Finding sands in the eyes: vulnerabilities discovery in IoT with EUFuzzer on human machine interface

In supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems or the Internet of Things (IoT), human machine interface (HMI) performs the function of data acquisition and control, providing the operators with a view of the whole plant and access to monitoring and interacting with the system. The compromise of HMI will result in lost of view (LoV), which means the state of the whole system is invisible to operators. The worst case is that adversaries can manipulate control commands through HMI to damage the physical plant. HMI often relies on poorly understood proprietary protocols, which are time-sensitive, and usually keeps a persistent connection for hours even days. All these factors together make the vulnerability mining of HMI a tough job. In this paper, we present EUFuzzer, a novel fuzzing tool to assist testers in HMI vulnerability discovery. EUFuzzer first identifies packet fields of the specific protocol and classifies all fields into four types, then using a relatively high efficiency fuzzing method to test HMI. The experimental results show that EUFuzzer is capable of identifying packet fields and revealing bugs. EUFuzzer also successfully triggers flaws of actual proprietary SCADA protocol implementation on HMI, which the SCADA software vendor has confirmed that four were zero-day vulnerabilities and has taken measures to patch up

Cloning and characterization of a putative transcription factor induced by abiotic stress in Zea mays

bZIP transcription factors have been reported to play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Here, we reported the cloning and characterization of a putative bZIP transcription factor (ZmbZIP17) from maize inbred line Han21, which is up-regulated by drought treatment. The open reading frame sequence of ZmbZIP17 was obtained by using 5’RACE and RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that ZmbZIP17 encodes a polypeptide of 563 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of59.8 kDa and pI of 5.6. Southern blot analysis showed that ZmbZIP17 exists as a single copy gene in maize genome. Subcellular localization of ZmbZIP17 was identified in nucleus. The results of real-time PCR analysis indicated that ZmbZIP17 was up-regulated by drought, heat, ABA and NaCl stressimmediately, which suggested that ZmbZIP17 is an early stage responsive gene to various abiotic stresses. The result also showed that ZmbZIP17 expressed much higher in leaves than in other organs in maize seedlings

Research on temperature field and microstructure distribution of cross wedge rolling based on square billet

With the deepening and popularization of the cross wedge rolling process, the requirements for the cross wedge rolling blanks have become wider and wider. Relying only on the traditional round blanks will restrict the promotion of the cross wedge rolling process to a certain extent. The emergence of the square billet is a breakthrough in the selection of raw materials, but related research is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper conducts a finite element simulation for the rolling process of the square billet. Four characteristic points are taken on the longitudinal section of the billet to track the temperature change. Research on the law of field changes. At the same time, the change of the grain size and dynamic recrystallization percentage of the rolled piece during the rolling process is studied. Simulation and experiment are combined to obtain the change rule of the average grain size of the characteristic points of the longitudinal section of the billet with time

Research on temperature field and microstructure distribution of cross wedge rolling based on square billet

With the deepening and popularization of the cross wedge rolling process, the requirements for the cross wedge rolling blanks have become wider and wider. Relying only on the traditional round blanks will restrict the promotion of the cross wedge rolling process to a certain extent. The emergence of the square billet is a breakthrough in the selection of raw materials, but related research is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper conducts a finite element simulation for the rolling process of the square billet. Four characteristic points are taken on the longitudinal section of the billet to track the temperature change. Research on the law of field changes. At the same time, the change of the grain size and dynamic recrystallization percentage of the rolled piece during the rolling process is studied. Simulation and experiment are combined to obtain the change rule of the average grain size of the characteristic points of the longitudinal section of the billet with time

Study on Energy Saving of the Interlayer Ventilation Walla Used in Clean Operation Rooms

Recovery energy of the exhaust in air conditioning is very important to clean operating rooms. In disinfected operating rooms, we often use completely fresh air conditioning system in order to maintain cleanliness. All the return air of the air conditioning must be discharged. For recovering the exhaust energy, whole heat exchangers are used, and they may bring cross-infection in clean operating rooms. Cross-infection would negatively affect cleanness. This paper puts forward an air layer inside of a building's external wall that acts as a passageway for air conditioning exhaust, and also providing a place for the thermal exchange of the air conditioning exhaust. This kind of envelope is named an interlayer ventilation wall. There are two advantages. First, it will recover and reutilize the energy that the air conditioning exhaust takes, avoid cross-infection between the fresh air and the exhaust. Second, it will lower the energy loss of the heat exchange through the envelope. The energy saving effect will be very significant in clean operating rooms

Study on Energy Saving of the Interlayer Ventilation Walla Used in Clean Operation Rooms

Recovery energy of the exhaust in air conditioning is very important to clean operating rooms. In disinfected operating rooms, we often use completely fresh air conditioning system in order to maintain cleanliness. All the return air of the air conditioning must be discharged. For recovering the exhaust energy, whole heat exchangers are used, and they may bring cross-infection in clean operating rooms. Cross-infection would negatively affect cleanness. This paper puts forward an air layer inside of a building's external wall that acts as a passageway for air conditioning exhaust, and also providing a place for the thermal exchange of the air conditioning exhaust. This kind of envelope is named an interlayer ventilation wall. There are two advantages. First, it will recover and reutilize the energy that the air conditioning exhaust takes, avoid cross-infection between the fresh air and the exhaust. Second, it will lower the energy loss of the heat exchange through the envelope. The energy saving effect will be very significant in clean operating rooms

A digital grayscale generation equipment for image display standardization

The standardization of grayscale display is essentially significant for image signal communication, transmission, and terminal reading. The key step of this standardization is establishing a traceable equipment of grayscale. As a relative value, grayscale is transferred to two different absolute values to satisfy different traceability methods, including optical density for hardcopy image and luminance for softcopy. For luminance, a generation equipment is designed to build the relationship between luminance and grayscale. In this work, novel equipment is established using digital light processing (DLP) by time-frequency modulation, and the corresponding uncertainty is analyzed. The experiment result shows that this digital equipment builds the relationship between grayscale and luminance in the range of 0.16-4000 cd/m2. It enables traceable measurement of grayscale to luminance on this equipment with high accuracy and can provide a standardized reference for the display of grayscale images in the fields of medicine, remote sensing, non-destructive testing, etc.</jats:p