Improved detection of Probe Request Attacks : Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm

The Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the wireless protocol, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, is based on the exchange of request and response messages. Probe Request Flooding Attacks (PRFA) are devised based on this design flaw to reduce network performance or prevent legitimate users from accessing network resources. The vulnerability is amplified due to clear beacon, probe request and probe response frames. The research is to detect PRFA of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) using a Supervised Feedforward Neural Network (NN). The NN converged outstandingly with train, valid, test sample percentages 70, 15, 15 and hidden neurons 20. The effectiveness of an Intruder Detection System depends on its prediction accuracy. This paper presents optimisation of the NN using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAs sought to maximise the performance of the model based on Linear Regression (R) and generated R > 0.95. Novelty of this research lies in the fact that the NN accepts user and attacker training data captured separately. Hence, security administrators do not have to perform the painstaking task of manually identifying individual frames for labelling prior training. The GA provides a reliable NN model and recognises the behaviour of the NN for diverse configurations

Peningkatan Efektivitas Pemasaran Jasa Perbankan Islam melalui Pemahaman terhadap Segmentasi Pelanggan

There are three segments of customers in Islamic banking industry: business customers, rational customers, and religious customers. This study found that the levels of customer\u27s satisfaction/dissatisfaction at the three segments (business,rational, and religious traveler) were differentiating by customers\u27 perception of service quality. The business customers has a higher focus on service quality and on time performance factors. In addition, the profit sharing factor is the differentiating variable in the level of satisfaction/dissatisfaction for rational customers. The application of sharia principles is the differen-tiating variabel of religious segments.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v5i2.256

Spin Fluctuations and the Pseudogap in Organic Superconductors

We show that there are strong similarities in the spin lattice relaxation of non-magnetic organic charge transfer salts, and that these similarities can be understood in terms of spin fluctuations. Further, we show that, in all of the kappa-phase organic superconductors for which there is nuclear magnetic resonance data, the energy scale for the spin fluctuations coincides with the energy scale for the pseudogap. This suggests that the pseudogap is caused by short-range spin correlations. In the weakly frustrated metals k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Br, k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu(NCS)_2, and k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu[N(CN)_2]Cl (under pressure) the pseudogap opens at the same temperature as coherence emerges in the (intralayer) transport. We argue that this is because the spin correlations are cut off by the loss of intralayer coherence at high temperatures. We discuss what might happen to these two energy scales at high pressures, where the electronic correlations are weaker. In these weakly frustrated materials the data is well described by the chemical pressure hypothesis (that anion substitution is equivalent to hydrostatic pressure). However, we find important differences in the metallic state of k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu_2(CN)_3, which is highly frustrated and displays a spin liquid insulating phase. We also show that the characteristic temperature scale of the spin fluctuations in (TMTSF)_2ClO_4 is the same as superconducting critical temperature, which may be evidence that spin fluctuations mediate the superconductivity in the Bechgaard salts.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to appear in PR

Trend Analysis of Teenage Pregnancy in Nigeria (1961-2013): How Effective is the Contraceptive Use Campaign

Teenage pregnancy (TP) is a recurrent global and public health problem. It poses both social and health challenges. Considering the massive campaign on the use of modern contraceptives to prevent TP in recent decades, we assessed trends in TP in Nigeria between 1961 and 2013. Pregnancy and contraception history of 70,811 women who were at least 20 years old when the Nigerian DHS was conducted in 1990, 2003, 2008, and 2013 respectively were used for the study, and descriptive statistics, time analysis techniques and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data at 5% significance level. The overall prevalence of TP between 1961 and 2013 was 49.5% which fluctuated insignificantly during the studied period. The TP prevalence among women who entered adulthood in 1961 was 39.2%; it peaked in 1978 at 58.9% before its unsteady decline to 39.6% in 2012, and then rose sharply to 55.6% in 2013. We predicted TP prevalence as 49.0%, 49.9% and 51.0% in 2014, 2015 and 2016 respectively. The odds of TP were over 4 times higher in the North East and 5 times higher in the North West than in the South West. Teenagers with no education had higher odds of TP and it was higher among teenagers from the poorest households (OR=5.64, 95% CI: 5.36-5.94). Rather than reducing with the worldwide acknowledged increase in contraceptive campaigns, TP increased over the years studied. As far as TP is concerned in Nigeria, the impact of the campaign on MC use is far from being effective. To achieve the objective of fewer TPs, fewer resources should be spent on access to contraception and instead diverted to areas more likely to achieve results such as improvements in educational achievement amongst girls

Pendampingan Wisata Edukasi bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Tunarungu di Kota Jambi

