Position of Hesitation Marker in Everyday, Informal Conversation in English

Research on hesitation has revealed that hesitation markers are generally considered to be predominantly used in spontaneous speech. This study investigates and reports on the frequency and distribution of hesitation markers (specifically, filled pauses, small words, and repeats) in everyday conversation in English. The study examines the position of hesitation markers, looking at their distribution across utterances, produced by young adult speakers (of 15-25 years). Data were collected from everyday, informal conversation transcripts from Crystal & Davy (1975). The study attaches particular relevance to the naturalness of the dataset, in that it has not been elicited in any way. All 15 conversational extracts were examined to gain thorough insight into the distribution of hesitation markers across syntactic utterances, for general overall dominant patterns in natural conversation. In identifying the frequency of hesitation markers used in the initial, middle and final positions of the conversational utterances, it was discovered that participants most frequently use hesitation markers in the middle of general conversational utterances, followed by the initial and final positions, respectively

Quantitative infrared thermography resolved leakage current problem in cathodic protection system

Leakage current problem can happen in Cathodic Protection (CP) system installation. It could affect the performance of underground facilities such as piping, building structure, and earthing system. Worse can happen is rapid corrosion where disturbance to plant operation plus expensive maintenance cost. Occasionally, if it seems, tracing its root cause could be tedious. The traditional method called line current measurement is still valid effective. It involves isolating one by one of the affected underground structures. The recent methods are Close Interval Potential Survey and Pipeline Current Mapper were better and faster. On top of the mentioned method, there is a need to enhance further by synthesizing with the latest visual methods. Therefore, this paper describes research works on Infrared Thermography Quantitative (IRTQ) method as resolution of leakage current problem in CP system. The scope of study merely focuses on tracing the root cause of leakage current occurring at the CP system lube base oil plant. The results of experiment adherence to the hypothesis drawn. Consequently, res

Does Inhalation of Virgin Coconut Oil Accelerate Reversal of Airway Remodelling in an Allergic Model of Asthma?

Many studies have been done to evaluate the effect of various natural products in controlling asthma symptoms. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known to contain active compounds that have beneficial effects on human health and diseases.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of VCO inhalation on airway remodelling in a rabbit model of allergic asthma.The effects of VCO inhalation on infiltration of airway inflammatory cells, airway structures, goblet cell hyperplasia, and cell proliferation following ovalbumin induction were evaluated. Allergic asthma was induced by a combination of ovalbumin and alum injection and/or followed by ovalbumin inhalation.The effect ofVCOinhalationwas then evaluated via the rescue or the preventive route. Percentage of inflammatory cells infiltration, thickness of epithelium and mucosa regions, and the numbers of goblet and proliferative cells were reduced in the rescue group but not in preventive group. Analysis using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry found that lauric acid and capric acid were among themost abundant fatty acids present in the sample. Significant improvement was observed in rescue route in alleviating the asthma symptoms, which indicates the VCO was able to relieve asthma-related symptoms more than preventing the onset of asthma

Paddy supply chain: a case of paddy industry in Kelantan / Azmahani Yaacob @ Othman, Zulkorain Yusop and Syazwani A Malek @ Abdul

The production of paddy and the supply of rice to the consumers should not be viewed as separate segments but as a series of linked segments within a supply chain model. It involved of both upstream and downstream linkages. Each linkage has different processes and activities that produce different value and form of products and services before it reaches to the final customer or consumer. The paddy supply chain in Kelantan starts with the paddy producers (farmers), to the rice millers, then to the traders who will hand it to the wholesale traders, and lastly to the final consumers. A strong linkage between actors in every stage of supply chain can guarantee a competitive production and efficient distribution of paddy and rice from farmers to the final consumers

The competitiveness study on Kelantan paddy industry using porter's diamond model / Azmahani Yaacob@Othman , Prof Dr Zulkornain Yusop and Syazwani A Malek @ Abdul Malek

This study used the Porter’s Diamond Model as the theoretical underpinning to examine the competitiveness of Kelantan paddy industry. The model examined six (6) factors that were factor conditions, demand conditions, farmers’ strategies and supporting industries, chances and government’s roles. A total of 344 farmers were involved in this study. The farmers were required to answer a set of questionnaires which were adopted and customized from previous study. Partial least Square (PLS) SmartPLS M2 Version 3.0 was used for data analysis. The result showed that only four variables were significant and able to explain the competitiveness of paddy industry in Kelantan. They were factor conditions, demand conditions supporting industries and chances

