Kontribusi Pendapatan Agroindustri Gula Kelapa terhadap Pendapatan Total Keluarga Perajin

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui 1) Besarnya pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa per bulan di Desa Sukanagara Kecamatan Lakbok Kabupaten Ciamis, 2) Besarnya pendapatan total keluarga perajin USAha gula kelapa per bulan di Desa Sukanagara Kecamatan Lakbok Kabupaten Ciamis, 3) Besarnya kontribusi pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa per bulan terhadap pendapatan total keluarga perajin di Desa Sukanagara Kecamatan Lakbok Kabupaten Ciamis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini analisis deskriptif dengan teknik survey. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh digunakan Analisis ekonomi yang meliputi analisa biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan dan kontribusi pendapatan USAha gula kelapa. Hasil dari penelitian dan pengolahan data menunjukan bahwa 1) Jumlah rata-rata pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa di Desa Sukanagara Kecamatan Lakbok Kabupaten Ciamis sebesar Rp 1.406.669,29 per bulan. 2) Jumlah rata-rata pendapatan total keluarga perajin di Desa Sukanagara Kecamatan Lakbok Kabupaten Ciamis sebesar Rp 1.902.663,61 per bulan. 3) Kontribusi pendapatan dari USAha gulakelapa terhadap pendapatan total keluarga perajin responden rata-rata sebesar 73,93% per bulan. Diharapkan Agroindustri gula kelapa dipertahankan bahkan ditingkatkan dengan cara penambahan modal sehingga diperoleh pendapatan yang lebih besar

Hubungan Kompetensi Penyuluh Dengan Karakteristik Pribadi, Persepsi Penyuluh Terhadap Dukungan Kelembagaan Dan Persepsi Penyuluh Terhadap Sifat Inovasi Cyber Extensión

EnglishCyber extension may empower agricultural extension workers through preparation of timely and relevant agricultural information in supporting decision making process to deliver information to the farmers. Many factors affect use of information technology. This study aims to analyze correlation among the extension workers' characteristics and perceptions towards institutional support with the extension workers' perceptions of innovation nature and the extension workers' competence in cyber extension use. The research uses the Spearman rank correlation (rs) for the analysis. Locations of study were carried out in the Regencies of Kuningan and Bekasi, West Java Province. Data were collected from October to December 2012.The results show that the extension workers' competence in using cyber extension have significant correlation with the extension workers' characteristic, i.e. age variable (rs = 0.114*). Perception on cyber extension innovation nature has a significant correlation with the extension workers' perception on the institutional support (rs = 0.371**). Competence in using cyber extension has a significant correlation with the extension workers' perceptions on institutional support (rs=0.19**). It is necessary to conduct some activities, i.e., mapping of agricultural extension workers' ability, designing cyber extension training for agricultural extension workers, implementing the field days for cyber extension utilization in Agricultural Extension Centers in regency level, building networks, and improving infrastructure of cyber extension facilities.IndonesianCyber extension dapat meningkatkan keberdayaan penyuluh melalui penyiapan informasi pertanian yang tepat waktu, dan relevan dalam mendukung proses pengambilan keputusan penyuluh, guna penyampaian data dan informasi pertanian kepada petani dan kelompok taninya. Permasalahannya adalah banyak faktor yang memengaruhi dalam pemanfaatan teknologi informasi tersebut, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik penyuluh, persepsi penyuluh terhadap dukungan kelembagaan dengan persepsi penyuluh terhadap sifat inovasi cyber extension dan kompetensi penyuluh dalam pemanfaatan cyber extensión. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mencari hubungan antar peubah, dengan metode sensus menggunakan korelasi Rank Spearman (rs). Lokasi penelitian Kabupaten Kuningan dan Bekasi, Provinsi Jawa Barat, dan waktu penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan nyata kompetensi penyuluh dalam pemanfaatan cyber extension dengan karakteristik penyuluh melalui indikator umur (rs= 0,114*). Persepsi penyuluh terhadap sifat inovasi cyber extension mempunyai hubungan nyata dengan persepsi penyuluh terhadap dukungan kelembagaan sebesar (rs= 0,371**). Kompetensi penyuluh dalam pemanfaatan cyber extension mempunyai hubungan nyata dengan persepsi penyuluh terhadap dukungan kelembagaan sebesar (rs= 0,19**). Kesimpulan adalah terdapat hubungan nyata antara karakteristik penyuluh dan persepsi penyuluh terhadap dukungan kelembagaan dengan persepsi penyuluh terhadap sifat inovasi cyber extension, dan terdapat hubungan nyata antara persepsi penyuluh terhadap sifat inovasi dengan kompetensi penyuluh dalam pemanfaatan cyberextension. Terdapat hubungan nyata antara karakteristik penyuluh dan pesepsi penyuluh terhadap dukungan kelembagan dengan kompetensi penyuluh dalam pemanfaatan cyber extension. Saran adalah membuat klasifikasi atau pemetaan terhadap kemampuan penyuluh, merancang pelatihan, membuka hari lapangan pemanfaatan cyber extension di Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Kecamatan, membangun jejaring kerjasama, dan meningkatkan fasilitasi sarana prasarana cyber extension

