On the Necessity of Using Lottery Qualities

The aim of this paper is to propose a model of decision-making for lotteries. The key element of the theory is the use of lottery qualities. Qualities allow the derivation of optimal decision-making processes and are taken explicitly into account for lottery evaluation. Our contribution explains the major violations of the expected utility theory for decisions on two-point lotteries and shows the necessity of giving explicit consideration to the lottery qualities.Lottery choice, common ratio, preference reversal, pricing, lottery test, cognitive process, certainty equivalent, lottery quality

Lottery Qualities

The aim of this paper is to propose a model of decision-making for lotteries. Lottery qualities are the key concepts of the theory. Qualities allow the derivation of optimal decision-making processes and are taken explicitly into account for lottery evaluation. Our contribution explains the major violations of the expected utility theory for decisions on two-point lotteries and shows the necessity of giving explicit consideration to lottery qualities. Judged certainty equivalent and choice certainty equivalent concepts are discussed in detail along with the comparison of lotteries. Examples are provided by using different test results in the literature.Lottery choice, common ratio, preference reversal, pricing, lottery test, cognitive process, certainty equivalent

Testing Explanations of Preference Reversal: a Model

When Cubitt, Munro and Starmer (2004) presented their new experimental investigation of preference reversal, they pointed out that their test results cannot be explained by any of the best-known explanations proposed by economists and psychologists. In this paper we propose a model based on lotteries qualities to explain these new test results.Standard preference reversal, counter preference reversal, choice task, money valuation task, probability valuation task, lottery, test

L’importance de la procédure dans les choix de loteries

À l’aide d’une revue de littérature, nous expliquons les motivations qui ont entraîné la création de la théorie de l’espérance d’utilité. Nous montrons que le passage de cette théorie du rôle d’outil normatif à celui de problème de recherche fondamentale est la conséquence de l’arrivée de nombreux tests encore non expliqués. Par la suite nous discutons de la pertinence de considérer la procédure employée par le décideur comme étant le point important à la base des modèles.Using a literature review we explain the motivations for the elaboration of expected utility theory. We show that the transformation of the role of this theory from being a normative tool to become a fundamental research problem is due to the numerous tests not yet explained. Then we discuss on the relevance of considering the procedure used by the decision maker to be the basic concept

L’importance de la procédure dans les choix de loteries

Using a literature review we explain the motivations for the elaboration of expected utility theory. We show that the transformation of the role of this theory from being a normative tool to become a fundamental research problem is due to the numerous tests not yet explained. Then we discuss on the relevance of considering the procedure used by the decision maker to be the basic concept. À l’aide d’une revue de littérature, nous expliquons les motivations qui ont entraîné la création de la théorie de l’espérance d’utilité. Nous montrons que le passage de cette théorie du rôle d’outil normatif à celui de problème de recherche fondamentale est la conséquence de l’arrivée de nombreux tests encore non expliqués. Par la suite nous discutons de la pertinence de considérer la procédure employée par le décideur comme étant le point important à la base des modèles.

The larvae of Amarodytes duponti (Aubé) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with comments on Bidessini larval morphology and chaetotaxy

Larval morphology of the Neotropical endemic dytiscid genus Amarodytes Régimbart is investigated. All three larval instars of A. duponti (Aubé) are described and illustrated with particular emphasis on morphometry and chaetotaxy. Larvae of A. duponti share with those of other Bidessini studied in detail the absence of the primary pore ABc. Contrary to other first instar Bidessini, A. duponti characterizes by the presence of an occipital suture and the absence of pores PAj and PAk. Amarodytes duponti is related to Allodessus bistrigatus (Clark) by the presence of secondary setae on the first urogomphomere, a unique feature among the Bidessini.Fil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University; Canad

Larval description and phylogenetic placement of the Australian endemic genus Barretthydrus Lea, 1927 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Hydroporini: Sternopriscina)

The larvae of the Australian endemic species Barretthydrus tibialis Lea, 1927 and Barretthydrus geminatus Lea, 1927 are described and illustrated for the first time, with detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. A parsimony analysis based on 118 informative larval characteristics of 34 species in all 10 tribes of the subfamily Hydroporinae was conducted using the program TNT. No clear larval morphological synapomorphies support the monophyletic origin of the tribe Hydroporini. Compared to other known larvae of Hydroporini, Barretthydrus Lea is postulated to share a closer phylogenetic relationship with Antiporus Sharp, which reinforces their inclusion in the subtribe Sternopriscina.Fil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University. Department of Biology; CanadáFil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Hendrich, L.. Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen; AlemaniaFil: Watts, Chris H. S.. South Australian Museum; Australi

