STRESS CAN UNDERMINE THE PROCESS OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN MICE

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of stress on the process of spermatogenesis and testosterone levels of mice (Mus musculus) male. Method: This was an experimental study using a completely randomized design. The variables examined were the number of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids oval) and testoseron levels. Data analysis using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA), test a small real difference (LSD) 5%, and the kruskal wallis test. This study used 36 mice (Mus musculus) male age 2 months with 20–40 gram body weight divided into 4 groups. The control group (subcutaneous injection of 0.1 ml physiological saline), subcutaneous epinephrine injection group 0.001 mg/20 g BW, subcutaneous epinephrine injection group 0.005 mg/20 g BW, the subcutaneous injection of epinephrine 0.01 mg/20 BB gr. Result: The results show that the analysis of spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids oval), that repeated exposure to epinephrine with different doses showed that there was a significant decrease. The average decline in a row in the treated group (P1, P2, P3) compared with the control group (K0) for spermatogonia was 28.8%, 42.4%, 45.5%, to spermatocytes was 13.7%, 37.4%, 38.9% and for oval spermatids was 33.3%, 44.2%, 50.4% Having followed by LSD 5% found that there were significant differences for almost all groups except the pair P2–P3 groups for the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and partner groups P1–P2 and P2–P3. As for the blood serum levels of testosterone hormone mice showed no significant decrease. Discussion: Administration of high doses of epinephrine (as stressor) can lead to bottlenecks in the process of spermatogenesis as indicated by decreased number of spermatogenic cells but not cause a decrease in testosterone levels

MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN BERPUSAT PADA KELUARGA (FAMILY CENTERED EMPOWERMENT) DALAM KEMAMPUAN MERAWAT ANAK DENGAN LEUKEMIA

Latarbelakang: Family centered empowerment adalah intervensi keperawatan dengan meningkatkan filial value keluarga yang terdiri dari responsibility, respect, dan care keluarga. Objektif: Menyusun model Family Centered empowerment terhadap kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak leukemia. Metode: Terdapat dua desain dalam menyusun model ini. Desain tahap satu yaitu survey eksplanatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Populasi tahap satu adalah keluarga dengan anak menderita leukemia yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Seotomo. Surabaya. Sampel 140 responden direkrut dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Desain tahap dua yaitu quasy eksperimen. Populasi tahap dua adalah keluarga dengan anak menderita leukemia. Sampel 30 responden diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Variabel independen adalah family centered empowerment dan variabel dependen yaitu kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak leukemia, dan indikator anak. Data dikumpulkan dengan quisioner dan di analisis dengan Pair T-test dan independen T-test ( < 0.05). Hasil dan Temuan Baru: Terdapat pengaruh faktor keluarga dan faktor perawat terhadap family centered empowerment (T=3.80; T=6.590). Tidak terdapat pengaruh faktor penderita terhadap family centered empowerment (T=0.707). Terdapat pengaruh model family centered empowerment terhadap kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak leukemia yang terdiri dari perceived health dengan p=0.004, personal growth p=0.002, dan existensial well being dengan p=0.000( < 0.05). Terdapat pengaruh model family centered empowerment terhadap indikator kesehatan anak menderita leukemia yang terdiri dari berat badan anak yang menderita leukemia dengan nilai T-statisik sebesar p=0.000( < 0.05), nilai hitung leukosit p= 0.002( < 0.05), dan kejadian perdarahan pada anak menderita leukemia dengan nilai p= 0.041( < 0.05). Temuan baru dalam penelitian ini adalah terbentuknya model Family centered empowerment untuk meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak leukemia melalui jalur peningkatan filial value keluarga yang terdiri dari responsibility, respect, dan care dan melalui kemampuan keluarga dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap dirinya (family appraisal) dalam merawat anak leukemia. Kesimpulan: Model Family centered empowerment dapat meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak leukemia yang berdampak pada indikator kesehatan anak

COOKING CLASS ACTIVITY IMPROVES FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Introduction:Fine motor development is very important for children because it will effect motor skills for their hands, movement of the limbs associated with the movement of the fingers as a child’s preparation to write, draw and manipulate objects. If it is not fixed soon, it will effect the personality of the child. Cooking class activity uses cookie dough as a medium of playing so that the children will be trained in using of their limbs, especially fingers. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of cooking class activity to increase fine motor development of preschool children. Method:This study was a quasy experiment pre test – post test control group design. The samples were obtained by using purposive sampling. This study held in Kindergarten ‘AisyiyahBustanulAthfal 1 KertosonoNganjuk and the samples were 15 respondents devided into two group, treatment and control. The independent variable was the cooking class activity and the dependent variabel was fine motor development of preschool children, examined with Denver II test. Data was analysed by using wilcoxon signed rank test and mannwhitney u test with significance = 0.05. Result:The result of this study showed that the treatment group significantly increase in fine motor development with p = 0.008, while the control group had no significant increasing fine motor development with p = 0.083 and mannwhitney u test showed p = 0.013. Conclussion:It can be concluded that cooking class activity effect the increasing of the fine motor development of pre school children. So, it is suggested to parent, schools, and teachers to use this activity to improve the fine motor development of children. Keyword: cooking class, development, fine motor, preschool childre

