Magmatic signature of the closure of the north ern branch of the Neo-Tethys: upper paleocene-middle eocene magmatism at the boundary of the TavêanlÏ Sakarya Zone (Turkey)

Nu mer ous plutons com posed of gran ite, granodiorite, diorite-por phyry, monzonite, granodiorite-por phyry and diorite/microdiorite-por phyry oc cur at the bound ary of the TavêanlÏ-Sakarya Zone, in the east ern part of the north west ern Ana to lian mag matic belt, Tur key. These rocks be long to two dif fer ent types: A me dium-K calc-al ka line granodiorite se ries (with as so ci ated dykes and sub-vol ca nic rocks) and a shoshonitic se ries of gran ites. The rocks of the shoshonitic se ries have SiO2 from 67.5 to 75.6 wt.% with Mg# from 35.1 to 59.5, whereas the me dium-K calc-al ka line se ries rocks have SiO2 be tween 54.6 and 67.7 wt.% with Mg# from 43.5 to 60.8. There is a clear en rich ment of LILE with re spect to the HFSE in all mag matic units of the re gion. These mag matic rocks re flect prop er ties of col li sion-re lated arc magmatism in the var i ous geo chem i cal dis crim i na tion di a grams. The ini tial 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd istopic ra tios of the mag matic units range from 0.705506 to 0.710902 and 0.512178 to 0.512594, re spec tively. Col li sion-re lated granitoids yielded a 40Ar/39Ar cool ing age age of 59.13 ±1.87 Ma, and arc-re lated granitoids and as so ci ated sub-vol ca nic units 44.3 ±0.47 and 44.11 ±0.89 Ma. The data ob tained re vealed that con ti nent-con ti nent col li sion in the Paleocene to gether with the ini ti a tion of the clo sure of the Neo-Tethys took place be tween the Anatolide-Tauride Plat form and Sakarya Plate from the end of the Cre ta ceous. The shoshonotic gran ite may cooled in the Mid dle Paleocene, as re gards the subduction-ac cre tion zone in which subduction im pacts have been observed. The me dium-K calc-al ka line mag matic prod ucts in the re gion were formed by par tial melt ing of the con ti nen tallithospheric man tle caused by the upwelling of asthenospheric man tle af ter the subducted slab was de lami nated

Raman spectroscopic characteristics of melanite bearing foid syenites: Yozgat intrusive complex

The foid bearing syenites within the Yozgat Intrusive Complex (YIC), have coarse crystalline, euhedral, dark-black coloured in hand specimen melanite type garnet. They are mainly crop out in Sivritepe, Gedikhasanlı, Mükremin, Karlı hills and Çağlayan vicinity. Foid bearing syenites generally are in the composition of pyroxene syenite, foid syenite, melanite bearing foid syenite, foid syenite porphyry and pyroxene bearing foid syenite porphyry. The scope of this study, is to use the Raman spectra of melanites of the foid syenites to evaluate their significant behavior in the crystallization process of the unit. Melanites are represent the member of the black andradite type of the garnet group. Melanite, is crystallized from the silica undersaturated magma with the Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 chemical formula. Melanites exhibit clear with high spectrum in Raman spectroscopic determinations due to the silicate structure form and their high symmetrical habit within the crystal systems. The melanites are dark brown in color, euhedral shape, with high optical relief and are isotropic under the polarizing microscope. Raman spectra of melanites are identical with the andradite in composition and generally show Raman shift peaks in the range of 170-1000 cm-1. The melanite has 13 spectra in the total, of the 12 spectra of these spectra are asymmetrical and only one spectra has symmetrical character. Three groups of Raman spectra of the melanitetype are identical with the andradites Raman spectra. These are distributed as 371 cm-1, 522 cm-1 and 879 cm-1 respectively. The Raman spectra of the melanites are obtained in two main regions: (a) external vibration below 400 cm-1 and (b) internal vibration above 400 cm-1. The first part of the external vibration up to 400 cm-1 is related to SiO4 tetrahedra and divalent cations. The internal vibration of these garnets belongs to the SiO4 and their spectra are wavenumber ranges of 400-1050 cm-1. Si-O bending modes are observed in the spectral region between 400 and 600 cm-1, and Si-O stretching modes are observed in the spectral region between 700 and 1050 cm-1. The compositional spectra and vibrational modes of the melanites in the YIC show that the crystallization and differentiation processes have been affected by the interaction of different sources of the components rather than the pure main silica undersaturated magma during their crystallization