Morfología y quetotaxia de larvas neotropicales de Haliplus (Coleoptera: Haliplidae)

Larvae of 2 Neotropical species of Haliplus Latreille, 1802 (H. indistinctus Zimmermann, 1928 and H. subseriatus Zimmermann, 1921) are described and illustrated including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, and legs. Except for the legs, this is the first treatment of larval primary chaetotaxy for the family Haliplidae. The larvae studied herein have 10 abdominal segments, with segment X forking into 2 caudal projections, 1 pretarsal claw, a clasping device on prothoracic legs, and numerous short tracheal gills on the body, characteristics typically found in haliplid larvae. Regarding primary chaetotaxy, they are characterized by the absence of several setae and pores which are commonly present among other families of Hydradephaga, namely seta FR6 on the frontoclypeus, seta PA16 on the parietal, setae AN2 and AN3 and pore ANg on the antenna, setae MX13 and MX14 on the maxilla, and seta CO6 on the coxa. Mandibular seta MN2 is also strongly developed as compared to other hydradephagans. The larvae of the 2 described species can be separated by comparing the distance from the base of segment X to the point at which it forks into caudal projections.Se describen e ilustran las larvas de 2 especies neotropicales de Haliplus Latreille, 1802 (H. indistinctus Zimmermann, 1928 y H. subseriatus Zimmermann, 1921), incluyendo análisis detallados de la morfometría y quetotaxia de la cápsula cefálica, apéndices cefálicos y patas. Excepto por las patas, este es el primer tratamiento de la quetotaxia primaria larval para la familia Haliplidae. Las larvas estudiadas presentan 10 segmentos abdominales, con el segmento X biburcado en 2 proyecciones caudales, 1 única uña pretarsal, 1 dispositivo de agarre en las patas protorácicas, y numerosas branquias traqueales cortas en el cuerpo, todas características típicamente encontradas en larvas de halíplidos. Con respecto a la quetotaxia primaria, están caracterizadas por la ausencia de varias setas y poros que están comúnmente presentes en otras familias de Hydradephaga, como la seta FR6 en el frontoclípeo, la seta PA16 en el parietal, las setas AN2 y AN3 y el poro ANg en la antena, las setas MX13 y MX14 en la maxila, y la seta CO6 en la coxa. Además, la seta mandibular MN2 está fuertemente desarrollada en comparación con la de otros hidradéfagos. Las larvas de las 2 especies descritas pueden separarse comparando la distancia desde la base del segmento X hasta el punto en el cual éste se bifurca en las proyecciones caudales.Fil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Archangelsky, Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal; ArgentinaFil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University; Canad

Notation of primary setae and pores on larvae of Dytiscinae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), with phylogenetic considerations

An analysis of the primary setae and pores of first instars of 13 species of Dytiscinae was performed to deduce the ancestral system of primary setae and pores of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphus. One hundred and thirty-one setae, 69 pores and three setal groups have been assigned to the ground-plan pattern of the dytiscine larva, 27 setae and 20 pores on the head capsule; 30 setae, 25 pores and three setal groups on the cephalic appendages; 51 setae and 18 pores on the legs; 15 setae and three pores on the last abdominal segment; and eight setae and three pores on the urogomphus. A hypothesis of the phylogeny of the tribes of Dytiscinae is presented on a cladistic analysis of first instar chaetotaxy characters conducted using the program TNT. All tribes of Dytiscinae were included with larger tribes represented by multiple genera. Our concept of the subfamily Dytiscinae as defined on the basis of first instar chaetotaxy was found separated into three distinct clades: (1) Cybistrini, (2) Dytiscini + Hyderodini, and (3) Aubehydrini + Hydaticini + Eretini + Aciliini. The proposed relationships of the tribes of Dytiscinae are ((Cybistrini + (Hyderodini + Dytiscini)) + (Aubehydrini + (Hydaticini + (Eretini + Aciliini)))). Characters useful for phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily are described and illustrated.Fil: Alarie, Yves. Laurentian University. Department of Biology; CanadáFil: Michat, Mariano Cruz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria; ArgentinaFil: Miller, Kelly B.. University of New Mexico; Estados Unido