Coral spawning information

Information on reproduction in reef corals is presented. An understanding of its reproductive behaviour is an important factor in helping to preserve the coral reef ecosystems

Coral spawning information

Information on reproduction in reef corals is presented. An understanding of its reproductive behaviour is an important factor in helping to preserve the coral reef ecosystems.Coral reefs, Spawning

The Extended Parameter Filter

The parameters of temporal models, such as dynamic Bayesian networks, may be modelled in a Bayesian context as static or atemporal variables that influence transition probabilities at every time step. Particle filters fail for models that include such variables, while methods that use Gibbs sampling of parameter variables may incur a per-sample cost that grows linearly with the length of the observation sequence. Storvik devised a method for incremental computation of exact sufficient statistics that, for some cases, reduces the per-sample cost to a constant. In this paper, we demonstrate a connection between Storvik's filter and a Kalman filter in parameter space and establish more general conditions under which Storvik's filter works. Drawing on an analogy to the extended Kalman filter, we develop and analyze, both theoretically and experimentally, a Taylor approximation to the parameter posterior that allows Storvik's method to be applied to a broader class of models. Our experiments on both synthetic examples and real applications show improvement over existing methods

Spin Fluctuations and the Pseudogap in Organic Superconductors

We show that there are strong similarities in the spin lattice relaxation of non-magnetic organic charge transfer salts, and that these similarities can be understood in terms of spin fluctuations. Further, we show that, in all of the kappa-phase organic superconductors for which there is nuclear magnetic resonance data, the energy scale for the spin fluctuations coincides with the energy scale for the pseudogap. This suggests that the pseudogap is caused by short-range spin correlations. In the weakly frustrated metals k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Br, k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu(NCS)_2, and k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Cl (under pressure) the pseudogap opens at the same temperature as coherence emerges in the (intralayer) transport. We argue that this is because the spin correlations are cut off by the loss of intralayer coherence at high temperatures. We discuss what might happen to these two energy scales at high pressures, where the electronic correlations are weaker. In these weakly frustrated materials the data is well described by the chemical pressure hypothesis (that anion substitution is equivalent to hydrostatic pressure). However, we find important differences in the metallic state of k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu_2(CN)_3, which is highly frustrated and displays a spin liquid insulating phase. We also show that the characteristic temperature scale of the spin fluctuations in (TMTSF)_2ClO_4 is the same as superconducting critical temperature, which may be evidence that spin fluctuations mediate the superconductivity in the Bechgaard salts.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to appear in PR

Peningkatan Sosial Melalui Metode Bermain Peran Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Tk

This research is motivated social development of children is still low as the children can not cooperate completing tasks / jobs, children may not be able to help each other to friends who are having trouble, the child can not obey the rules in a game. The purpose of this research is to improve the social emotional development through methods play a role in children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri 01 Matan Hilir Selatan Ketapang. This study used a descriptive method because the researcher intends to reveal all the findings as it is. Based on the research that has been done that the increase in social development of the child is developing very well. As for specifically: 1) Planning learning that teachers include: makes RKH according to the theme and sub-theme, selecting play materials appropriate to the theme and sub-theme, determine instructional methods, determining learning outcomes. 2) Implementation of the learning that teachers do the following: a) Implement environmental footing, b) Implement a foothold before the play, c) Implement footing while playing: collaborated complete tasks / work in, helping each other to friends who are having trouble, obey the rules in a game, d) Implement a foothold after the play. 3) Improvement of social emotional development in children aged 5-6 years are: a) Children in collaboration completing the task / job, b) Children helping each other to friends who are having trouble, c) Children obey the rules in a game

The association between area level socio-economic position and oral health-related quality of life in the South African adult population

Objective: To investigate the association between arealevel socio-economic position (SEP) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: Data collected from a nationally representative sample of the South African population ?16 years old (n=3,003) included demographics, individual-level SEP measures and self-reported oral health status. OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). The General Household Survey (n=25,653 households) and Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (n~30,000 households/ quarter) were used to determine area-level SEP. Data analysis included a random-effect negative binomial regression model and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis. Results: Area-level deprivation was associated with more negative oral impacts, independent of an individual's SEP. Other significant predictors of oral impacts included having experienced oral pain and reporting previous dental visits. Area differences in dental attendance contributed the most (37.5%) to the observed gap in OHRQoL, explained by differences in area-level SEP, whereas individual-level SEP contributed the least (18.8%). In the more affluent areas, satisfaction with life in general and individuals' SEP were significantly positively associated with OHRQoL.DHE

Predicting the minimum liquid surface tension activity of pseudomonads expressing biosurfactants

Bacteria produce a variety of biosurfactants capable of significantly reducing liquid (aqueous) surface tension (γ) with a range of biological roles and biotechnological uses. In order to determine the lowest achievable surface tension (γMin), we tested a diverse collection of Pseudomonas-like isolates from contaminated soil and activated sludge, and identified those expressing biosurfactants by drop-collapse assay. Liquid surface tension reducing ability was quantitatively determined by tensiometry, with 57 isolates found to significantly lower culture supernatant surface tensions to 24.5 – 49.1 mN m−1. Differences in biosurfactant behaviour determined by foaming, emulsion and oil-displacement assays, was also observed amongst isolates producing surface tensions of 25 – 27 mN m−1, suggesting that a range of structurally-diverse biosurfactants were being expressed. Individual distribution identification (IDI) analysis was used to identify the theoretical probability distribution that best fitted the surface tension data, which predicted a γMin of 24.24 mN m−1. This was in agreement with predictions based on earlier work of published mixed–bacterial spp. data, suggesting a fundamental limit to the ability of bacterial biosurfactants to reduce surface tensions in aqueous systems. This implies a biological restriction on the synthesis and export of these agents or a physical-chemical restriction on their functioning once produced