Cervico-vaginal immunoglobulin g levels increase post-ovulation independently of neutrophils

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is often higher in females than in males. Although the reproductive cycle profoundly modulates local immunity in the female reproductive tract (FRT) system, significant gaps in our knowledge of the immunobiology of the FRT still exist. An intriguing and frequently observed characteristic of the FRT is the predominant presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G in cervico-vaginal secretions. We show here that in the mouse, IgG accumulation was enhanced approximately 5-fold post-ovulation, and was accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the FRT. To determine whether these two events were causally related, we performed short-term neutrophil depletion experiments at individual stages throughout the estrous cycle. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils were not necessary for cycle-dependent tissue remodeling and cycle progression and that cycle-dependent IgG accumulation occurred independent of neutrophils. We thus conclude that neutrophil influx and IgG accumulation are independent events that occur in the FRT during the reproductive cycle

DFT studies and vibrational spectra of trans 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and its zinc(II)halide complexes

The geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands of trans 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (which is abbreviated as bpe) were obtained using the density functional theory (DFT) with the BLYP, B3LYP, B3PW91 functionals and 6-311G* basis set

HF and DFT studies and vibrational spectra of 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl) ethylene and its zinc (II) halide complexes

Ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock and density function theory calculations using BLYP, B3LYP and B3PW91 functionals were carried out to study molecular structure and vibrational spectrum of 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene (which is abbreviated as bpe). Comparison of calculated and experimental results indicates the density functional B3LYP and BLYP/6-311G* methods are more accurate in predicting fundamental vibrational frequencies than the scaled other approaches. On the basis of calculated results, assignment of fundamental vibrational modes of bpe was proposed. Complexes of the type Zn(bpe)X-2 [where X = Cl, Br, I] have been studied in the 4000-400 cm(-1) region, and assignments of all the observed bands were made. The analysis of the infrared spectra indicates that there is some structure-spectra correlations

Antibiotic resistance of enterococci, coagulase negative staphylococci and staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat

We determined the antibiotic resistance of enterococci, coagulase negative staphylococci, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat samples. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains was estimated by the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion method (according to the NCCLS document M2-A9 suggestions). It was found that all strains of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline, 75% of them were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 50% of them were resistant to erythromycin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. Also all strains of S. aureus were resistant to tetracycline and 25% of S. aureus strains were resistant to erythromycin and chloramphenicol, whereas all strains of S. aureus were sensitive to teicoplanin and 25% of them were sensitive to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. As for the isolate of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), 68.1% of them were resistant to erythromycin, 77.2% of them were resistant to tetracycline, 59% of them were resistant to vancomycin, 9% of them were resistant to teicoplanin, and 27.2% of them were resistant to both chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. As a result, it was found that most of the strains (all of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp., also 77.2% CNS) were resistant to tetracycline

Searching for excellence in educational communication: The role of IQ, EQ and SQ

WOS: 000258693100008All the new approaches in different disciplines imply that education is not a static area, and the communication skills of educators play a highly important role in this non-static process. This puts forward the fact that both educators and students have to cyltivafe themselves in the search for excellence in education. In other words, "being a master in communication" is the equal responsibility of the two parties since "effective" communication requires-mutual-transaction. Even though it seems to be the responsibility of both sides, the modeling role of educators seem to be much more important throughout the education process. From this perspective, achieving excellence in the education process depends on the ability and effectiveness of educators in integrating their analytical, emotional and spiritual quotient. The competence of educators in this regard are of great importance if the students are to be guided in the best way possible. This paper dwells on the search for excellence in developing the communication skills of educators. The authors intend to discuss IQ, EQ, and SQ altogether from the perspective of communication in order to point to the significant role they play in improving educators' communication skills

Evaluation of Tetrazolium Violet and Resazurin Assays for Ciprofloxacin Susceptibility Testing of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates

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