Pada umumnya masyarakat penyandang tunarungu mengalami keterbatasan terhadap akses wisata edukasi, di samping itu mereka juga tidak memiliki jejaring yang baik dalam mengorganisasikan mereka sendiri. Berdasarkan dua permasalahan tersebut, rumusan pemecahan masalah yang ditawarkan adalah pendampingan di bidang wisata edukasi dan penguatan jejaring pada komunitas tuna rungu. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan 3 cara berikut: 1) Pembekalan, Pada proses pembekalan ini juga dilakukan curah pendapat, diskusi, saling berbagi pengalaman. 2) Pelatihan, untuk menciptakan perilaku yang efektif antar anggota, dapat bekerja dalam tim secara efisien dan efektif guna mencapai tujuan. 3) Pendampingan, dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengasah kemampuan berjejaring, kelompok sasaran memiliki wawasan dalam wisata edukasi

Influence of Prenatal Class to the Practice of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of prenatal class to the practice of P4K (Birth Planning And Prevention Of Birth Complication).Materials and Methods: This study applied analytical survey with cross sectional approach. The number of samples taken was as many as 30 mothers, using simple random sampling. Analysis of data was carried out using ordinal wilcoxon sign rank test. Datas were obtained from interviews and questionnaire.Result: The influence of prenatal class to practice of P4K (Birth Planning and Prevention of Birth Complication) (p = 0,0000). Conclusion: Prental class can influence to practic of P4K

Inhibitory Studies of Tamarindus indica Seed Extract and Fractions on Hematological Activities of Bitis arietans Venom

Envenomation is a serious public health and occupational hazard in tropical and subtropical countries. Antivenom serum treatment has been related to extreme hypersensitivity, high cost, and inaccessibility. Consequently, therapeutic plants have been investigated to give an alternative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the methanolic extract and fractions of Tamarindus indica seeds to neutralize the hemolytic, anticoagulant and hemorrhagic activities of Bitis arietans venom. The powdered form of Tamarindus indica seed was extracted using methanol. The methanol extract was further fractionated using butanol solvent. The aqueous fraction of the methanolic extract inhibited hemolysis caused by crude venom by 95.5%, while methanolic extract significantly reduced the anticoagulant time of crude venom to 10.2%. The in vivo hemorrhagic activity of the crude venom of Bitis arietans was neutralized by both the crude methanolic extract and the subsequent two fractions of Tamarindus indica seed. However, the crude methanolic extract was found to be the most active by reducing the hemorrhage diameter caused by crude venom to 39%. The findings of this present research work demonstrated a very good antivenom properties of the seeds of Tamarindus indica, which suggests that it could be a potential source of effective, and safe compounds with inhibitory activities against Bitis arietans envenomation

Epidemiological profile of non-daily smokers in South Africa: implications for practice

Background: This study sought to provide an epidemiological profile of non-daily (ND) smokers in South Africa.Methods: Using data obtained from the 1998 South African demographic and health survey (SADHS) – the largest nationally representative datasetavailable – smokers were classified as non-daily (ND) smokers or daily smokers. NDS were defined as persons aged 18 and over who had eversmoked 100 cigarettes, but did not currently smoke daily.Results: In 1998, an estimated 10% of current smokers were ND smokers (n = 255). Of the ND smokers, 69.7% had smoked daily in the past andcurrently smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per day (CPD) than current daily smokers (5.4 vs. 9.8). ND smokers were also significantly morelikely to have made at least one attempt to quit smoking, live in smoke-free homes, have more than 12 years of schooling and live in urban areas. Compared to past daily ND smokers, those ND smokers who had never smoked daily smoked fewer CPD and were more likely to be younger than 25 years old.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the majority of ND smokers in South Africa are those trying to quit smoking rather than thoseinitiating smoking. Smoking rates among ND smokers are still at a level that has been shown to pose significant health risks, therefore healthpractitioners should also prioritise non-daily smokers for interventions regarding smoking cessation

Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome (TLVDS), or Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), is a clinical entity in which patients present with features of acute coronary syndrome, electrocardiogram abnormalities, and transient left ventricular (apical or mid-ventricular) dysfunction. Patients usually recover from this condition four to six weeks after the event. The etiology or triggering factors of TC remains unknown. Various triggering factors have been associated with this syndrome, with one of the most recent being malignancies. In this case report we present a postmenopausal female with underlying advanced malignancy who presented with TC. This is consistent with a recent hypothesis that in addition to currently known triggering factors, malignancies might well trigger TC in the context of a stressor or paraneoplastic phenomenon