Digital Twin for Smart Cities: An Enabler for Large-Scale Enterprise Interoperability

In a context of increasingly connected production systems and ambient intelligence, the digital twin is an approach that is becoming increasingly popular to help control and pilot such systems. The interest for the digital twin is to be able to meet a need for modeling and piloting as close as possible to the physical system and a better anticipation of behavior. How, in this context, the question of the composition of digital twins to model a system of systems, where each system already has its own digital twin? This paper examines such a question from the perspective of digital twin for smart cities. The position adopted here is the concept of Digital Industrial Territories, a middleware for large scale interoperability between digital twins of enterprises involved in multiple supply chains (energy, transport, health, etc.). © 2022 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved

STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM CASSIA SIEBERIANA ROOT BARK AND KHAYA GRANDIFOLIOLA TRUNK BARK: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

Objective: Cassia sieberiana and Khaya grandifoliola are two plants commonly used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire. Photochemical screening of crud extract obtained from C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark revealed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, reducing sugars, glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Methods: Quantitative analysis was screened in C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark. Results: The results respectively showed high concentrations of total phenols (225.57±7.57 and 186.75±12.76 μgGAE/mg), total flavonoids (64.70±5.25 and 117.88±8, 68 μgQE/mg) and total tannins (170.60±5.85 and 39.96±1, 58 μgTAE/mg). The antioxidant activity of the glycosides extracts CS1, KG1 and their corresponding aglycones CS2, KG2 of these plants has been studied by scavenging free radicals by DPPH and that, compared with L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, IC50 = 0.07 µg/ml). IC50 values of CS1 (2.69 µg/ml), KG1 (3.16 µg/ml) and CS2 (1.30 µg/ml), KG2 (0.726 µg/ml) showed that the aglycones are clearly more effective than the glycosides. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of Cassia sieberiana root bark and Khaya grandifoliola trunk bark showed a presence of a variety of secondary metabolites in these plants, when the quantitative analysis concludes that they contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins to varied contents

A Simulation Based Approach to Digital Twin’s Interoperability Verification & Validation

The digital twins of production systems are one of the pillars of the Indus-try of the Future. Despite numerous on-going research and development initiatives the verification and validation of the digital twin remains a major scientific obstacle. This work proposes a simulation-based approach to achieve this goal: support Digital Twin verification and validation through the definition of a dedicated framework. A simulation model is used in place of the real-world system for ensuring the digital twin behaves as expected and for assessing its proper interoperability with the system to be twinned with. Then the simulation model is replaced by the real-world sys-tem, to interoperate with the verified and validated digital twin. With such an approach, the interoperability middleware, i.e. the IoT between the sys-tem and its digital twin can also be modeled, simulated, verified and vali-dated. Consequently, an optimized solution can be built for an entire value chain, from the system to its digital twin and conversely. © 2022 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved

Malaria vaccines: Genomic search for profiling naturally acquired immunity

Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide. Despite many efforts to control or to eliminate the disease many malaria cases and deaths are still reported. The current measures to control malaria include quick diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases, vector control strategies, active research for malaria vaccine discovery and new drugs. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the common and affordable antimalarial drugs as well as the resistance of the malaria vector to usual insecticides has been reported. An effective and affordable malaria vaccine would be the most important tool to control malaria. To date there is no licensed malaria vaccine. Traditional approaches toward malaria vaccine discovery have shown their limitations because of the limited number of proteins that were evaluated. The completion of the genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum as well as the availability of the high throughput protein microarray immunoassay and other bioinformatic approaches offer the possibility to accelerate and to widen research on malaria vaccine candidates. The harnessing of the well-established model of the naturally acquired immunity (NAI) developed in people living in malaria endemic areas is an important way for the discovery of novel malaria vaccine candidates. Protein microarray is a high throughput technology, which allows the profiling of the humoral immune response to many proteins expressed at different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle in a single experiment. However, despite the hope generated by the sequencing of P. falciparum malaria genome no antigen identified by the protein microarray technology has yet been developed as a potential vaccine. On the other hand identification of structurally stable domains with limited or no polymorphism has led to the development of one candidate tested in phase 1a and 1b clinical trials

Influence des Matériaux de Protection des Puits Traditionnels à Usage Domestique sur la Qualité de l’Eau : Cas de la Commune de Yopougon (Côte d’Ivoire)

