Analisa Penerapan Food Safety Pada Produk Berbahan Dasar Ikan Di Restoran Puang Oca Surabaya

Seafood merupakan salah satu makanan yang rentan menyebabkan terjadinya keracunan makanan apabila pengolahannya tidak dilakukan dengan benar. Oleh karena itu penerapan food safety sangat diperlukan sebagai standar untuk mengontrol dan meminimalkan potensi bahaya pada seafood. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa penerapan food safety mulai dari tahap penerimaan, penyimpanan, persiapan, dan penyajian terhadap produk seafood, terutama produk yang berbahan dasar ikan di Restoran Puang Oca dan memberikan solusi terhadap ketidaksesuaian yang ditemukan dalam penerapannya. Dengan menggunakan analisa kualitatif deskriptif dan metode observasi serta wawancara diketahui bahwa penerapan food safety di Restoran Puang Oca telah berjalan dengan baik

Development of Porous PCL Based Microcarrier

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been used for cell cultivation due to its biocompatibility. PCL microcarrier featuring microporous structure were generated in the present study. PCL-based porous microcarrier was fabricated with different parameters by using emulsion evaporation method. From the study, size distribution of the microcarrier and the size of pore generated on microcarrier were affected by most of the parameters tested such as sterring speed, PVA concentration, camphene concentration, temperature and ratio between PCL and solvent.  Optimum pore size was generated at 20% camphene concentration with the average size of 11.74 µm which is conducive for cells to attached and populated well within the pores.  The surface properties of developed porous can be improved for potential application in cell culture research and development, as well as in tissue engineering

Studies of Malaysian Plants in Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Incidence rates vary 10-fold globally for colorectal cancer (CRC). Asia has lower rates than Western countries, but as the Western life-style becomes more prevalent in economically developing Asian countries, rates are increasing. Clinical therapy has improved over the last few decades, and national screening programmes are a proven and effective means of reducing mortality; chemoprevention through diet and life-style choices may provide additional value. Diet has strong associations with the aetiology of CRC, considerable epidemiological evidence exist that fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of CRC. There is also extensive experimental evidence that phytochemicals from fruit and vegetables can modulate pathways of carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we consider Malaysia specifically, with its rich ethnopharmacological heritage and megabiodiversity; Malaysian natural compounds may be a source of potentially chemo-protective with relevance to CRC

Agarwood Leaf Essential Oil Characterization and Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer continues to remain as the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Agents for prevention and cure for breast cancer are contiuously being researched. İn particular, agarwood essential oil from resin infiltrated heartwood has been reported to have substantial evidences of medicinal benefits. Nevertheless, there is very limited report on agarwood leaf essential oil (ALEO). Hence, this present study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties, chemical constituents and anticancer activity of ALEO. ALEO was observed to be of pale-yellow colour with sweet smell. Other physicochemical properties include refractive index of 1.44, specific gravity of 0.886, saponification value of 131.88 mg KOH/g, acid value of 2.80 mg KOH/g and iodine value of 105.07 gI2/100g. The profiling of chemical constituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed 19 compounds. Hexadecanoic acid was the major compound (64.41%). The biomarkers of agarwood; azulene (0.619%) and guaiol (0.2997%) were also detected. ALEO was tested for anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cells using WST-8 assay. ALEO showed the IC50 value of 31% (v/v) against MCF-7 cells after 36 hours of treatment. In conclusion, this study provides information on ALEO physicochemical properties and chemical constituents that can be used as benchmark for quality assurance as well as proof that ALEO holds a potential as anticancer agent

Role of PKR and Type I IFNs in Viral Control during Primary and Secondary Infection

Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to mediate viral control, and also promote survival and expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. However, it is unclear whether signaling cascades involved in eliciting these diverse cellular effects are also distinct. One of the best-characterized anti-viral signaling mechanisms of Type I IFNs is mediated by the IFN-inducible dsRNA activated protein kinase, PKR. Here, we have investigated the role of PKR and Type I IFNs in regulating viral clearance and CD8+ T cell response during primary and secondary viral infections. Our studies demonstrate differential requirement for PKR, in viral control versus elicitation of CD8+ T cell responses during primary infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). PKR-deficient mice mounted potent CD8+ T cell responses, but failed to effectively control LCMV. The compromised LCMV control in the absence of PKR was multifactorial, and linked to less effective CD8+ T cell-mediated viral suppression, enhanced viral replication in cells, and lower steady state expression levels of IFN-responsive genes. Moreover, we show that despite normal expansion of memory CD8+ T cells and differentiation into effectors during a secondary response, effective clearance of LCMV but not vaccinia virus required PKR activity in infected cells. In the absence of Type I IFN signaling, secondary effector CD8+ T cells were ineffective in controlling both LCMV and vaccinia virus replication in vivo. These findings provide insight into cellular pathways of Type I IFN actions, and highlight the under-appreciated importance of innate immune mechanisms of viral control during secondary infections, despite the accelerated responses of memory CD8+ T cells. Additionally, the results presented here have furthered our understanding of the immune correlates of anti-viral protective immunity, which have implications in the rational design of vaccines

