presence of radon in nature. In this study, we measured radon and thoron in Papandayan Volcano area, which was assumed to have a high geothermal potential. Measurements were carried out in around the crater of the volcano by using Rad7 on soil and water. The duration of measurement in each point is 15 minutes at a depth of 75 cm with a sniff mode. The result indicated that the concentration of radon gas is relatively high. The high concentration might be interpreted as the permeable zone, which associated with the zone of faults or fractures. The results also showed relatively high concentrations of radon gas around the east and the west of the crater. This concentration reflects the presence of permeable zones that may be associated with the southwest trending fault - northeast and also the presence of the caldera boundary. The continuity of permeable zone below the surface was interpreted based on the thoron- radon ratio (220Rn / 222Rn). A high ratio (indicating the source of radon shallow) found in the northern ridge of the Papandayan crater.Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan eksplorasi panasbumi adalah dengan memanfaatkan keberadaan gas radon alam. Dalam penelitian dilakukan pengukuran gas radon dan thoron di lokasi Gunung Papandayan karena daerah ini diduga memiliki potensi panas bumi yang tinggi. Kegiatan pengukuran dilakukan di sekitar kawah Gunung Papandayan dengan menggunakan alat Rad7 pada media tanah dan air. Lama pengukuran pertitik adalah 15 menit pada kedalaman 75 cm dengan mode sniff. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan konsentrasi gas radon yang relatif tinggi, yang dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai keberadaan zona permeabel, berkaitan dengan adanya zona rekahan atau patahan. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan konsentrasi gas radon yang relatif tinggi di sekitar tebing kawah timur dan barat. Konsentrasi tersebut mencerminkan keberadaan zona permeabel, yang mungkin berasosiasi dengan patahan berarah baratdaya – timurlaut, dan juga keberadaan batas kaldera. Kemenerusan zona permeabel sampai ke bawah permukaan dianalisa berdasarkan rasio thoron/radon (220Rn/222Rn). Rasio tinggi ditemukan (menunjukkan sumber radon dangkal)  dipunggungan utara kawah Papandayan

Birthing practices of traditional birth attendants in South Asia in the context of training programmes

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) training has been an important component of public health policy interventions to improve maternal and child health in developing countries since the 1970s. More recently, since the 1990s, the TBA training strategy has been increasingly seen as irrelevant, ineffective or, on the whole, a failure due to evidence that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in developing countries had not reduced. Although, worldwide data show that, by choice or out of necessity, 47 percent of births in the developing world are assisted by TBAs and/or family members, funding for TBA training has been reduced and moved to providing skilled birth attendants for all births. Any shift in policy needs to be supported by appropriate evidence on TBA roles in providing maternal and infant health care service and effectiveness of the training programmes. This article reviews literature on the characteristics and role of TBAs in South Asia with an emphasis on India. The aim was to assess the contribution of TBAs in providing maternal and infant health care service at different stages of pregnancy and after-delivery and birthing practices adopted in home births. The review of role revealed that apart from TBAs, there are various other people in the community also involved in making decisions about the welfare and health of the birthing mother and new born baby. However, TBAs have changing, localised but nonetheless significant roles in delivery, postnatal and infant care in India. Certain traditional birthing practices such as bathing babies immediately after birth, not weighing babies after birth and not feeding with colostrum are adopted in home births as well as health institutions in India. There is therefore a thin precarious balance between the application of biomedical and traditional knowledge. Customary rituals and perceptions essentially affect practices in home and institutional births and hence training of TBAs need to be implemented in conjunction with community awareness programmes

Seven 3-methylidene-1H-indol-2(3H)-ones related to the multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib

The solid-state structures of a series of seven substituted 3-methylidene-1H-indol-2(3H)-one derivatives have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and are compared in detail. Six of the structures {(3Z)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2- ylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one, C13H10N2O, (2a); (3Z)-3-( 2-thienylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one, C13H9NOS, (2b); (3E)-3-(2-furylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one monohydrate, C13H9NO2 center dot H2O, (3a); 3-(1-methylethylidene)-1H-indol- 2(3H)-one, C11H11NO, (4a); 3-cyclohexylidene-1H-indol- 2(3H)-one, C14H15NO, (4c); and spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,3'-indolin]- 2'-one, C11H11NO3, (5)} display, as expected, intermolecular hydrogen bonding (N-H center dot center dot center dot O=C) between the 1H-indol-2(3H)-one units. However, methyl 3-(1-methylethylidene)- 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-carboxylate, C13H13NO3, (4b), a carbamate analogue of (4a) lacking an N-H bond, displays no intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The structure of (4a) contains three molecules in the asymmetric unit, while (4b) and (4c) both contain two independent molecules

Infection control in delivery care units, Gujarat state, India: A needs assessment

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Utilisation of an operative difficulty grading scale for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p < 0.001). In the CholeS cohort, a higher difficulty grade was found to be most strongly associated with conversion to open and 30-day mortality (AUROC = 0.903, 0.822, respectively). On multivariable analysis, the Nassar operative difficultly scale was found to be a significant independent predictor of operative duration, conversion to open surgery, 30-day complications and 30-day reintervention (all p < 0.001). Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Pakistan: where do we stand?

Context: From the 1970s till the mid 1990s, hepatitis B was the most common etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan. Afterwards, a shift in HCC etiology was observed with a steady rise in hepatitis C virus (HCV) related HCC cases. HCV-3a, which is the most prevalent genotype, is also most frequent in HCV related HCC. There was an increase in the proportion of non-B non-C (NBNC) HCC cases as well, which might be attributed to an increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence Acquisition: The age-standardized rate for HCC is 7.64/100 000 in males and 2.8/100 000 in females. Male to female ratio is 3.6:1. Usual age of presentation is in the fifth and sixth decade. Most patients present with advanced disease, as they are not in a regular surveillance program. This is more so for patients with NBNC chronic liver disease. As many sonologists in Pakistan are practicing without sufficient training to pick up early lesions, alpha-fetoprotein is still recommended to compliment ultrasound in the surveillance of HCC. Results: Majority of HCC patients present with nonresectable disease. Interventions such as transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, resection and chemotherapy including sorafenib are available in selected centers. Pakistan appears to be in an area of intermediate endemicity for HCC. There is a need for population based epidemiological studies to estimate the exact disease burden. Conclusions: Measures to prevent the spread of hepatitis C and B can slow down the epidemic rise in the incidence of HCC in the coming decades. There is a need to implement a proper surveillance program to identify HCC cases at an early stage