HR performance within Saudi Arabian organisations : is the relationship between 'job security and ill-treatment' and job satisfaction moderated by organisational support : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

HR performance, particularly employees’ performance, has been well researched in Western countries. However, many Asian countries, including the region of the Arabic Gulf, are still under-researched in relation to this subject. This present study quantitatively investigated employees’ performance in one of the Gulf countries, Saudi Arabia. In addition, it took into consideration the religion (Islam) as well as the cultural characteristics that may affect performance in the workplace. Particularly, the type of society (collectivistic), losing face issue and power distance are the cultural characteristics discussed in this study. Furthermore, the study used four variables, which are considered important in relation to employees’ performance in the Saudi context: job security, ill-treatment (independent variables), perceived organisational support (POS) as a moderating variable and job satisfaction (dependent/outcome variable). The research question for this study is “Is the relationship between job security and ill-treatment, and job satisfaction, moderated by organisational support?” Previous research indicates that relationships between these variables vary in terms of how much they impact employees’ job satisfaction and, therefore, their performance. Some studies suggest that job security increases employees’ job satisfaction which can result in better performance. Others claim that ill-treatment can be a source of job dissatisfaction and lower the quality of job performance as ill-treatment impacts employees physically and psychologically. In addition, POS was found to have positive effects on job satisfaction as a higher level of support from organisations can lead to higher job satisfaction and performance. This cross-sectional, quantitative study used a questionnaire as the data collection method. Measurement scales used in the study were previously used in other studies, which strengthens the internal validity of this study. The 424 participants who completed the survey were Saudi employees who were required to have worked for at least six months for the same employer as full-time employees in Saudi Arabia. Results from this study suggest that, on an individual level, all three variables (job security, ill-treatment, POS) predicted job satisfaction in Saudi organisations. However, the regression analysis showed that job security had the biggest effect on job satisfaction followed by ill-treatment. Also, the moderation analysis revealed that the relationship between job security and job satisfaction was partially moderated by POS. However, POS did not appear to moderate the relationship between ill-treatment and job satisfaction

Characterizations on microencapsulated sunflower oil as self-healing agent using In situ polymerization method

This paper emphasizes the characterization on the microencapsulation of sunflower oil as self-healing agent. In-situ polymerization method mainly implicates in the microencapsulation process. The analysis of microencapsulated sunflower oil via prominent characterization of yield of microcapsules, microcapsules characteristics and Fourier Transmission Infa-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The prime optimization used was reaction time of microencapsulation process in the ranges of 2, 3 and 4 h. The higher reaction time of microencapsulation process resulted in a higher yield of microcapsules. The yield of microcapsules increases from 46 to 53% respectively by the increasing of reaction time from 2 to 4 h. The surface morphology study associating the diameter of microcapsules measured to analyse the prepared microcapsules. It was indicated that microcapsules were round in shape with smooth micro-surfaces. It was discovered that the diameter of microcapsules during microencapsulation process after 4 h reaction time was in average of 70.53 μm. This size was measured before filtering the microcapsules with solvent and dried in vacuum oven. Apparently, after filtering and drying stage, the diameter of microcapsules specifically identified under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showing the size of 2.33 μm may be due to the removing the suspended oil surrounded the microcapsules. Sunflower oil as core content and urea formaldehyde (UF) as shell of microcapsules demonstrated the proven chemical properties on characterization by FTIR with the stretching peak of 1537.99 - 1538.90 cm-1 (-H in -CH2), 1235.49 - 1238.77 cm-1 (C-O-C Vibrations at Ester) and 1017.65 - 1034.11 cm-1 (C-OH Stretching Vibrations). It was showed that sunflower oil can be considered as an alternative nature resource for self-healing agent in microencapsulation process. The characterization of microencapsulated sunflower oil using in-situ polymerization method showed that sunflower oil was viable self-healing agent to be encapsulated and incorporated in metal coating

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Active Knowledge Sharing untuk Mencapai Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Larutan Asam dan Basa di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Tambang

Research has been done to get student's mastery learning with by using model Cooperative Active Knowledge Sharing inclassXI Science SMAN 2 Tambang. This researchis pra-experimentresearchwith one-shot study case design. The sampel use random from the five class XI Science. This research was conducted in class XI Science MIA 5, the for two month's from january to february 2015. Data analysistechnique by using five formula mastery.mastery individual learning objectives (KTPI), mastery each of the learning objectives (KMTP), classical mastery learning objectives (KTPK), mastery learning of individual (KI), mastery learning classical (CBC). Research for thefinal show that Classical mastery learning objectives 91.67%. and mastery learning classical is 90%. it's means thatthe application of Cooperative learning model of Active Knowledge Sharingcan achieve student's mastery learning on the subject of alkaline acid solution inclassXI MIA 5 SMAN 2 Tambang

Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia Menggunakan Tes Diagnostik Pilihan Ganda Tiga Tingkat (Three-tier Multiple Choice) Pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI Mia SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru

The aim of this research were to know misconceptions and the category level of misconceptions in the second year students of SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru aboutt concepts of chemical equallibrium. This research took place in SMA Negeri 2 Pekanbaru and the data were collected on April 2017. was all the students of XI MIA class of four classes. The population consisted of 161 students. The sample was all the population. This research was descriptive quantitative. The technique of collecting data used diagnostic test and interview. The result showed that students found misconception in the definition concept of chemical equallibrium with the percentage was 34,78% (category of average), for the concept of heterogen and homogen was 36,335% (average), the concept of dissociation degree was 33,54% (average), the concept of Kc measurement was 43,785% (average), the concept of Kp measurement was 27,55% (poor), the principle concept of Le Chatelier was 36,764% (average), the concept of using chemical equallibrium in world industry was 23,60% (poor)

Influence of substrate annealing on inducing Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy in TiO2 thin films deposited via RF magnetron sputtering

Nano-crystalline TiO2 has been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering at varied substrate temperatures ranging from 200 to 500 °C. The alteration of oxygen and titanium atom in TiO2 at uppermost surface is clearly observed on the effect of annealing temperature by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) technique. The measurement of peak to peak value of Ti and O transition line at 400 °C indicates the surface chemical state of O2 in TiO2 thin films defect at surface and Fermi level was analyzed using the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The Ti 2p observation of pre and post surface treatment shows the concentration of Ti3+ is seven times higher after post sputtered for sample 200 °C. Ti3+ decrease by increasing temperature. The Ti3+-oxygen vacancy which also assigned as Ti2O3 occurred in all sample, yet sample deposited at 400 °C gives nearest binding energy for Ti2O3. This observation also supported by The Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis which shows highest total ion count for positive polarity is O+ for sample at 300 °C and Ti ion dominant is Ti2O3 + for sample at 400 °C. Based on the analyses, it is clearly seen that high defect of Ti3+-oxygen vacancy which is located between surface layer and fermi level state, this defect levels was created at surface layer at low annealing temperature. However, increasing temperature leads to defect creation on bellow surface layer which consider as within fermi level laye

Pembentukan Komuniti Pembelajaran Profesional: Kajian Terhadap Sekolah Menengah Di Malaysia (Creating a Professional Learning Community: a Study of Malaysian Secondary Schools)

This study examines the preliminary results of a 3-year research on creating communities of learners. !? provide findings from principals, secondary leaders and teachers at 50 schools in Malaysia. The professional learning community (PLC) questionnaires, developed by Huffman and Hipp (2003) was used to collect data. The results showed that (i) the school can be classified as "high-readiness" in all five dimensions of a PLC's. It is apparent that there was an emergent integration of the five dimensions (shared leadership, shared values and vision, collective learning and application of learning, shared personal practices and a supportive school culture), which is a clear indicator that i) the schools were further developing as professional learning communities, ii) leaderships in the schools was seen to be participatory, accepting input into decision making as well as promoting and nurturing leadership among teachers, and iii) the principals were clearly dominant as learners encouraging and promoting the schools as learning communities

Investigation on Aromaticity Index and Double-Bond Equivalent of Aromatic Compounds and Ionic Liquids for Fuel Desulphurization

Aromaticity index (AI) and double-bond equivalent (DBE) were studied to seek a simpler approach in identifying suitable ionic liquids for the desulphurization process. Manifestation of interaction mechanism by COSMO-RS and Raman spectroscopy is discussed. The findings demonstrate that AI and DBE calculations can be used to analyze and arrogate potential combination of cation and anion for fuel desulphurization purposes

Professional Learning Community in Secondary Schools Community in Malaysia

This paper outlines a research towards an initial assessment of the stage of the PLC in secondary schools in Malaysians secondary school with teachers as the main focus. A brief philosophy of the importance of learning organization and its development in various countries was reviewed and incorporated by the current situations, leading to the objectives and methodology for this study. The result showed the teachers can be active in their learning and improving their schools as to enhance the learning performance of the students in the first four characteristic dimensions refer to the practice of shared values, goals, mission and vision among teachers which play an important role in shaping the PLC in secondary school