Fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids from lambs fed sunflower oil in a protective protein gel supplement

This study investigated the effect of dietary supplemental α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) and sunflower oil and α-tocopheryl acetate in a protective gel supplement (sunflower oil-gel) on the fatty acid composition of lamb serum lipids. Twenty-three crossbred lambs were assigned on the basis of fleece color and gender to a control (n=8), vitamin E (n=8) or sunflower oil-gel (n=7) diet treatment and were fed the assigned diet for twelve weeks. Blood samples were obtained from all lambs at the beginning and every two weeks of the feeding trial, and the fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids was determined. Lambs on the control diet received 38 g lipid per head daily; lambs on the vitamin E diet received 38.5 g lipid and 250 I.U. of α-tocopherol per head daily while lambs on the sunflower oil-gel diet received 103 g lipid (71% linoleic acid) and 233 I.U. of α-tocopherol per head daily. Lambs fed the sunflower oil-gel diet had (P0.05) in levels of C16:0, C18:l or C18:2 in serum lipids from lambs fed the control and those fed the vitamin E diet. \n In lambs fed the sunflower oil-gel diet, blood serum levels of a-tocopherol correlated (P0.05) between serum levels of C 18:1 and C18:2 and levels of like fatty acids in the Psoas major, a red muscle. Feeding lambs the protective gel containing sunflower oil and α-tocopheryl acetate increased C18:2 content of blood serum lipids by a factor of 1.5 and provided increased levels of vitamin E as an antioxidant. Also, levels of major fatty acids in blood serum lipids may be indicators of those acids in muscles of animals fed the supplement. This supplement made with a generally recognized as safe agent may have a significant impact at increasing polyunsaturated fat intake from animal products in the U.S

A practical approach example to measurement uncertainty: Evaluation of 26 immunoassay parameters

IntroductionMeasurement uncertainty is a non-negative parameter that characterizes the distribution of all values appropriate to the measured size and is associated with the measured result. In this study, we aimed to compare the results with various suggestions and produce more qualified results by calculating the measurement uncertainties of the immunoassays like fertility hormones, drug concentration tests, cardiac markers, thyroid function tests and tumour markers. Materials and methodsUncertainty calculation was made in accordance with the top-down approach according to Nordtest guide. The 12-month study of internal and external quality assessment results were used. The parameters of drug concentration tests were performed on the Abbott Architect c8000, other hormones/markers on the i2000 of the same brand. ResultsFactors that increased the measurement uncertainty of a test were due to external quality control data. The calculations showed that 13 of 26 parameters satisfied quality requirements. The highest uncertainty value, with 28% belonged to cancer antigen 19-9 test. The lowest value was calculated for prolactin with 8.3%. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and phenytoin performed poorly in terms of measurement uncertainty, although internal and external quality control assessment results were considered favourable for both. ConclusionIt is recommended that the concept of measurement uncertainty, which plays an important role in the total quality performance of the laboratory, should be followed up by the clinical laboratory experts at certain time intervals and should be increased the awareness of clinicians about the subject

The Influence Of Socıo-Demographıc Factors On Organizational Alienation Of Accommodation Businesses Employees

In this study, the concept of alienation is analyzed in terms of organizational behavior discipline frame. As part of organizational behavior discipline, alienation is expressed as the server’s losing control over the product he produces or the service or inability of self-expression in business life. Basically, the concept of alienation is used to express alienation from the institution, occupation his own being, his valves, and society; in one sense it means a breakdown in all relations. The science of statistics plays an important role to identify the variable or variables effect the event in scientific studies and to determine their grades. Analysis of CHAID firms sub-sets by grouping the factors affecting the dependent variable in view of their importance level. In this term, the purpose of the research is to form to identify the employees’ organizational alienation level; demographic variables combined categories and sub-sets, working in accommodation services by using CHAID analysis technique

Use of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and cortisone may prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and cortisone prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). METHODS: Twenty pigmented rabbits were used in this study. All rabbits except controls received an intravitreal injection of 0.15 ml (75,000 U) of platelet-rich plasma into their left eye. The animals were divided into four groups: group I was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml (15 micromol/kg) of CAPE for 3 days, group II received 0.15 ml (4 mg/kg) of intravitreal cortisone, group III received nothing (blank group), and group IV (control group) received only 1 ml of 1% ethanol intraperitoneally daily for 3 days. Proliferative changes were graded in a masked fashion by indirect ophthalmoscopy for a 15-day follow-up period. The malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total nitrite (NO) levels were measured in the vitreous humor. RESULTS: The grades of PVR were B-C in group I, and C-D in group II. The PVR grade in the control group was C-D. The mean MDA level in group I (4.0+/-0.8 micromol/l) was significantly lower than in the blank group (6.0 micromol/l) (p < 0.05). The mean GSH level in group I (71.0+/-11.2 micromol/l) was significantly different than in the blank group (p < 0.05). The MDA and GSH levels in group II were 4.7+/-0.6 micromol/l and 53.8+/-7.8 micromol/l, respectively. Both these levels were not significantly different from the blank group (p > 0.05). The NO levels in both treatment groups were significantly lower than in the blank group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of CAPE on PVR. The inhibitory effect was supported by lower MDA and NO with higher GSH levels in treatment groups than in the blank group. There was no detected significant effect of cortisone for preventing PVR experimentally