Les puits traditionnels à usage domestique constituent une source importante en eau pour une frange partie de la population du district d’Abidjan. Étudier la qualité de cette eau est une nécessité. C’est pourquoi ce travail a été initié. Il a pour objectif d’étudier l’impact des matériaux de protection des puits traditionnels à usage domestique sur la qualité des eaux. Pour mener à bien cette étude nous avons identifié par enquête cinq (5) puits traditionnels issus de la même zone géologique. Parmi ces puits choisis, quatre (4) possèdent des matériaux de protection tels que les pneus d’automobiles, les fûts métalliques, le plastique PVC (polychlorure de vinyle) et les briques de ciment au niveau du cuvelage. Quant au cinquième qui représente le puits témoin, il ne possède pas de matériaux de protection en occurrence le cuvelage. Les eaux de ces puits ont été soumises à des analyses physico-chimiques sur la base de la norme française et celles décrites par Rodier et al. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le fer et la silice qui sont des constituants chimiques des pneus d’automobiles, des briques et le plastique PVC sont en concentrations très importantes dans les eaux dont les cuvelages sont confectionnés à partir de ces matériaux. Les différents éléments chimiques (silice et fer) se retrouvent dans ces eaux par les réactions de dissolution et d’oxydation.   Traditional wells for domestic use are an important source of water for part of the population of the Abidjan district. It is essential to study the quality of this water. That is why this study was initiated, with the aim of studying the impact of materials used to protect traditional domestic wells on water quality. To carry out this study, we identified five (5) traditional wells by means of a survey. Four (4) of these wells had protective materials such as car tyres, metal drums, PVC plastic and cement bricks in the casing. The fifth, the control well, has no protective materials. Their water was subjected to physico-chemical analysis. These analyses were carried out using French standard methods and those described by Rodier et al. Iron and silica, which are chemical constituents of car tyres and bricks, and PVC plastic exclusively in the case of silica, were found in very high concentrations in the water whose casings were made from these materials, compared with the control well. In fact, the control well is uncased and shares the same geological nature as the other cased wells. The various chemical elements (silica and iron) are found in this water through dissolution and oxidation reactions. The physico-chemical parameters of the wells with casings were compared with those of the control wells using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test, and the well waters were divided into groups using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Abcès cérébral compliquant une cardiopathie congénitale: à propos de 7 cas à l’institut de cardiologie d’Abidjan

Le diagnostic précoce des cardiopathies congénitales (C.C) a une incidence positive sur leur évolution. En effet diagnostiquées tard ou non traitées elles peuvent se compliquer. L'abcès cérébral est une complication des C.C cyanogènes qui est rare dans les pays développés. Notre objectif était d'analyser à travers une revue bibliographique les particularités de 7 cas de C.C compliquées d'abcès cérébral découvertes et prises en charge dans un service de cardiologie pédiatrique de l'Institut de Cardiologie d'Abidjan. La tétralogie de Fallot était la cardiopathie congénitale la plus fréquente. Le traitement a été médical et/ou chirurgical. Seule la réalisation de la cure complète des cardiopathies congénitales peut permettre la prévention de l'abcès cérébral.Key words: Abcès cérébral, cardiopathie congénitale, tétralogie de Fallo

Annual population dynamics of mango fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in West Africa: Socio-economic aspects, host phenology and implications for management

Losses in West African commercial mango orchards due to fruit fly infestations have exceeded 50% by the middle of the crop season since 2005, resulting in considerable income loss for the growers. Materials and methods. In 2009, weekly monitoring of adult fruit fly species of economic significance was carried out in eight West African countries at 12 sites across five agro-ecological zones: (i) Humid Forest, (ii) Guinean savanna, (iii) Southern Sudan, (iv) Northern Sudan, and (v) Sahelian. Trapping was performed using methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate in 288 Tephritraps, targeting Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra. Results. The data showed that B. Invadens was present throughout the year in the Forest zone, abundant for 7 months, with a peak in May at the end of the mango season, C. cosyra being totally absent. In the Guinean savanna zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6-7 months, with a peak at the beginning of June coinciding with the season, with a few C. cosyra. In the Southern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 6 months, with a peak in mid-June during the season, C. cosyra peaking in April. In the Northern Sudan zone, B. invadens was abundant for 5 months, with a peak at the end of June at the end of the season, C. cosyra peaking in May. In the Sahelian zone, B. invadens was abundant for 4 months, peaking in August during the sea-son, C. cosyra peaking just before. These preliminary results showed that the exotic species, B. invadens, was present at high levels [mean peak of 378 flies per trap per day (FTD)] in all agro-eco-logical zones, while the native species, C. cosyra, preferred the drier zones of West Africa, with lower population levels (mean peak of 77 FTD).Conclusion. Detection trapping of male flies with parapheromones is a useful indicator of field population levels and could be used to deploy control measures (IPM package) in a timely manner when the Economic Injury Level is reached. Control strategies for these quarantine mango fruit fly species are discussed with respect to agro-ecological zones and the phenological stages of the mango tree. (Résumé d'auteur

Prevalence of P. falciparum Gametocyte Carrying between Two Sympatric Ethnic Groups Living in Seasonal Malaria Transmission Setting of Burkina Faso after Universal Bed Nets Coverage Campaigns

Aims: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocyte carriage in two sympatric ethnic groups living in seasonal malaria transmission setting in Burkina Faso. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to November 2017 in children aged from 2 to 12 years and living in Barkoundouba, avillage located at the Northeast part of Ouagadougou, capital city of Burkina Faso. The study participants were subject to clinical examination including axillary temperature. Blood samples were collected from finger pricks to performed RDT and blood smears for malaria diagnosis and on filter paper for molecular detection of the parasite. Any case of fever (temperature ≥ 37.5°C) with RDT positive was treated according to national guideline. Methodology: We included 461 patients in this study. P. falciparum presence and densities were determined by microscopy using Giemsa-stained thick blood smears. The nested PCR was used to confirm the presence of the asexual parasites assessed by the microscopy. Results: P. falciparum prevalence assessed by microscopy was 83 (32.55%) and 103 (50%) for Fulani and Mossi respectively, whereas the prevalence by nested PCR was 88 (39.11%) for Fulani and 121 (68.75%) for Mossi. The gametocyte carriage in the two ethnic groups was: 3.53% for Fulani and 11.65% for Mossi. The prevalence ratio for P. falciparum asymptomatic and gametocyte carriers was 1.5 and 3 in favor of Mossi group respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the Fulani have a lower prevalence of P. falciparum compared to the Mossi group despite the decrease of parasitemia and prevalence in both groups compared to previous studies