FAMILY EMPOWERMENT MODEL TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE ON THE FAMILY WITH CANCER BY USING CALLAGARI NURSING MODEL

Introduction: Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled growth of tissue in the human body, refractory and fatal. Globally, cancer incidence rates around 5-20% and as the leading cause of death, including heart disease and stroke. Patients suffering from cancer in addition to suffer physically also suffer from social, psychological and even spiritual. Therefore, prevention of cancer in an integrated and holistic should involve the entire community, because of the needs of cancer patients is very complex, the need to be free of pain, need to be considered, and the need for psychological support. To help cancer patients overall serious efforts are needed and the role of the family is very important. It is necessary to empower the family. The aim of this study was to determine the model of the empowerment of the family in care in families with cancer by using a nursing model Callgari. Methods: This research uses experimental research design quasy Pre-post test design. The research sample as many as 11 people, samples taken from a population of cancer patients with a family in Puskesmas Kalijudan Surabaya. Technique purposive sampling of respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data captured demographic, assessment Calgary, knowledge, attitudes, practices in the treatment of cancer in the family. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test and Mann Whitney with significance level ≤0,05. Results: The result showed that of statistical tests Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test showed an increase in knowledge, attitudes, practices keluraga in care with family members of cancer patients before dans esudah be approached intervention model family with the value of each knowledge p=0.001, attitude p = 0.001, the practice of p = 0.001 , Calgary family interventions effectively improve the knowledge, attitudes, practices family to perform maintenance on the members of cancer patients. Discussion: The first level of health care nurses can facilitate the family to cooperate with the doctors who treat people with cancer to monitor the development of the health condition of people with cancer.. Keywords: Calgary model, childhood asthma, asthma contro

Studi Fenomenologi Pengalaman Ibu dalam Merawat Anak Stunting Usia 6 – 24 Bulan Berbasis Health Belief Model

This study aims to analyze the phenomenological description of the experiences of mothers caring for children with stunting at the age of 6-24 months. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological study design in mothers who care for children with stunting aged 6-24 months, with 15 participants selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that there were four main themes related to the experience of mothers caring for children with stunting aged 6-24 months, namely exclusive breastfeeding, the inappropriateness of MP-ASI giving, lack of mother's knowledge and non-fluent breastfeeding. In conclusion, the mother's experience in caring for stunted children, namely exclusive breastfeeding is incomplete, breastfeeding is replaced by Sufor, early MP-ASI giving, inappropriateness in giving MP-ASI, lack of knowledge of mothers about child growth, child nutrition and the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and non-current breastfeeding caused by heredity and only a little out.&nbsp; Keywords: Children, Health Belief Model, Mother, Behavior, Stuntin

Nursing Education in Indonesia: Todays and Future Role

Nursing Education in Indonesia: Todays and Future Trends. Shanghai International Nursing Conference, November 2009, Shanghai, China Abstract Societal and health care changes have presented many challenges for nursing. The challenge for nursing education is to ensure that professional education remains relevant and keeps in track with the needs of the market. These challenges include globalization, changes of patient characteristics, impacts of technology information, migration, future tendencies and other current issues in nursing development in Indonesia. A desk study was performed from relevant published materials. Literature was reviewed from means and databases of the International Council of Nurses, Indonesian Nurses National Association and electronic journals. The aim of this paper is to consider possible future societal and healthcare changes and how they may impact the development of future nursing education. A clear understanding of these factors is critical to face tomorrow challenges within global context

THE ANALYSIS FACTORS OF FAMILY SUPPORT RELATED TO EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING BASED ON PRECEDE PROCEED THEORY IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE RINBESI ATAMBUA SELATAN

Introduction: Family Support is needed to help mother to give exclusive breastfeeding. Family Support can be influenced by several factors, such as knowledge, attitude, culture, resources and the role of health workers. This Study was aimed to analyze those factors related to family Support in Public health centre Atambua Selatan. Method: This Research used cross sectional design. The population were 44 mothers of the breastfeeding mothers and breast feeding mother who have infant with age 0-6 months. Purposive sampling was used to select 26 eligible participants. The variables in this study were knowledge, attitude, culture, resources, and the role of health workers. The dependent variable was family support. Data were collected through questionare and analyzed with spearmen’s Rho correlation test with level of significant p , 0,05. Results: Result showed that the family’s knowledge (p = 0,889), attitude (p= 0,635), respurces (P = 0,651), and the role of healt workers (p = 0,169) were not significant, Culture (0,001) is wassignificant. Discussion: Based on Data analysis, it can be concluded that there were no correlation between knowledge, attitude, resources, and the role of health workers with family support with exclusive breastfeeding in Public health centre Atambua Selatan but there is correlaion between culture with family support for exclusive breastfeeding in Public health centre Atambua Selatan. Therefore, more research is needed to involving the family in improving the successful of exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, Culture, resources, Family Support

Efektivitas Terapi Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) Dibandingkan dengan Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Pasien TB

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT) compared to Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) in improving medication adherence in TB patients. The method used is a systematic review using the CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The results showed that 2 articles discussed routine treatment monitoring for face-to-face DOT at the patient's home or agreed with location during weekdays, and 8 articles discussed DOT by meeting with health department staff at TB clinics (clinic-based DOT. There were 5 articles using VOT intervention by sending videos (asynchronously) using a software application and 6 articles using VDOT conducting live video conferences while taking TB drugs.&nbsp; Keywords: Directly Observed Therapy, Tuberculosis, Video Observed Therap

DISPOSABLE DIAPER IMPACT THE TODDLER’S TOILET TRAINING READINESS

Introduction : Toilet training is an important developmental milestone in every child’s life. The children who wear cloth diapers than disposable diaper are out of diaper 12 months earlier because they can feel the wetness when they urinate. Kinds of underwear may facilitate the development of toileting skill. The objective of this study was to learn differentiation about toilet training practised between the toddler who ever wear disposable diaper and the toddler who never wear disposable diaper. Method : This study used case control design. Population was consist of 45 toddler in 24-36 month old. The samples were 34 respondents, 21 toddler as 1st group  who ever wear disposable diaper and 13 toddler as 2nd group who never one, taken according to inclusion criteria. The independent variables were wear disposable diaper and never one. The dependent variable was toilet training practised such as the toileting skill of toddler, method of toilet training by the parent, toddler readiness to start toilet training and the parents and environment readiness to start toilet training for toddler. Data were taken by using questionnaire and analysed using Mann Whitney test with significance level of  α<0.05. Result : The result showed that there was no differentiation about the toileting skill of toddler (p=0.631), method of toilet training (p=0.249), and the parents and environment readiness to start toilet training (p=0.207) between the groups. There was differentiation about the toddler readiness to start toilet training between the groups with significance level p=0.000. Analysis : It can be concluded that there are no differentiation about the toilet training practiced beetwen the groups. Discussion : Disposable diaper has influences in the toddler readiness to start toilet training. It has no influences in the toileting skill of toddler, method of toilet training by the parent, and the parents and environment readiness to start toilet training

THE DIFFERENCES FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT ON PRESCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH COLLAGE AND CLAY ART THERAPY

Introduction: Fine motor development is important and must be given some attentions. Collage and clay are kind of the art therapy that can be used to improve fine motor development in preschool children. The purpose of this study was to analyzethe differences in fine motor development on preschool children through 2-dimensional art therapy by using collage and 3-dimensional art therapy by using clayin PG Islam Maryam Surabaya.Method: This study was pre-experimental design with one group pre-posttest design. The populations wereall of the students in PG Islam Maryam Surabaya were 19 students. Total sample were 14 students taken according to inclusion criteria which consist of 7 students for Collage art therapy and 7 students for Clay art therapy. The independent variables wereCollage and Clay art therapy. The dependent variable was fine motor development. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney U Test with significance level =0.05. Result: The result showed that there is no difference in children’s fine motor before and after the collage art therapy given (p=0.157), there is difference in children’s fine motor before and after the clay art therapy (p=0.046), also there is no difference in children’s fine motor after collage and clay art therapy are given (p=1.000). Discussion and Conclusion: It can be concluded that both of collage art therapy and clay art therapy can improving fine motor deelopment of preschool childre however Cla art therapy has more effect for increasing fine motor development of preschool children.Clay has a soft texture and it possible for children to squeeze , pinch form the dough. These activity useful to stimulate the flexibility of smooth muscles of the fingers. Further studies should involve larger respondents to obtain more accurate results. Keywords: art therapy, clay, collage, fine motor development, preschool childre