Perkembangan Musik Dol Di Kota Bengkulu

Ensamble dol merupakan rangkaian musik untuk mengiringi dan sebagai pelengkap dalam upacara tabot. Berdasarkan aktivitas dan interaksi masyarakat Bengkulu mengenai peran musik dol tersebut, permasalahan untuk diteliti, yakni bagaimana perkembangan musik dol di kota Bengkulu. Adapun metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif untuk membantu membahas masalah tersebut dan memfokuskan deskripsi analisis. Perkembangan yang terjadi pada musik dol setelah dilakukan penelitian yakni pertama : musik dol yang sebelumnya sebagai media pendukung dalam suatu upacara, beralih fungsi menjadi sebuah pertunjukan komposisi musik yang disajikan untuk mengisi acara-acara umum di kota Bengkulu. Kedua : musik dol sebagai instrumen pelengkap dalam komposisi garapan baru. Ketiga : musik dol juga dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar di Sekolah dan Sanggar, hal ini berfungsi sebagai upaya pewarisan terhadap generasi baru dan juga merupakan upaya mendapatkan identitas kesenian tradisi kota Bengkulu serta menjadi aset bagi pariwisata kota Bengkulu

An FPGA-based divider circuit using simulated annealing algorithm

Division is considered as the slowest and most difficult operation among four basic operations in microprocessors. This paper proposes a unique division algorithm using a new approach of simulated annealing algorithm. A heuristic function is proposed to determine the global and local optimum value, whereas the conventional approaches use random values to reach the target value. In addition, a new temperature schedule is introduced for faster computation of global maxima/minima. The proposed simulated annealing performs better than the best known existing method of simulated annealing algorithm for smooth energy landscape due to the introduction of a new goal-based temperature. Thus, the proposed division algorithm computes the current partial remainder and quotient bits simultaneously per iteration which reduces the delay of the proposed divider circuit significantly. Moreover, the proposed divider circuit requires only two operations per iteration, whereas the exiting best one requires three operations per iteration. The proposed divider circuit is coded in VHDL and implemented in a Virtex-6 platform targeting XC6VLX75T Xilinx FPGA with a -3 speed grade by using ISE 13.1. The proposed divider circuit achieves an improvement of 36.17% and 44.67% respectively in terms of LUTs and delay factor for a 256 by 128 bit division over the best known contemporary FPGA-based divider circuit. It can be used into the designs of arithmetic logic unit, image processing and robotics system. The experimental result indicates that the divider takes fewer resources, and its performance is steady and reliable

A Cross Sectional Study of Farmland Prices in South Dakota 1976-1984

U.S. land prices experienced a skyrocketing trend with the increase of commodity prices during World War I, collapsed with prices in 1921, remained steady in the 1920\u27s, collapsed again with the farm prices in early 1930\u27s, recovered slowly as farm prices increased in the late 30\u27s and during World War II. In the lull between World War II and Korean War, farm prices and land values moved upward together. Consistent with the majority of regions in the United States, agricultural land prices in South Dakota also fluctuated during the first half of the twentieth century. South Dakota\u27s average farmland values increased from $39 per acre in 1910 to a peak of$71 per acre in 1920. Values then declined to a low of $12 per acre in 1941. Farmland prices then began another upward trend. South Dakota farmland values increased at a steady 3-5% annual rate from 1950 to 1973. From 1973 to 1981, farmland value increases accelerated to 17% per year with some year-to-year increases exceeding 25%. This boom in land values was directly related to rapid growth in export demand and major changes in international economic and trade policies. South Dakota farmland values peaked in late 1981 and early 1982 and have since declined. Changing federal economic policies and unfavorable export market developments have been the major contributing factors. It also has significant influences on the lending policies of the agricultural lenders, who usually are concerned with the security of their loan. Farmland prices influence property tax assessments, tax revenues, and publicly sponsored farm credit programs. Farmland price changes also have significant influence on investors who may wish to invest their capital in farm real estate. Various factors within and outside the domain of agricultural economy influence the change in farmland prices, e.g., expected returns, technological advance, location, tax policies and flexible exchange rates. In recent years, a strong dollar adversely affected the levels of agricultural exports commodity prices and farmland values. The factors that influence recent changes in agricultural land values in South Dakota are the underlying bases for this research effort