Germany-centered Mergers and Cartels in European Travel Industry: Their Influence on Turkey and Antalya

Mergers in travel industry which are extremely important in Europe and especially Germany, gained speed and these mergers give rise to cartelization. Mergers in travel industry are seen mostly in German and English establishments. These merger companies have both began to dominate the travel industry and have also become great powers with their giant revenues. The fact that these developments in travel industry are Germany-centered makes the subject more important since Germany is one of Turkey's greatest tourist coming countries. That these cartelized structures have partners in Antalya region is vital both for Antalya and Turkey. This paper is a preliminary work aiming to highlight the importance of the subject. The fact that the subject's being relatively new and lack of academic work on the subject, as well as rapid changes in mergers makes it difficult to pursue a detailed study on the subject

Germany-centered Mergers and Cartels in European Travel Industry: Their Influence on Turkey and Antalya

Mergers in travel industry which are extremely important in Europe and especially Germany, gained speed and these mergers give rise to cartelization. Mergers in travel industry are seen mostly in German and English establishments. These merger companies have both began to dominate the travel industry and have also become great powers with their giant revenues. The fact that these developments in travel industry are Germany-centered makes the subject more important since Germany is one of Turkey's greatest tourist coming countries. That these cartelized structures have partners in Antalya region is vital both for Antalya and Turkey. This paper is a preliminary work aiming to highlight the importance of the subject. The fact that the subject's being relatively new and lack of academic work on the subject, as well as rapid changes in mergers makes it difficult to pursue a detailed study on the subject

Effect of nitrogen gas flushing treatments on total antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content in raw bovine milk during cold storage

Continuous nitrogen gas (N-2) flushing extends the shelf life of raw milk (RM) during cold storage. The effect of N-2 treatment on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ascorbic acid (AA) content of RM was determined during cold storage. TAC of RM or deproteinized RM was determined by ABTS and DPPH methods, while L(+)-AA content of RM was determined chromatographically on days 0, 4 and 7 during storage at 6 +/- 1 degrees C. With the ABTS method, the TAC of RM decreased from 472.33 +/- 16.70 to 369.47 +/- 62.06 mu M TEAC while it reduced from 13.30 +/- 0.84 to 8.20 +/- 0.66 mu M TEAC with DPPH method during cold storage. TAC of RM determined with ABTS method decreased after 4 day-storage; however, they remained statistically similar for N-2-treated samples during 7 day-storage. The AA content of RM ranged from 14.06 to 10.76 mg/L during storage but N-2-treatment did not influence AA content significantly. Deproteinization reduced TAC values of milk samples significantly, and the reduction with the ABTS method was about 47.50 % for control samples cold-stored for four days, while it was 11.67 % for N-2-treated deproteinized RM. In conclusion, N-2-flushing through the headspace of milk containing vessels showed a significant protective effect on the antioxidant components of RM during cold storage.Peer reviewe

Systèmes de soutien des réseaux sociaux scientifiques : Une exploration qualitative des catalyseurs et des obstacles aux nouvelles études en médecine universitaire