Origin of Ankara Castle Rampart Building Stones

In order to properly protect and restore cultural assets, it is important to correctly identify the natural materials used in historical buildings and determine the origin of these materials and the quarries they were taken from. This study therefore examines the rampart building stones of Ankara Castle, which is one of the most important historical buildings in the city, and determines the locations of the quarries used in its construction. In the study, samples were taken from the castle, rampart walls and the rocks in the castle's foundation. The samples were then compared mineralogically, petrographically and geochemically with other samples taken from quarries where the stones may possibly have originated from. Ankara Castle, which is located in the Altındağ district of Ankara, is comprised of an inner and an outer castle. The castle was basically built on vertically articulated andesite rock and has the same composition as the rampart stones. Brick and limestone were also used in certain parts of the rampart walls. The rampart stones are mainly composed of pink porphyroafanitic textured andesites, but also contain locally crystallized and biosparitic limestone. Andesites are seen to have a hyaloplitic porphyritic texture when examined under the microscope, and consist mainly of plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, pyroxene, +- quartz and opaque minerals. Quartz and plagioclase crystals are embayed and the plagioclase was also zoned. Kaolinization, chloritization and opacification type alterations were detected in the andesites. These rocks, which are composed of quartz andesite, contain high levels of K-calcalkaline. In order to determine the origins of the rocks used in the construction of the rampart walls, andesite samples were compared with other samples taken from different locations around the castle and Ankara. It was determined that the rampart andesite samples most resemble those taken from seven old quarries on Yenidogan Hill

Genesis of Ağaçören intrusive suite and its enclaves (Central Anatolia): constraints from geological, petrographic, geophysical and geochemical data

Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Nefelin siyenitlerin seramik sanayinde kullanılma potansiyeli: Buzlukdağ örneği

Feldispat ve kil mineralleri cam ve seramik sanayinde yıllardır ham madde olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bunların dışında feldispatoyid (başlıca nefelin) grubu minerallerin seramik sanayinde kullanımının özellikle pişirme sıcaklığını düşürmesi, düşük viskoziteye sahip oluşu, camsı fazın hızlı gelişimine neden olması, kuvarsa karşı yüksek reaktivite göstermesi ile birçok avantaja sahip olduğu görülmüş ve kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Feldispatoyid mineralleri alkali magmatik kayaların, silikaca doygun olmayan siyenit bileşimindeki kayalarının içerisinde fazla oranda bulunmaktadır. İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde nefelin içerikli siyenitler diğer felsik kayalara göre daha az yayılım göstermektedir. Buzlukdağı nefelin siyeniti İç Anadolu’da Kırşehir’in kuzeybatısındaki en büyük ve en taze alkali intrüzif kütlelerden birini temsil etmektedir. İntrüzif kütle doku özelliklerine ve tane boyutlarına göre üç alt guruba ayrılmıştır. Bunlar iri, orta ve ince kristalen nefelin siyenittir. Bu kayalar farklı renk tonlarında ve farklı mineral oranlarında benzer mineral bileşimine sahiptirler. Çoğunlukla nefelin (%19.1-54.2), K-Feldispat (ortoklaz) (%41.3-69), oligoklaz (%1.2-17.8), piroksen (%0.3-4.9), biyotit (%0.3-2.5), amfibol (%0.6-1.1) ile az oranda melanit (%0.3-11.7), kankrinit, sfen (%0.4-1.2) ve opak minerallerden (%0.1-2.5) meydana gelmektedirler. Buzlukdağ nefelin siyenitlerinin hem Na2O/K2O oranının %0.38-1.12 (ortalama %0.70) arasında olmasıyla hem de K2O/Na2O’nun %0.89-2.66 arasında (ortalama %1.53) yer alması seramik ve cam sanayisi için kullanıma elverişli olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma alanı dünya siyenitleri ile karşılaştırıldığında nefelin içeriklerinin oldukça yüksek ve opak mineral miktarların buna karşılık çok düşük oluşu, nefelin ve ortoklaz gibi felsik minerallerin içerisinde küçük kristaller halindeki magnetit ve ilmenit mineral kapanımlarını az oranda ve bağımsız kristaller halinde içermesi nedeniyle bu kayaların endüstriyel hammadde kullanılma potansiyelini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir

The Petro-chemical properties of Meke and Acigol (Karapinar-Konya) volcanites

WOS: 000472967800010The Craters of Meke Lake and Acigol are located in the district of Konya Province border and 6 km southeast of Karapinar. Compared with petrographical signatures, craters formed during the final stage of volcanism that effective in Plio-Quaternary comprise basalt-andesite and andesitic rocks and are found around the Meke crater, whilst the andesite and trachyandesite lithologies have been observed in Acigol. Volcanics formed by the main mineralogical composition plagioclases (Meke An56-80; Acigol An46-68), pyroxene (Meke Wo37-51, Acigol Wo40-48), amphibole and biotite are observed as mafic components. In Meke volcanics, these mafic components are accompanied by olivines (Fo70-85). The major element oxides of the rocks outcropping in the region show values the values of 51.32-64.88% SiO2, 1.16-3.09 K2O%, 2.39-3.92% Na2O, MgO 1.2-3.39%, 14.24-17.85% Al2O3, 0.18-0.35% P2O5, 5.59-9.46 % CaO, 0.09 to 0.15 % MnO and the 5.17 to 10.21 % Fe2O3. The Harker-type variation diagrams suggested that more basic characters of major oxides are observed in the rocks cropping out around the Meke Lake. MORB-normalized trace element patterns reflect strongly LILE enrichment and slightly HFSE depletion. The petrographic and geochemical studies indicate that the volcanic rocks of Meke and Acigol are characterized by the continental arc setting and the calc-alkaline to alkaline in nature. The petrographic, geochemical and geothermobarometric studies indicate that Acigol and Meke volcanics crystallized under respectively 1093-1107 degrees C-0.9-1 kb and 1133-1141 degrees C -4.7-5.3 kb conditions. Meke and Acigol are characterized by the continental arc setting and the calc-alkaline in nature

The origin and determination of silica types in the silica occurrences from Altintaş region (Uşak-Western Anatolia) using multianalytical techniques

The studied area is located in Western Anatolia and situated on the NE-SW directed Uşak-Güre cross-graben that developed under a crustal extensional regime during the Late Miocene-Pliocene. Silica occurrences have been mostly found as mushroom-shaped big caps. They also show sedimentary structures such as stratification. Silica occurrences are milky white, yellowish white, yellow to chocolate brown and rarely pale blue, bluish gray in color and have no crystal forms in hand specimen. Some of the silica samples show conchoidal fracture. Silica minerals are mostly chalcedony, low-quartz (α-quartz) and sporadically opal-CT in spectras, according to confocal Raman spectrometry. The silica samples have enrichment of Fe (1000-24,600 ppm), Ca (100-10,200 ppm), P (4-3950 ppm) and Mn (8-3020 ppm). Other striking elements in fewer amounts are Ba (0.9-609.6 ppm), Ni (15.7-182.3 ppm) and Co (18.6-343.1 ppm). In chondrite-normalized spider diagram, silica samples display partial enrichment in LIL elements (Rb, Ba, Th). The δ18O (‰ V-SMOW) values for silica samples vary from 18.4‰ to 22.8‰ and are similar to low temperature hydrothermal silica. Confocal Raman spectrometry and oxygen isotope indicate that the silica minerals may precipitate from host fluid which is relatively has low temperatures hydrothermal solutions derived from the residual melt of basaltic magma. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Underground thermal heat storage and ground source heat pump activities in Turkey