Olhares cruzados: Relações de cuidado, classe e gênero

Responding to P. Molinier s work, this article looks to explore the continuities and ruptures between the care situation in the French institution analysed by the author, and our own research field in São Paulo, involving female social workers. First we examine how access to the field produces distinct relational configurations between researchers, interlocutors and the research subject. This is followed by an exploration of how care work reveals particular features when agents and users have the same social background, and their actions are developed in the same context.Este artigo, em diálogo com a reflexão de P. Molinier, explora as continuidades e as rupturas entre a situação de trabalho do care numa instituição francesa, analisada por essa autora, e o nosso campo de pesquisa em São Paulo, com as trabalhadoras sociais. Primeiro, vimos como a entrada em campo configura distintamente as relações tecidas entre pesquisadoras e interlocutoras e o objeto de pesquisa. Em seguida, observamos como o trabalho do cuidado ganha traços particulares, na medida em que tanto agentes e usuárias compartem a mesma origem social como as ações se desenvolvem no próprio meio

Tensile bond strength and SEM analysis of enamel etched with Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid: a comparative study In vitro

Er:YAG laser has been studied as a potential tool for restorative dentistry due to its ability to selectively remove oral hard tissue with minimal or no thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tensile bond strength (TBS) of an adhesive/composite resin system to human enamel surfaces treated with 37% phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (lambda=2.94 mum) with a total energy of 16 J (80 mJ/pulse, 2Hz, 200 pulses, 250 ms pulse width), and Er:YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid etching. Analysis of the treated surfaces was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological differences among the groups. TBS means (in MPa) were as follows: Er:YAG laser + acid (11.7 MPa) > acid (8.2 MPa) > Er:YAG laser (6.1 MPa), with the group treated with laser+acid being significantly from the other groups (p=0.0006 and p= 0.00019, respectively). The groups treated with acid alone and laser alone were significantly different from each other (p=0.0003). The SEM analysis revealed morphological changes that corroborate the TBS results, suggesting that the differences in TBS means among the groups are related to the different etching patterns produced by each type of surface treatment. The findings of this study indicate that the association between Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid can be used as a valuable resource to increase bond strength to laser-prepared enamel.A tecnologia a laser tem sido estudada como uma ferramenta potencial para uso em odontologia devido à sua habilidade em remover tecido ósseo com um mínimo ou nenhum dano aos tecidos vizinhos. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar in vitro a resistência à tração do sistema adesivo em esmalte tratado com ácido fosfórico a 37 %, laser Er:YAG (lambda=2,94 mim) com energia total de 16 J (80 mJ/pulso, 2 Hz, 200 pulsos e largura de pulso de 250 ms) e com a combinação laser Er:YAG seguido por ácido fosfórico. O teste de resistência à tração foi usado para comparar a resistência à tração em cada grupo. Foi também realizada microscopia eletrônica de varredura para permitir a análise das diferenças morfológicas entre os grupos. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores médios de resistência para os grupos tratados com: laser (6,1 MPa), ácido fosfórico (8,2 MPa) e laser mais ácido (11,7 Mpa). Amostras tratadas com laser e ácido apresentaram valores maiores de resistência do que amostras com laser ou ácido isoladamente. A análise da microscopia eletrônica revelou diferenças que corroboram os resultados, demonstrando que diferenças de resistência entre os grupos são devidas às diferenças entre os padrões superficiais resultantes. Nossos resultados sugerem que a combinação do laser Er:YAG com ácido fosfórico pode ser usada como um método para aumentar a resistência à tração do sistema esmalte resina

Towards One Key to One Lock: Catalyst Modified Indium Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Film Sensor Array for Selective Gas Detection

Homogeneous In2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were self-assembled into thin film sensor arrays on a single chip, with further surface modification by noble metal catalysts. The NP film sensor arrays show clear current responses when exposed to different target gases, and both sensitivity and selectivity were greatly improved. Particularly, the sensors modified with Au, Pd, and Pt nanocatalysts demonstrated higher sensitivity to H2S, H-2 and CO, respectively, making the gas discrimination direct and simple, like one key to one lock . The particle size dependence of the noble metal modifiers to the sensitivity was further investigated by tuning the sputtering parameters. Three different trends of sensitivities were observed, each attributed to different mechanisms. The modified nanoparticle film sensor was also fabricated on flexible substrates and the sensing performance was investigated at different bending angles