Introduction: As academia begins to incorporate modern communication technologies into its scholarly structures, there are both enablers and barriers which foster academics’ uptake of these innovations. Those who are early adopters of academic social media - whether it be for education, research-related networking, or knowledge translation - may therefore be best positioned to highlight both enablers and barriers within their work environments. Methods: The authors conducted a constructivist grounded theory study to discern what prominent practitioners of academic social media (e.g. Twitter) have encountered in their careers. Participants were recruited via a snowball sampling technique and invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Three investigators engaged in constant comparative analysis of incoming transcripts. To enhance rigour, we conducted an audit of the analysis and a participant member check. Results: Seventeen emerging influencers in the field of academic social media were recruited. After axial coding, the 30 enablers and 21 barriers to academic social media use were mapped to three spheres of influence: personal, institutional, and virtual. The investigators propose a framework that organizes these enablers and barriers around a tipping point where sustainability becomes possible. Conclusions: Multiple enablers and barriers were described to influence social media users within academic medicine. By organizing these facets into a personal, institutional, and virtual framework along a spectrum, we can begin to understand the underlying structures that potentiate the academic ecosystems in which social media and similar innovations may flourish.Introduction : Alors que le milieu universitaire commence à intégrer les technologies de communication modernes dans ses structures d’enseignement, il existe à la fois des facteurs favorables et des obstacles à l’adoption de ces innovations par les chercheurs. Les premiers adoptants des réseaux sociaux scientifiques, que ce soit dans un cadre éducatif, de réseautage lié à la recherche ou d’application des connaissances, sont sans doute les mieux placés pour mettre en évidence aussi bien les facteurs favorables que les facteurs défavorables présents dans leur environnement de travail. Méthodes : Les auteurs ont mené une étude selon la théorisatoin ancrée qui s’inscrit dans un courant constructiviste afin de cibler les éléments de l’expérience d’importants utilisateurs des réseaux sociaux scientifiques (p. ex. Twitter). Les participants ont été recrutés par échantillonnage en boule de neige et invités à des entretiens semi-structurés. Trois chercheurs ont analysé les transcriptions reçues selon la méthode de la comparaison constante. Par souci de rigueur, nous avons procédé à une vérification de l’analyse et à un contrôle des participants. Résultats : Dix-sept influenceurs émergents dans le domaine des réseaux sociaux scientifiques ont été recrutés. Après un codage axial, les 30 catalyseurs et les 21 obstacles à l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux scientifiques ont été mis en correspondance avec trois sphères d’influence : personnelle, institutionnelle et virtuelle. Les chercheurs proposent un cadre qui organise ces catalyseurs et ces obstacles autour d’un point de basculement où la durabilité devient possible. Conclusions : De multiples facilitateurs et obstacles ont été décrits pour influencer les utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux dans le domaine de la médecine universitaire. La classification de ces facteurs sur une échelle par type de cadre (personnel, institutionnel et virtuel) laisse entrevoir les structures sous-jacentes des écosystèmes universitaires qui sont propices au développement des réseaux sociaux et des innovations de ce type

Ebrûlî Şehir: ‘İslâm Şehri’ Yerine Bir Öneri

Conceptualization is an attempt to abstract by simplifying the complex network of relationships in real life. Thus, the success of a conceptualization depends on its ability to explain reality. It is claimed that the concept of “Islāmic city”, which started with Weber and continues to be used by Orientalists, is an effort to conceptualize the cities in which Muslims live, detached from the reality. Over time, Orientalists have also brought criticism towards the concept of “Islamic city”. But, interestingly, the concept has continued to be used up to the present. This conceptualization seems to be problematic in two respects: First, with this concept, the cities where Muslims live are cast into an ideal mold. Secondly, through this conceptualization, all the problems in the cities where Muslims live are referred to “Islām”. In this study, instead of the “Islāmic city”, the conceptualization of “marbled city” is used based on the “art of marbling”. In this context, the aim of the study is to develop a conceptual proposal based on the interaction and relevance it contains, rather than the standard Islāmic city conceptualizations in the orientalist view. It is thought that the concept of “marbled city” is capable of eliminating two deficiencies in the concept of “Islāmic city”. Accordingly, the concept of “marbled city” can also take into account the peculiarity of many cities where Muslims live; moreover, it is argued that it may prevent the convenience of referring the shortcomings of Muslims living in cities to “Islām”.Kavramsallaştırma, gerçek hayattaki karmaşık ilişkiler ağını basitleştirerek soyutlaştırma çabasıdır. Dolayısıyla, bir kavramsallaştırmanın başarısı, gerçekliği açıklayabilme kabiliyetine bağlıdır. Weber’le birlikte başlayan ve Şarkiyatçılar tarafından kullanılmaya devam eden “İslâm şehri” kavramının, Müslümanların yaşadıkları şehirlerin gerçekliğinden kopuk bir kavramsallaştırma çabası olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Zamanla Şarkiyatçılar da “İslâm şehri” kavramına yönelik eleştiriler getirmişlerdir. Ama ilginç bir şekilde kavram, bugüne kadar kullanılmaya devam etmiştir. Bu kavramsallaştırmanın iki açıdan sorunlu olduğu görülmektedir: İlki, bu kavramla, Müslümanların yaşadıkları şehirler ideal bir kalıba dökülmektedir. İkincisi, bu kavramsallaştırma üzerinden Müslümanların yaşadıkları şehirlerdeki bütün sorunlar “İslâm”a havale edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, “İslâm şehri” yerine, “ebrû sanatı”ndan hareketle “ebrûlî şehir” kavramsallaştırmasına gidilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Şarkiyatçı bakış açısının standart İslâm şehri kavramsallaştırmaları yerine, içinde barındırdığı etkileşim ve ilintiye bağlı olarak “ebrûlî şehir” üzerinden kavramsal bir öneri geliştirmektir. “Ebrûlî şehir” kavramının, “İslâm şehri” kavramındaki iki eksikliği giderecek nitelikte olduğu düşünülmektedir. Buna göre “ebrûlî şehir” kavramının, Müslümanların yaşadıkları çok sayıda şehrin kendine özgü niteliğini dikkate alabileceği; ayrıca, şehirlerde yaşayan Müslümanların eksikliklerini “İslâm”a havale etme kolaycılığına da mâni olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir