Phase calibration of spatial light modulators by means of Fresnel images

Reliable application of spatial light modulators (SLMs) as programmable diffractive optical elements requires a thorough calibration. In this paper, we propose a method for calibrating SLMs based on the evaluation of Fresnel images. Fresnel images generated by a binary phase diffraction grating consist of binary irradiance distributions whose visibility depends on the phase modulation. By displaying on our device a diffraction grating with a binary phase step along one direction and a linearly increasing phase along the orthogonal direction, we perform a complete phase calibration. In this way, the phase modulation for every pixel and for every value of the entrance signal can be determined experimentally. Additionally, data acquisition can be significantly simplified with this schem

John, Bishop of the Eastern Old Believer Church in Poland

Поступила в редакцию: 02.04.2020. Принята к печати: 29.06.2020.Submitted: 02.04.2020. Accepted: 29.06.2020.Целью статьи является представление личности Игнатия Яна Высочанского — выдающегося авантюриста, человека, который часто менял конфессии, получив два священнических рукоположения, действовал аморально (три с половиной года провел в тюрьме, имел три жены). Ему удалось три раза быть посвященным в епископы — коптской, старокатолической и старообрядческой (белокриницкой) церкви. Восстановление его жизненного пути и деятельности основано на архивных материалах, находящихся в Ольштынском государственном архиве и Музее Вармии и Мазур в Ольштыне, с использованием имеющейся литературы, связанной с Высочанским. Автором выявлены основные вехи бурной жизни Высочанского, связанные с его метаниями от одной конфессии к другой. В начале 1920-х гг. он был поставлен дьяконом обновленческой православной церкви, в 1930 г. — дьяконом униатской церкви, а уже в 1931 г. он оказался в рядах служителей старокатолической церкви Польши, из числа которых его исключили за недостойное поведение в 1932 г. После этого Высочанский пытался вступить в ряды сторонников армянско-католической церкви. В 1947 г. он был рукоположен в сан епископа старокатолической церкви. В 1953 г. Игнатий Высочанский познакомился со старообрядцами и с этого времени до конца жизни он был тесно связан с ними, став епископом Восточной старообрядческой церкви в Польше. От белокриницкой митрополии Высочанский получил юрисдикцию на территорию Западной Европы, Канады, Литвы, Латвии и Польши. Параллельно с этим он стал архиепископом и митрополитом старокатолической церкви Венгрии и Чехословакии. На соборе епископальной старообрядческой церкви, старокатолической церкви и священников-администраторов, состоявшемся в 1962 г. в Косеве, Высочанский создал религиозное общество — Христианскую миссию филантропии мира. Он пытался вовлечь в свою юрисдикцию старообрядцев-беспоповцев, но эти попытки потерпели фиаско. Умер Игнатий Высочанский в 1975 г.The aim of this article is to present the personality of Ignacy Jan Wysoczaǹski, an outstanding adventurist who frequently changed his religion, was twice ordained as a priest, and behaved immorally (he spent three and a half years in prison and had three wives). He managed to be consecrated three times as a bishop in the Coptic, Old Catholic, and Old Believer (Belaia Krinitsa) churches. This recreation of his life and activities is based on archival materials in the Olsztyn State Archive and the Museum of Warmia and Mazury (Olsztyn), along with literature connected to Wysoczaǹski. The article identifies the milestones of Wysoczaǹski’s stormy life as he darted from one religion to another. At the beginning of the 1920s, he became a deacon in the ‘renovationist’ Orthodox Church; then, in 1930, he joined the Uniate Church as a deacon. In 1931, he entered the clerical ranks of the Old Catholic Church in Poland, from which he was excommunicated in 1932 for unworthy behaviour. After this, Wysoczaǹski attempted to join the supporters of the Armenian Catholic Church. In 1947, he was consecrated as a bishop of the Old Catholic Church. In 1953, he became acquainted with the Old Believers: he remained closely connected with them until the end of his life, becoming a bishop of the Eastern Old Believer Church in Poland. From the Belaia Krinitsa metropolitanate, he received jurisdiction over Western Europe, Canada, Lithuania, Latvia, and Poland. In parallel, he became an archbishop and a metropolitan of the Old Catholic churches in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. In a church council convened in Kosiv in 1962 between the episcopal Old Believer Church, the Old Catholic Church, and other priestly administrations, Wysoczaǹski created a new religious society, the Christian Mission of World Philanthropy. He attempted to draw the priestless Old Believers under his jurisdiction, but these efforts devolved into a fiasco. He died in 1975

Imaging with extended focal depth by means of the refractive light sword optical element

The paper presents first experiments with a refractive light sword optical element (LSOE). A refractive version of the LSOE was prepared in photoresist by gray scale photolithography. Then we examined chromatic aberrations of the produced element and compared them with those corresponding to two different lenses. For this purpose we performed two experiments, the first one where white light illumination was used and the latter one by the help of monochromatic illumination with three different wavelengths. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the refractive LSOE does not exhibit significant chromatic aberrations and can be successfully used for imaging with extended depth of focus in polychromatic illuminationThis work was supported by Warsaw University of Technology, by National Institute of Telecommunications and by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+i), grant FIS2005-05020- C03-02 and FEDERS

Closed-loop adaptive optics with a single element for wavefront sensing and correction

We propose a closed-loop adaptive optical arrangement based on a single spatial light modulator that simultaneously works as a correction unit and as the key element of a wavefront sensor. This is possible by using a liquid crystal on silicon display whose active area is divided into two halves that are respectively programmed for sensing and correction. We analyze the performance of this architecture to implement an adaptive optical system. Results showing a closed-loop operation are reported, as well as a proof of concept for dealing with aberrations comparable to those typically found in human eyes

Strehl ratios characterizing optical elements designed for presbyopia compensation

We present results of numerical analysis of the Strehl ratio characteristics for the light sword optical element (LSOE). For comparison there were analyzed other optical imaging elements proposed for compensation of presbyopia such as the bifocal lens, the trifocal lens, the stenopeic contact lens, and elements with extended depth of focus (EDOF), such as the logarithmic and quartic axicons. The simulations were based on a human eye’s model being a simplified version of the Gullstrand model. The results obtained allow to state that the LSOE exhibits much more uniform characteristics of the Strehl ratio comparing with other known hitherto elements and therefore it could be a promising aid to compensate for the insufficient accommodation range of the human eye.This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under grants N N 514 149038 and N N 518 378237 as well as by the European Social Fund implemented under the Human Capital Operational Programme (POKL), project: “Preparation and Realization of Medical Physics Specialty” with complementary support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) grant FIS2008-03884S

Imaging properties of the light sword optical element used as a contact lens in a presbyopic eye model

The paper analyzes the imaging properties of the light sword optical element (LSOE) applied as a contact lens to the presbyopic human eye. We performed our studies with a human eye model based on the Gullstrand parameterization. In order to quantify the discussion concerning imaging with extended depth of focus, we introduced quantitative parameters characterizing output images of optotypes obtained in numerical simulations. The quality of the images formed by the LSOE were compared with those created by a presbyopic human eye, reading glasses and a quartic inverse axicon. Then we complemented the numerical results by an experiment where a 3D scene was imaged by means of the refractive LSOE correcting an artificial eye based on the Gullstrand model. According to performed simulations and experiments the LSOE exhibits abilities for presbyopia correction in a wide range of functional vision distances.This work was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under grant N N 514 149038 and by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), grant FIS2008-03884 with complementary support from the European Social Fund implemented under the Human Capital Programme (POKL), project, “Preparation and Realization of Medical Physics Specialty.”S

Family and identity. Catholic and non-Catholic intermarriage: attitudes to children, identity and sharing household responsibilities

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

QED in strong, finite-flux magnetic fields

Lower bounds are placed on the fermionic determinants of Euclidean quantum electrodynamics in two and four dimensions in the presence of a smooth, finite-flux, static, unidirectional magnetic field $B(r) =(0,0,B(r))$, where $B(r) \geq 0$ or $B(r) \leq 0$, and $r$ is a point in the xy-plane.Comment: 10 pages, postscript (in uuencoded compressed tar file

Contrast transfer characteristics of the light sword optical element designed for presbyopia compensation

The paper discusses the abilities of the light sword optical element (LSOE) for presbyopia compensation. The imaging properties are analyzed by means of the modulation transfer functions and output images of the star resolution test. All numerical calculations are performed assuming an optical set-up simulating the presbyopic human eye and based on the Gullstrand model. In order to have a meaningful comparison we expand our study and present adequate analysis for other elements potentially useful in ophthalmology as reading glasses, bifocal lenses and axicons. According to the obtained results the LSOE can successfully realize vision with an extended depth of field. The element makes possible the compensation of an assumed defocus up to 4 dioptres. The output images formed by the LSOE are well recognizable and have acceptable qualities for near as well as far object distances

Casimir Energies for Spherically Symmetric Cavities

A general calculation of Casimir energies --in an arbitrary number of dimensions-- for massless quantized fields in spherically symmetric cavities is carried out. All the most common situations, including scalar and spinor fields, the electromagnetic field, and various boundary conditions are treated with care. The final results are given as analytical (closed) expressions in terms of Barnes zeta functions. A direct, straightforward numerical evaluation of the formulas is then performed, which yields highly accurate numbers of, in principle, arbitrarily good precision.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, sub. Ann. Phy