Exposure of Mental Health Nurses to Violence in Mental Hospital : a Systematic Review

Shortage of nurses and declining interest in becoming a mental health nurse are often attributed to workplacedistress and violence. These have become global issues and believed that shortage of nurses decreases the qualityof health care services. It leads distress among nurses, which is exposure to violence and traumatic experiences.In addition, nurses are also accused of seizing the rights of patients and committing violence against a patient.This paper focuses on the violence that occurred in mental health nurses during working in unpredictablesituation. A literature search of systematic review through the CINAHL, Medline, Google scholars and PsycInfodatabases, the empirical report using a nursing sample includes data on rates of violence exposure includingviolence, aggressive behavior, bullying, and sexual harassment. The result, a total of 400 articles provide dataon 2742 publications indicates near all of nurses in mental health experienced verbal abuse in the past month,furthermore, most of respondents' ever experienced psychological abuse, and less of respondents experiencedphysical violence and sexual harassment. Rates of exposure vary by world region (Developed countries, Asia,Europe and Middle East), with the highest rates for physical violence and sexual harassment in the USA,Australia, United Kingdom, New Zealand region, and the highest rates of psychological violence and bullyingin the Middle East. The presence of violence signals an "alarm" that violence against nurses calls for specialattention in many countries. Essentially, the world must give a "priority" to handling violence against nurses

Cellular infiltration in traumatic brain injury

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release cytokines and chemokines. These in turn rapidly recruit neutrophils, which assist in limiting the spread of injury and removing cellular debris. Microglia continuously survey the CNS (central nervous system) compartment and identify structural abnormalities in neurons contributing to the response. After some days, when neutrophil numbers start to decline, activated microglia and astrocytes assemble at the injury site—segregating injured tissue from healthy tissue and facilitating restorative processes. Monocytes infiltrate the injury site to produce chemokines that recruit astrocytes which successively extend their processes towards monocytes during the recovery phase. In this fashion, monocytes infiltration serves to help repair the injured brain. Neurons and astrocytes also moderate brain inflammation via downregulation of cytotoxic inflammation. Depending on the severity of the brain injury, T and B cells can also be recruited to the brain pathology sites at later time points

A review on data stream classification

At this present time, the significance of data streams cannot be denied as many researchers have placed their focus on the research areas of databases, statistics, and computer science. In fact, data streams refer to some data points sequences that are found in order with the potential to be non-binding, which is generated from the process of generating information in a manner that is not stationary. As such the typical tasks of searching data have been linked to streams of data that are inclusive of clustering, classification, and repeated mining of pattern. This paper presents several data stream clustering approaches, which are based on density, besides attempting to comprehend the function of the related algorithms; both semi-supervised and active learning, along with reviews of a number of recent studies

Robotic Semi-Automated Transcranial Doppler Assessment of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Post-Concussion Syndrome: Methodological Considerations.

Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) refers to a constellation of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its incidence and impact, the underlying mechanisms of PCS are unclear. We hypothesized that impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a contributor. In this article, we present our protocol for non-invasively assessing CA in patients with TBI and PCS in a real-world clinical setting. A prospective, observational study was integrated into outpatient clinics at a tertiary neurosurgical center. Data points included: demographics, symptom profile (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS]) and neuropsychological assessment (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated-Battery [CANTAB]). Cerebrovascular metrics (nMxa co-efficient and the transient hyperaemic-response ratio [THRR]) were collected using transcranial Doppler (TCD), finger plethysmography, and bespoke software (ICM+). Twelve participants were initially recruited but 2 were excluded after unsuccessful insonation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA); 10 participants (5 patients with TBI, 5 healthy controls) were included in the analysis (median age 26.5 years, male to female ratio: 7:3). Median PCSS scores were 6/126 for the TBI patient sub-groups. Median CANTAB percentiles were 78 (healthy controls) and 25 (TBI). nMxa was calculated for 90% of included patients, whereas THRR was calculated for 50%. Median study time was 127.5 min and feedback (n = 6) highlighted the perceived acceptability of the study. This pilot study has demonstrated a reproducible assessment of PCS and CA metrics (non-invasively) in a real-world setting. This protocol is feasible and is acceptable to participants. By scaling this methodology, we hope to test whether CA changes are correlated with symptomatic PCS in patients post-TBI

The potential use of service-oriented infrastructure framework to enable transparent vertical scalability of cloud computing infrastructure