This study presents an overview of Underground Heat Storage and Ground Source Heat Pumps situation and activities of Turkey. Shallow geothermal installations started in the early 2000s with Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems for small houses. In the last five years, shallow geothermal energy applications have been increasing with large shopping malls, governmental building and schools. The national expert group on shallow geothermal energy has been established as part of International Energy Agency Energy Conversation Through Energy Storage (IEA ECES) Annex27 “Quality Management in Design, Construction and Operation of Borehole Systems”. The purpose of this group is to increase awareness, to prepare guidelines, carry out training programs and determine market barriers and suggest actions needed to speed up the success of shallow geothermal applications in Turkey. This paper will give an overview of the current status of UTES and GSHP systems in Turkey and activities of national Annex27 experts group. © 2018 Elsevier Lt

Orta Anadolu granitoid ve gabrolarının zamansal ve mekansal konumu

İç Anadolu bölgesinde, değişik alanlarda gabroik kayaçlar ile birlikte bulunan ve metamorfik temel sokulum yapan granitoid plutonları bölgenin karakteristik litolojik özelliklerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Granitoid kütleleri üzerinde yapılan jeolojik ve jeokimyasal çalışmalar, bu kayaçların Neo-Tetis kapanımı ile ilgili yay,çarpışma ve/veya çarpışma sonrası tipinde granitler olduğunu göstermiştir. Öte yandan, granitoidler içinde kapanımlar şeklinde yer alan gabroik kayaçların kökeni araştırmacılar arasında tartışma konusudur. Gabroik kayaçların bölgenin bazı kesimlerinde serpantinit ve/veya pelajik sedimanlar ile birlikte bulunuşu, çeşitli araştırmacıları gabroların Neo-Tetisin kapanımı sırasında metamorfikler üzerine bindiren ofiyolitik birime ait olduğu sonucuna götürmüştür. Bu proje, Tuz Gölü'nin doğusunda yüzeylenen granitoid-gabro topluluğunun jeokronolojik ve jeofizik çalışmalarını içermektedir. Granitoid kayaçların bileşimi granitten monzogranite ve monzonite kadar değişmektedir. Granitoid içerisinde stoklar şeklinde yer alan mafik kayaçlar diyorit ve gabro bileşimindedir. Granitoid ile gabro arasındaki dokanak arazide genellikle toprak ile örtülmektedir;ancak, bazı yerlerde gabro granitoid ile sinus (kıvrımlı) dokanak ilişkisi göstermekte ve bu dokanak boyunca, osellar dokusu oluşturacak şekilde, kuvars mineralleri amfibol mineralleri tarafından kuşatılmaktadır. Gerek sinüs dokanak ilişkisi gerekse osellar doku özelliği, gabro-granitoid topluluğunun kökeninde magma karışım sürecinin etkili olduğu ve dolayısıyla gabro ile granitoidin eş yaşlı kütleler olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Elde edilen jeokronolojik verilere göre, gabrolar 78.0$\pm$ 0.3 Ma-78.8$\pm$ 1.0 Ma granitler ise 77.6$\pm$ 0.3 Ma yaşlarını vermektedir. Jeofizik verilere göre gabro kütleleri yaklaşık 1.55 km derinliğindeki ana gabronun apofizleri olarak granit ve mermerlere sokulum yapmaktadır. Jeokronolojik verilerin ve jeofizik modelleme sonuçlarının birlikte değerlendirilmesi, granit ile gabronun eş yaşlı sokulum kütleleri olduğu bulgusunu ortaya koymaktadır