Health status of a snakehead (Channa punctatus) of two fish markets in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

An experiment was carried out for a period of six months during October 2008 to March 2009 to investigate the health status of a snakehead, Channa punctatus through clinical and histopathological technique. Fish were collected from two fish markets of Mymensingh district. Clinically and histopathologically, it was observed that fishes from both the markets were healthy in October and March but moderately affected in November and February. In the months of December and January, 7.5- 8% of the fishes were affected clinically and showing various clinical signs like, discolouration, deep ulcer, ill health, scale loss and rough skin. Histopathologically, in the month of December and January, major observed pathologies of skin and muscle were necrosis, vacuums, fungal granuloma and loss of dermis. Gills were affected having parasitic cysts, monogenetic trematode, clubbing, loss of primary and secondary gill lamellae, hemorrhage, necrosis and hypertrophy. Vacuoles, pyknosis, hepatic necrosis, hemorrhages and fungal granuloma were observed in liver. Renal pathology included necrosis and pyknosis of kidney tubules, hemorrhages, presence of bacterial colony and vacuoles. From present findings, it was found that, fishes from urban market were more affected with diseases than pre-urban market especially in the months of December and January when compared with other months. From overall observation, C. punctatus were severely affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), dactylogyrosis, protozoan and bacterial diseases during colder months of the year

2,4-Bis[(3-allyl­imidazolium-1-yl)meth­yl]mesitylene bis­(hexa­fluoridophosphate)

In the title mol­ecular salt, C23H30N4 2+·2PF6 −, the central benzene ring of the cation makes dihedral angles of 89.80 (8) and 85.23 (7)° with the pendant imidazole rings. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by numerous C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds, thereby forming a three-dimensional network

Development and characterisation of semi-crystalline composite granules: the effect of particle chemistry and the electrostatic charging

This study investigated the surface of semi-crystalline composite granules produced via a novel mechano-chemical process and assessed the effect of electrostatic charging. Ibuprofen (IBU), a model drug with low solubility and known associated processing challenges was loaded in composite granules to improve its processibility and dissolution rates. Synthetic amorphous mesoporous magnesium alumina metasilicate (MAS) was co-processed with hydrophilic HPMC polymer in the presence of polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG) and deionised water. The solid state analyses conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the existence of semi-crystalline IBU in the complex composite structures. Dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) study showed the water sorption and desorption profiles of the manufactured composite granules as well as the effect of water on the solid-state stability of IBU in various formulations. Advanced surface analysis conducted via energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) revealed homogenous distribution of the drug/excipients on the surface of the granules while atomic force microscopy (AFM) complemented the findings. The electrostatic charge analysis showed variable charge property which is affected by the size of the particles/granules. As expected, the in vitro dissolution study showed about 5 fold increase in the release rates of IBU compared to that of the bulk drug. The mechano-chemical processing has been demonstrated as an efficient technique to develop semi-crystalline composite granules with enhanced dissolution rates of water insoluble drugs

Selective Laser Melting processed Ti6Al4V lattices with graded porosities for dental applications

Dental implants need to support good osseointegration into the surrounding bone for full functionality. Interconnected porous structures have a lower stiffness and larger surface area compared with bulk structures, and therefore are likely to enable better bone-implant fixation. In addition, grading of the porosity may enable large pores for ingrowth on the periphery of an implant and a denser core to maintain mechanical properties. However, given the small diameter of dental implants it is very challenging to achieve gradations in porosity. This paper investigates the use of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to produce a range of titanium structures with regular and graded porosity using various CAD models. This includes a novel 'Spider Web' design and lattices built on a diamond unit cell. Well-formed interconnecting porous structures were successfully developed in a one-step process. Mechanical testing indicated that the compression stiffness of the samples was within the range for cancellous bone tissue. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) indicated the designed porosities were well-replicated. The structures supported bone cell growth and deposition of bone extracellular matrix