Cloud computing technology has become familiar to most Internet users. Subsequently, there has been an increased growth in the use of cloud computing, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). To ensure that IaaS can easily meet the growing demand, IaaS providers usually increase the capacity of their facilities in a vertical IaaS increase capability and the capacity for local IaaS amenities such as increasing the number of servers, storage and network bandwidth. However, at the same time, horizontal scalability is sometimes not enough and requires additional strategies to ensure that the large number of IaaS service requests can be met. Therefore, strategies requiring horizontal scalability are more complex than the vertical scalability strategies because they involve the interaction of more than one facility at different service centers. To reduce the complexity of the implementation of the horizontal scalability of the IaaS infrastructures, the use of a technology service oriented infrastructure is recommended to ensure that the interaction between two or more different service centers can be done more simply and easily even though it is likely to involve a wide range of communication technologies and different cloud computing management. This is because the service oriented infrastructure acts as a middle man that translates and processes interactions and protocols of different cloud computing infrastructures without the modification of the complex to ensure horizontal scalability can be run easily and smoothly. This paper presents the potential of using a service-oriented infrastructure framework to enable transparent vertical scalability of cloud computing infrastructures by adapting three projects in this research: SLA@SOI consortium, Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI), and OpenStack

Tracking system using RFID for hiking activity with IoT technology

Hiking is popular in Malaysia because of the geographical factors that have a lots of mountains. Since this is an extreme activity, it gives a lot of risk for the hikers. There were 134 incidents in the mountains reported during 1996 until 2014 where 52 cases are about missing people. When encounter with missing people cases, it is difficult to pinpoint the last location of victim. Therefore, this project aimed to help the rescuer by providing them information of the victim’s last location by creating a tracking system using RFID in order to store data on each checkpoint along the hiking trails in memory card. This system also equipped with wifi which allowed the system send notification using Telegram Apps. The rescuers can extract the data from the memory card from each checkpoint to trace the last location of the victim before reported missing. By having this information, the rescuers will save a lot of time because they can estimate from which area they should start the search and rescue operation

Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes

Background/objectives: Some studies document relationships of the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with individual components of the diet, but studies exploring relationships with patterns of eating are lacking. This observational study aimed to explore a possible relationship between the incidence of GDM and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) pattern of eating. Subjects/methods: In 10 Mediterranean countries, 1076 consecutive pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT at the 24th-32nd week of gestation, interpreted both by the ADA-2010 and the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)-2012 criteria. The dietary habits were assessed by a previously validated questionnaire and a Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was computed, reflecting the degree of adherence to the MedDiet pattern of eating: a higher MDI denoting better adherence. Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes in the family, weight gain and energy intake, subjects with GDM, by either criterion, had lower MDI (ADA-2010, 5. 8 vs 6. 3, P=0. 028; IADPSG-2012, 5. 9 vs 6. 4, P<0. 001). Moreover, the incidence of GDM was lower in subjects with better adherence to the MedDiet (higher tertile of MDI distribution), 8. 0% vs 12. 3%, OR=0. 618, P=0. 030 by ADA-2010 and 24. 3% vs 32. 8%, OR=0. 655, P=0. 004 by IADPSG-2012 criteria. In subjects without GDM, MDI was negatively correlated with both fasting plasma glucose and AUC glucose, P<0. 001 for both. Conclusions: Adherence to a MedDiet pattern of eating is associated with lower incidence of GDM and better degree of glucose tolerance, even in women without GDM. The possibility to use MedDiet for the prevention of GDM deserves further testing with intervention studies.peer-reviewe

Crossing the (Wallace) line: local abundance and distribution of mammals across biogeographic barriers

Past and ongoing vertebrate introductions threaten to rearrange ecological communities in the Indo-Malay Archipelago, one of Earth's most biodiverse regions. But the consequences of these translocations are difficult to predict. We compared local abundance and distributions in four tropical mammal lineages that have crossed from Asia to Wallacea or New Guinea. The local abundance of macaques (Macaca spp.), which naturally crossed Wallace's Line, was higher in Sulawesi (east of the line; mean = 3.7 individuals per camera station, 95% CI = 2.2: 5.1) than in Borneo (west of the line; mean = 1.1, CI = 0.8: 1.4), but the local abundance of Malay civets (Viverra tangalunga), Rusa deer, and Sus pigs was similar in their native ranges and where they had been introduced by humans east of Wallace's Line. Proximity to rivers increased Malay Civet local abundance and decreased the local abundance of pigs in parts of their introduced ranges (Maluku and New Guinea, respectively), while having no effect on local abundance in their native ranges (Borneo) or other areas where they have been introduced (Sulawesi). That local abundance was higher east of Wallace's Line in just one of four mammal lineages is consistent with findings from plant invasions, where most species have similar abundance in their native and introduced ranges. However, species’ ecology may change as they enter new communities, for example, their patterns of abundance at local scales. This could make it difficult to predict community structure in the face of ongoing species introductions. © 2017 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservatio