Combining Strong Convergence, Values Fast Convergence and Vanishing of Gradients for a Proximal Point Algorithm Using Tikhonov Regularization in a Hilbert Space

In a real Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$. Given any function $f$ convex differentiable whose solution set $\argmin_{\mathcal{H}}\,f$ is nonempty, by considering the Proximal Algorithm x_{k+1}=\text{prox}_{\b_k f}(d x_k), where $0<d<1$ and (\b_k) is nondecreasing function, and by assuming some assumptions on (\b_k), we will show that the value of the objective function in the sequence generated by our algorithm converges in order $\mathcal{O} \left( \frac{1}{ \beta _k} \right)$ to the global minimum of the objective function, and that the generated sequence converges strongly to the minimum norm element of $\argmin_{\mathcal{H}}\,f$, we also obtain a convergence rate of gradient toward zero. Afterward, we extend these results to non-smooth convex functions with extended real values

Phytoplankton of Aras dam reservoir (Iran): an attempt to assess water quality

The Aras reservoir, located in the north-west of Iran, plays an important role in fisheries, drinking and agricultural water supplies and recreational activities in the region. This study was performed to characterize the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton communities and their relationship with environmental factors in the Aras reservoir from August 2013 to May 2014. Sampling was carried out seasonally from 5 sampling locations. In each location three samples were taken for phytoplankton identification and enumeration, chemical analysis and chlorophyll a determination. In total, 72 species belonging to 5 divisions were determined. Cyanobacteria contained the highest density (74%) during the study period with Pseudanabaena limnetica as the most abundant species. This group retained its dominance the whole year round which indicated the poor quality and high nutrient load of the Aras reservoir, mainly due to human activities. On average, Trophic State Index (TSI) showed that water in the reservoir was eu-hypereutrophic. The results indicated that phytoplankton density negatively correlated with Secchi disc depth (R^2 = -0.479), total alkalinity (R^2 = -0.564), total hardness (R^2 = -0.727) and HCO_3 concentration (R^2 = -0.589). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the phytoplankton density and TP (R^2 = 0.734). A comparison between the present and a previous study indicated that the cyanobacterial bloom pattern in the Aras reservoir has shifted from warm season toward an all year round cycle which in addition to basin pollution due to anthropogenic activities, can be related to global warming and climate change

Evaluation of ecological status of the Persian Gulf inshore waters (Hormozgan rocky bottoms) using macrophytic communities and a macroalgae biological index, EEI

Marine benthic macrophytes (seaweed and seagrasses) are key structural and functional components of some of the most productive ecosystems of the world. They absorb nutrients through their surface directly from the marine environment and thus they are very important biological elements for the estimation of ecological status, representing reliable indicators of coastal waters. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological status and trophic level of Hormozgan rocky bottoms according to Ecological Evaluation Index (EEI). Sampling was done bi-monthly at seven stations at the intertidal rocky shores, west of Hormozgan Province. In this study a total of 63 species were identified, of which 15 species from seven genera belonged to green algae; 16 species from five genera belonged to brown algae; and 32 species from nine genera belonged to red algae. Coverage data of macroalgae and EEI indicate a high level of eutrophication for Saieh khosh, and Bostaneh. They are classified as zones with bad and poor ecological status, respectively. Also it has been proved that concentrations of biogenic elements and phytoplankton blooming are higher in these zones. The best values of the estimated metrics at Tahooneh and Michaeil could be explained with the good ecological conditions in those zones and the absence of pollution sources close to those transects. The values of abundance of macroalgae and EEI indicate moderate ecological conditions for Koohin, Lengeh and Chirooieh

An integrated fuzzy risk assessment for seaport operations

Seaport operations are characterised by high levels of uncertainty, as a result their risk evaluation is a very challenging task. Much of the available data associated with the system’s operations is uncertain and ambiguous, requiring a flexible yet robust approach of handling both quantitative and qualitative data as well as a means of updating existing information as new data becomes available. Conventional risk modelling approaches are considered to be inadequate due to the lack of flexibility and an inappropriate structure for addressing the system’s risks. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy risk assessment approach to facilitating the treatment of uncertainties in seaport operations and to optimise its performance effectiveness in a systematic manner. The methodology consists of a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, an evidential reasoning (ER) approach, fuzzy set theory and expected utility. The fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is used to analyse the complex structure of seaport operations and determine the weights of risk factors while ER is used to synthesise them. The methodology provides a robust mathematical framework for collaborative modelling of the system and allows for a step by step analysis of the system in a systematic manner. It is envisaged that the proposed approach could provide managers and infrastructure analysts with a flexible tool to enhance the resilience of the system in a systematic manner

Evaluation et prise en charge de l’envahissement mandibulaire dans les carcinomes epidermoïdes de la cavite orale et de l’oropharynx

Objectif : Le but de notre étude est l’évaluation de l’atteinte mandibulaire dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la cavité orale et de l’oropharynx. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective à propos de 34 patients colligés sur 6 ans (1999-2004) et ayant un carcinome épidermoïde de la cavité orale et/ou de l’oropharynx avec envahissement mandibulaire confirmé à l’anatomopathologie. L’atteinte mandibulaire a été évaluée par l’examen clinique,  l’orthopantomographie, la tomodensitométrie, et par les constatations peropératoires du chirurgien. Tous les patients ont eu un évidement ganglionnaire, une exérèse tumorale associée à une mandibulectomie segmentaire interruptrice ou conservatrice. Résultats : L’envahissement mandibulaire a été suspecté cliniquement chez 70,5% des patients devant l’adhérence de la tumeur à l’os. Après examen clinique et imagerie, cette atteinte a été diagnostiquée chez 88,2% des patients. Dans 11,8% des cas, l’atteinte n’a été suspectée qu’en peropératoire. L’examen histologique a confirmé l’atteinte osseuse chez tous les patients. La mandibulectomie segmentaire a été pratiquée chez 17 patients devant l’atteinte du canal mandibulaire. Vingt-huit patients ont eu une radiothérapie postopératoire à la dose moyenne de 64 Gy. Les taux de récidive, de métastase et de décès étaient respectivement de 11,7%, 17,6% et 17,6% pour les patients qui ont eu une mandibulectomie segmentaire, et de 23,5%, 17,6% et 23,5% pour ceux qui ont eu une mandibulectomie conservatrice. Par ailleurs, 76,5% et 29,5% des patients ayant eu respectivement une mandibulectomie segmentaire et une mandibulectomie conservatrice avaient une gêne fonctionnelle importante lors de l’alimentation. Conclusion : L’examen clinique, l’imagerie et l’examen peropératoire sont d’un apport capital dans l’évaluation de l’atteinte mandibulaire. Une atteinte épargnant le canal mandibulaire justifie une mandibulectomie conservatrice permettant d’avoir de meilleurs résultats esthétiques et fonctionnels tout en assurant un contrôle carcinologiquement satisfaisant.Mots clés : envahissement mandibulaire, carcinome épidermoïde, cavité orale, oropharynx, mandibulectomie segmentaire, mandibulectomie conservatric

Determination of the ecological status of rocky shores of Hormozgan Province through ecological study of seaweeds

Sampling was done from March 2012 until January 2013 from 7 locations. In this study, a total of 75 species of seaweeds (macroalgea) were identified, 17 of which were green algal species from 9 genera and 6 families; 18 were brown algal species from 7 genera and 4 families; and 40 species were red algae from 18 genera and 11 families. Sampling determined that Lengeh harbor, with 6 species, had the lowest diversity of green algae. Brown algae species diversity at Michael’s location was the highest with 10 species each; and Tahooneh had the lowest amount of species diversity with 5 species. Red algae species diversity at Michael’s location was the the highest with 28 species, and Sayeh Khosh had the lowest diversity with 13 species. The coverage data of macroalgae and the Ecological Evaluation Index indicated a high level of eutrophication for Sayeh Khosh, and Bostaneh. They are classified as zones with a bad and poor ecological status. It was proven that concentrations of biogenic elements and phytoplankton blooming were higher in these zones. The best values of the estimated metrics at Tahooneh and Michael’s could be explained with the good ecological conditions in those zones and the absence of pollution sources close to that transect. The values of the abundance of macroalgae and the Ecological Evaluation Index indicate moderate ecological conditions for Koohin, Lengeh and Chirooieh

Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: Methodology and application

We present and discuss a new dataset of gridded emissions covering the historical period (1850-2000) in decadal increments at a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees in latitude and longitude. The primary purpose of this inventory is to provide consistent gridded emissions of reactive gases and aerosols for use in chemistry model simulations needed by climate models for the Climate Model Intercomparison Program #5 (CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Our best estimate for the year 2000 inventory represents a combination of existing regional and global inventories to capture the best information available at this point; 40 regions and 12 sectors are used to combine the various sources. The historical reconstruction of each emitted compound, for each region and sector, is then forced to agree with our 2000 estimate, ensuring continuity between past and 2000 emissions. Simulations from two chemistry-climate models is used to test the ability of the emission dataset described here to capture long-term changes in atmospheric ozone, carbon monoxide and aerosol distributions. The simulated long-term change in the Northern mid-latitudes surface and mid-troposphere ozone is not quite as rapid as observed. However, stations outside this latitude band show much better agreement in both present-day and long-term trend. The model simulations indicate that the concentration of carbon monoxide is underestimated at the Mace Head station; however, the long-term trend over the limited observational period seems to be reasonably well captured. The simulated sulfate and black carbon deposition over Greenland is in very good agreement with the ice-core observations spanning the simulation period. Finally, aerosol optical depth and additional aerosol diagnostics are shown to be in good agreement with previously published estimates and observations

Advanced uncertainty modelling for container port risk analysis.

Globalization has led to a rapid increase of container movements in seaports. Risks in seaports need to be appropriately addressed to ensure economic wealth, operational efficiency, and personnel safety. As a result, the safety performance of a Container Terminal Operational System (CTOS) plays a growing role in improving the efficiency of international trade. This paper proposes a novel method to facilitate the application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in assessing the safety performance of CTOS. The new approach is developed through incorporating a Fuzzy Rule-Based Bayesian Network (FRBN) with Evidential Reasoning (ER) in a complementary manner. The former provides a realistic and flexible method to describe input failure information for risk estimates of individual hazardous events (HEs) at the bottom level of a risk analysis hierarchy. The latter is used to aggregate HEs safety estimates collectively, allowing dynamic risk-based decision support in CTOS from a systematic perspective. The novel feature of the proposed method, compared to those in traditional port risk analysis lies in a dynamic model capable of dealing with continually changing operational conditions in ports. More importantly, a new sensitivity analysis method is developed and carried out to rank the HEs by taking into account their specific risk estimations (locally) and their Risk Influence (RI) to a port's safety system (globally). Due to its generality, the new approach can be tailored for a wide range of applications in different safety and reliability engineering and management systems, particularly when real time risk ranking is required to measure, predict, and improve the associated system safety performance

Lung abscess as a complication of COVID-19 infection, a case report

To our knowledge, no previous studies have reported lung abscess as a complication of COVID-19 infection. It is essential to follow-up with the patients after discharge for such complications, especially if they are symptomatic. © 2021 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Estimation of the Global Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to global health outcomes. A methodological framework for evaluating the global health related outcomes of outdoor and indoor (household) air pollution is presented and validated for the year 2005. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5 re estimated with a combination of energy and atmospheric models, with detailed representation of urban and rural spatial exposures. Populations dependent on solid fuels are established with household survey data. Health impacts for outdoor and household air pollution are independently calculated using the fractions of disease that can be attributed to ambient air pollution exposure and solid fuel use. Estimated ambient pollution concentrations indicate that more than 80% of the population exceeds the WHO Air Quality Guidelines in 2005. In addition, 3.26 billion people were found to use solid fuel for cooking in three regions of Sub Saharan Africa, South Asia and Pacific Asia in 2005. Outdoor air pollution results in 2.7 million deaths or 23 million DALYs while household air pollution from solid fuel use and related indoor smoke results in 2.1 million deaths or 41.6 million DALYs. The higher morbidity from household air pollution can be attributed to children below the age of five in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia. The burden of disease from air pollution is found to be significant, thus indicating the importance of policy interventions