ミトコンドリア細胞の嫌気培養における生存とTCA回路の酵素に関する解析

医学部小児科学教室　大澤眞木子教授退任記念特別

Detection of Brain Metastases by 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T: Comparison Between T1-Weighted Volume Isotropic Turbo Spin Echo Acquisition and 3-Dimensional T1-Weighted Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Imaging

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance in detection of brain metastases between contrast-enhanced T1-weighted-Volume ISotropic Turbo-spin-echo Acquisition (T1-VISTA) and 3-dimensional T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (3D-T1-FLAIR) imaging at 3T. Methods: Two neuroradiologists selected 129 true (metastases) and 70 false (vessels and artifacts) lesions on the contrast-enhanced T1-VISTA and 3D-T1-FLAIR images of 14 cancer patients with hyperintense brain lesions. Four blinded neuroradiologists distinguished between the true and false lesions, using a five-point confidence rating scale. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the true lesions was also compared between the two sequences by using paired t-tests. Results: For lesions < 3 mm, the area under curve and sensitivity achieved by T1-VISTA imaging were significantly greater than 3D-T1-FLAIR imaging. The CNR was also significantly greater with T1-VISTA imaging. Conclusion: The contrast-enhanced T1-VISTA imaging is better suited than 3D-T1-FLAIR imaging, for detection of small metastases

Greater thermoregulatory strain in the morning than late afternoon during judo training in the heat of summer.

PurposeThe time-of-day variations in environmental heat stress have been known to affect thermoregulatory responses and the risk of exertional heat-related illness during outdoor exercise in the heat. However, such effect and risk are still needed to be examined during indoor sports/exercises. The current study investigated the diurnal relationships between thermoregulatory strain and environmental heat stress during regular judo training in a judo training facility without air conditioning on a clear day in the heat of summer.MethodsEight male high school judokas completed two 2.5-h indoor judo training sessions. The sessions were commenced at 09:00 h (AM) and 16:00 h (PM) on separate days.ResultsDuring the sessions, indoor and outdoor heat stress progressively increased in AM but decreased in PM, and indoor heat stress was less in AM than PM (mean ambient temperature: AM 32.7±0.4°C; PM 34.4±1.0°C, PConclusionsThis study indicates a greater thermoregulatory strain in the morning from 09:00 h than the late afternoon from 16:00 h during 2.5-h regular judo training in no air conditioning facility on a clear day in the heat of summer. This observation is associated with a progressive increase in indoor and outdoor heat stress in the morning, despite a less indoor heat stress in the morning than the afternoon

Impaired integrity of the brain parenchyma in non-geriatric patients with major depressive disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is considered to be able to non-invasively quantify white matter integrity. This study aimed to use DTI to evaluate white matter integrity in non-geriatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were free of antidepressant medication. DTI was performed on 19 non-geriatric patients with MDD, free of antidepressant medication, and 19 age-matched healthy subjects. Voxel-based and histogram analyses were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values between the two groups, using two-sample t tests. The abnormal DTI indices, if any, were tested for correlation with disease duration and severity, using Pearson product-moment correlation analysis. Voxel-based analysis showed clusters with FA decrease at the bilateral frontal white matter, anterior limbs of internal capsule, cerebellum, left putamen and right thalamus of the patients. Histogram analysis revealed lower peak position of FA histograms in the patients. FA values of the abnormal clusters and peak positions of FA histograms of the patients exhibited moderate correlation with disease duration and severity. These results suggest the implication of frontal-subcortical circuits and cerebellum in MDD, and the potential utility of FA in evaluation of brain parenchymal integrity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved