7,835 research outputs found
Coral spawning information
Information on reproduction in reef corals is presented. An understanding of its reproductive behaviour is an important factor in helping to preserve the coral reef ecosystems
Coral spawning information
Information on reproduction in reef corals is presented. An understanding of its reproductive behaviour is an important factor in helping to preserve the coral reef ecosystems.Coral reefs, Spawning
The Extended Parameter Filter
The parameters of temporal models, such as dynamic Bayesian networks, may be
modelled in a Bayesian context as static or atemporal variables that influence
transition probabilities at every time step. Particle filters fail for models
that include such variables, while methods that use Gibbs sampling of parameter
variables may incur a per-sample cost that grows linearly with the length of
the observation sequence. Storvik devised a method for incremental computation
of exact sufficient statistics that, for some cases, reduces the per-sample
cost to a constant. In this paper, we demonstrate a connection between
Storvik's filter and a Kalman filter in parameter space and establish more
general conditions under which Storvik's filter works. Drawing on an analogy to
the extended Kalman filter, we develop and analyze, both theoretically and
experimentally, a Taylor approximation to the parameter posterior that allows
Storvik's method to be applied to a broader class of models. Our experiments on
both synthetic examples and real applications show improvement over existing
methods
Spin Fluctuations and the Pseudogap in Organic Superconductors
We show that there are strong similarities in the spin lattice relaxation of
non-magnetic organic charge transfer salts, and that these similarities can be
understood in terms of spin fluctuations. Further, we show that, in all of the
kappa-phase organic superconductors for which there is nuclear magnetic
resonance data, the energy scale for the spin fluctuations coincides with the
energy scale for the pseudogap. This suggests that the pseudogap is caused by
short-range spin correlations. In the weakly frustrated metals
k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Br, k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu(NCS)_2, and
k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Cl (under pressure) the pseudogap opens at the same
temperature as coherence emerges in the (intralayer) transport. We argue that
this is because the spin correlations are cut off by the loss of intralayer
coherence at high temperatures. We discuss what might happen to these two
energy scales at high pressures, where the electronic correlations are weaker.
In these weakly frustrated materials the data is well described by the chemical
pressure hypothesis (that anion substitution is equivalent to hydrostatic
pressure). However, we find important differences in the metallic state of
k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu_2(CN)_3, which is highly frustrated and displays a spin liquid
insulating phase. We also show that the characteristic temperature scale of the
spin fluctuations in (TMTSF)_2ClO_4 is the same as superconducting critical
temperature, which may be evidence that spin fluctuations mediate the
superconductivity in the Bechgaard salts.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to appear in PR
Peningkatan Sosial Melalui Metode Bermain Peran Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Tk
This research is motivated social development of children is still low as the children can not cooperate completing tasks / jobs, children may not be able to help each other to friends who are having trouble, the child can not obey the rules in a game. The purpose of this research is to improve the social emotional development through methods play a role in children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri 01 Matan Hilir Selatan Ketapang. This study used a descriptive method because the researcher intends to reveal all the findings as it is. Based on the research that has been done that the increase in social development of the child is developing very well. As for specifically: 1) Planning learning that teachers include: makes RKH according to the theme and sub-theme, selecting play materials appropriate to the theme and sub-theme, determine instructional methods, determining learning outcomes. 2) Implementation of the learning that teachers do the following: a) Implement environmental footing, b) Implement a foothold before the play, c) Implement footing while playing: collaborated complete tasks / work in, helping each other to friends who are having trouble, obey the rules in a game, d) Implement a foothold after the play. 3) Improvement of social emotional development in children aged 5-6 years are: a) Children in collaboration completing the task / job, b) Children helping each other to friends who are having trouble, c) Children obey the rules in a game
The association between area level socio-economic position and oral health-related quality of life in the South African adult population
Objective: To investigate the association between arealevel
socio-economic position (SEP) and oral health-related
quality of life (OHRQoL).
Methods: Data collected from a nationally representative
sample of the South African population ?16 years old
(n=3,003) included demographics, individual-level SEP
measures and self-reported oral health status. OHRQoL was
measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).
The General Household Survey (n=25,653 households) and
Quarterly Labour Force Surveys (n~30,000 households/
quarter) were used to determine area-level SEP. Data analysis
included a random-effect negative binomial regression
model and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis.
Results: Area-level deprivation was associated with more
negative oral impacts, independent of an individual's SEP.
Other significant predictors of oral impacts included having
experienced oral pain and reporting previous
dental visits. Area differences in dental attendance
contributed the most (37.5%) to the observed gap
in OHRQoL, explained by differences in area-level SEP,
whereas individual-level SEP contributed the least (18.8%).
In the more affluent areas, satisfaction with life in general
and individuals' SEP were significantly positively associated
with OHRQoL.DHE
Predicting the minimum liquid surface tension activity of pseudomonads expressing biosurfactants
Bacteria produce a variety of biosurfactants capable of significantly reducing liquid (aqueous) surface tension (γ) with a range of biological roles and biotechnological uses. In order to determine the lowest achievable surface tension (γMin), we tested a diverse collection of Pseudomonas-like isolates from contaminated soil and activated sludge, and identified those expressing biosurfactants by drop-collapse assay. Liquid surface tension reducing ability was quantitatively determined by tensiometry, with 57 isolates found to significantly lower culture supernatant surface tensions to 24.5 – 49.1 mN m−1. Differences in biosurfactant behaviour determined by foaming, emulsion and oil-displacement assays, was also observed amongst isolates producing surface tensions of 25 – 27 mN m−1, suggesting that a range of structurally-diverse biosurfactants were being expressed. Individual distribution identification (IDI) analysis was used to identify the theoretical probability distribution that best fitted the surface tension data, which predicted a γMin of 24.24 mN m−1. This was in agreement with predictions based on earlier work of published mixed–bacterial spp. data, suggesting a fundamental limit to the ability of bacterial biosurfactants to reduce surface tensions in aqueous systems. This implies a biological restriction on the synthesis and export of these agents or a physical-chemical restriction on their functioning once produced
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