A Comparative Study of Enhanced Nonlinear PI to Multivariable Nonlinear Plant

The static gains of PI controller have limitation to handle the process nonlinearities of the system. This suggests the development of enhanced nonlinear PI controller where a nonlinear gain function is cascaded to PI parameters. Two nonlinear gain functions are developed and the effectiveness of the control performance is investigated for two different control structures for a multivariable nonlinear wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It was proved that superior output with the lower mean error was obtained by developed nonlinear PI specifically in the multivariable control structure. The developed nonlinear PI offers simpler control structure and easy implementation hence offering alternative control strategy for the multivariable system

Influence of biofertilizer on growth improvement of aerobic rice genotypes

Biofertilizers have emerged as a potential environment friendly inputs that are supplemented for proper plant growth.Two field experiments were conductedat University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia during 1st season (Mayto September 2015) and 2nd season (September to December 2015)to evaluate the performance of aerobic rice genotypes under different combinations of bioandchemical fertilizer. The experiment consisted of five (5)biofertilizer combinations (chemical fertilizer recommended rate (CFRR) (150 N; 60 P2O5;60 K2O kg ha-1) 100%,biofertilizer 1 ton+ 75%CFRR,biofertilizer 2 tons + 50%CFRR,biofertilizer 3tons+ 25%CFRR,and biofertilizer 4 tons)and three aerobic rice genotypes (MRIA1, MR219-4 and MR219-9)laid out in a split-plot in randomized complete block design(RCBD) with 3 replicates.Results revealed that application of biofertilizer 1 ton + 75%CFRR produced the highest plant height (102.65 cm) and an umberof tillers (20.38) in the 2nd season, the highest grain yield (4.30 t ha-1) than theother biofertilizer treatments in the 1st season. MR219-4 produced the highest number of tillers, leaf area and leaf photosynthesis rate in both seasons,grain yield (5.02 t ha-1) in 1st season while MR219-9 produced the highestcropbiomass (52.76 g hill-1) and crop growth rate (8.00 g hill-1week-1) at 12 WAS,grain yield (3.86 tha-1) than the other genotypes in the 2nd season.The trend in these results indicated that biofertilizer tend to be more effective with limited chemical fertilizer in the 1st season of low rainfall.These results concluded that 1 ton biofertilizer + 75% CFRR andMR219-4enhancesrice growth and grain yield in aerobic condition

Simulation-based Study of Capacitance Values Affected by Various Dielectric Materials and Distances for Low Power Wireless Power Transfer System

Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) system is nowadays getting better attention by some of the researchers who are focusing on wireless power transfer field. This is because of the simplicity, small size, and better reaction towards EMI characteristics of the method. Furthermore, the efficiency of the CPT system is greatly influenced by the coupling capacitances which are varied by distances and permittivity values. Thus, this paper attempts to converge into the effect of several dielectric materials towards capacitance values and also the effect of the capacitive plates’ distances towards the output power. By using Class E circuit configuration and MATLAB Simulink as the simulation software, the results are then explained graphically. From those simulations, the work achieved 90.7% as highest efficiency as compared to the theoretical values

Selection of a high yielding soybean variety, Binasoybean-2 from collected germplasm

More than two hundred soybean germplasm collected from local and exotic sources were put into evaluation to select desirable ones for directly use as varieties or for future usage as breeding materials. Through observation trials thirteen germplasm were selected considering their better agronomic performance. Selected germplasm were evaluated through different trials at soybean growing areas of Bangladesh during 2007 to 2010. The germplasm, BAU-S/109 produced significantly higher seed yield than control varieties Sohag and BARIsoybean-5 in most of the trials. Over three years trial, BAU-S/109 produced mean seed yield of 2711 kg ha-1 while Sohag and BARIsoybean-5 produced 2224 and 2227 kg ha-1 seed yield, respectively. BAU-S/109 also produced the higher number of branches and pods plant-1 along with higher 100-seed weight. Results of yield trials indicated that BAU-S/109 was suitable for cultivation in Bangladesh. BAU-S/80 was found to be moderately tolerant to soybean yellow mosaic virus and also showed lower insect infestation than control varieties. On the basis of better performance, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied for registration of BAU-S/109 to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered BAU-S/109 as an improved soybean variety in 2011 as Binasoybean-2 for commercial cultivation

Hybrid of Boyer Moore and rule based system for mobile library book information

In this paper, a hybrid of Boyer Moore and Rule Based System are introduced for library book information on mobile application. A hybrid approach is employed as solution to replace the Digital Resource, Web based Software System and Catalogue. Quick Response (QR) Code is an improvement to replace the barcode and it can access any sensor on mobile application. The methodology of this paper is to develop Library Book Information to be more effective and by combining Boyer Moore String Matching and Rule Based System. From the phase of Boyer Moore and Rule Based System, these are greatly simplified this system by using QR Code to get data in a real time. The result in Boyer Moore and Rule Based System shows with highest priority or threshold (maximum) to minimum. It can be concluded that the hybrid of Boyer Moore and Rule Based System can effectively support the library information system