KAJIAN VARIABILITAS GALUR-GALUR PADI GOGO PADA LAHAN KERING MASAM

[VARIABILITY STUDIES OF UPLAND RICE LINES ON AN ACIDIC SOIL]. Suscessful upland rice breeding program to produce productive and adaptive to acid soil is dependent upon the extent of genetic variability of the breeding materials. Objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic coeficient of variations, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation of five traits observed from dari 298 upland rice lines and five checks varieties. A field field experiment arranged in an augmented design was conducted at the Tamanbogo Experimental Station in Lampung 1 MT 2019.. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was diversity among lines, resulting in differences in appearance on plant height, number of productive tillers, and yields. High heritability, genetic advancement, and high correlation on the number of productive tiller indicate that this character is a selection criteria so that selection can be done in an effort to improve these character

Effects of Antioxidants as Prestorage Seed Invigoration Treatments on Storability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds

Oilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 oC and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds.Bac

Biofortifikasi Untuk Peningkatan Keragaman Populasi Dasar Padi Gogo Beras Khusus

Biofortification is a process of increasing the nutritional content of agricultural commodities to meet the preferences of consumers who in recent years have begun to tend to have a healthy lifestyle. Specialty rice can include aromatic rice, sticky rice, pigmented rice and nutritious rice (rice containing zinc, iron or high anthocyanin). The limited superior varieties of upland rice causes the need to increase genetic diversity through the formation of based populations with conventional crossing. The hybridization block and F1 planting were conducted at MT 1 2019 in Muara Experimental Station-ICRR, Bogor. Crossing parents consist of advanced lines, introduced lines, local varieties and national varieties. Development of upland rice based population in MT 1 2019 resulted 64 crossbreeding combinations and 41 crossbreeding combinations among them aimed at obtaining special quality upland rice consisting of 24 single crosses, eight back crosses, seven top crosses and two double crosses. Whereas for F1 planting, upland rice for MT 1 2019 consisted of 129 numbers and 53 of them aimed at good quality rice. Of the 53 F1 numbers, 42 numbers were selected, which continued to become the bastar population (F2) in MT 2 2019 with the modification-bulk selection method.Biofortifikasi merupakan proses peningkatan kandungan gizi komoditas pertanian yang dapat diwariskan. Beras khusus dapat berwujud beras aromatik, ketan, beras berpigmen serta beras bernutrisi (beras mengandung zink, zat besi atau antosianin tinggi). Saat ini varietas unggul baru yang memiliki mutu beras khusus tersebut didominasi padi sawah. Terbatasnya varietas unggul padi gogo yang memiliki karakter mutu beras khusus menyebabkan perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman genetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah pembentukan populasi dasar padi gogo yang memiliki mutu beras khusus melalui teknik persilangan konvensional. Kegiatan persilangan meliputi pertanaman tetua persilangan dan pertanaman benih hasil persilangan (F1) dilakukan pada MT 1 2019 di Kebun Percobaan Muara-BB Padi, Bogor. Pertanaman tetua persilangan terdiri atas galur harapan, galur introduksi, varietas lokal dan varietas unggul nasional. Hasil persilangan pada MT 1 2019 menghasilkan 41 kombinasi persilangan yang bertujuan mendapatkan padi gogo bermutu beras khusus, terdiri atas 24 silang tunggal, delapan silang balik, tujuh silang puncak dan dua silang ganda. Pertanaman F1 padi gogo MT 1 2019 terdiri atas 129 nomor dan 53 kombinasi persilangan diantaranya bertujuan memiliki mutu beras khusus. Selanjutnya pada MT 2 2019, dari 53 nomor F1 terpilih 42 nomor yang dilanjutkan menjadi bastar populasi (F2) dengan metode seleksi modifikasi-bulk

Uji Cepat Toleransi Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Rendaman pada Fase Vegetatif

The major constraint of rice cultivation in the flood-prone area is the lack of tolerant varieties. A rapid screening method have to be developed under controlled environments, such as a green house, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the selection under submergence condition. The aim of this research was to study the correlation beetween selection methods in greenhouse and in the field. This experiment was conducted at a green house of Muara Experimental Station, Bogor in 2011/2012. The experimental designs used were randomized complete design for greenhouse experiment and randomized complete block design for field experiment, with three replicates respectively. There were four sub-experiments in the greenhouse experiment, grouped based on seedling age (10 days and 35 days after seeding) and duration of submergence (10 days and 14 days). Those sub-experiments in the green house were compared with the experiment in the field. The results showed that there was strong correlation between recovery percentage in the green house and percentage recovery in the field. The same correlation indeed happen between recovery percentage in the green house to grain yield. Complete submergence at 10-day-old seedlings in green house could be developed as rapid selection method for submergence tolerant rice.Keywords: aciotic stress, correlation, flooding, Oryza sativ

Galur-galur harapan padi potensial sebagai varietas unggul baru padi gogo

Lahan kering berpotensi sebagai lahan pertanaman padi. Perakitan Varietas Unggul Baru yang tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan merupakan solusi untuk mengoptimalkan produksi padi di lahan kering.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji daya hasil dan menentukan galur-galur harapan padi yang berpotensi sebagai calon varietas baru padi gogo. Penelitianini dilaksanakan  di dua lokasi yakni di Propinsi Lampung dan Jawa Barat pada musim tanam (MT). 1 2021 Penelitian menggunakan rancangan lingkungan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 40 genotip padi yang terdiri dari 36 calon VUB dan 4 varietas pembanding .  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi Indramayu diperoleh 13 galur yang hasilnya lebih tinggi dari ketiga varietas ceknya dengan kisaran hasil 4.3 – 5.0 t/ha, namun lebih rendah hasilnya dari Inpago 12. Galur-galur tersebut adalah B15322E-MR-43, B15150E-MR-11, B15151E-MR-23, B13498D-9, B15150E-MR-50, B15760F-TB-4, B15783F-TB-18, B15783F-TB-21, B15877F-TB-4, B15897F-TB-3, B15897F-TB-7, B15897F-TB-8 dan B15897F-TB-9, sedangkan UDHP di lokasi KP Tamanbogo diperoleh tujuh galur hasilnya lebih tinggi dari varietas cek Inpago 12 yaitu galur BP30475C-SKI-11-1-1-5-2, B15150E-MR-11, B15837E-TB-46, B15760F-TB-4, B15780F-TB-13, B15897F-TB-7, dan B15897F-TB-8

Augmented analysis for yield performance and agronomic characteristics of upland rice lines grown under coconut plantation

Establishment of shade-tolerant rice varieties aims to utilize the dry land under tree stands. A field experiment on rice yield under coconut plantation was conducted at farmer field in Calincing Tegalbuleud Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. The experiment involved 307 upland promising lines, 42 of which were selected in comparison to four check varieties, namely Jatiluhur, Batutugi, Limboto and Situpatenggang. The experiment was conducted according to augmented design with four replications. The analysis of variance indicated significant difference in yield per ha between blocks and no significant differences in days to flowering, plant height and number of productive tiller between blocks. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in plant height and number of productive tillers between all check varieties. Under shade of coconut plantation, some lines could perform better and had higher performance than check varieties. Four lines ofB11957SR* 232182SI2MR2PN21, B12743MR18232PN1111, B13498D9, and B12743MR18235PN1031 had significantly higher yield compared to the check variety with the highest yield, which is Limboto. The utperforming lines can be proposed as promising rice lines for shading tolerance. However, most of the lines were proved to be underperforming for yield and its components in prevailing conditions

Effects of Antioxidants as Prestorage Seed Invigoration Treatments on Storability of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds

Oilly seeds, such as those of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), have short storability (3-4 months in room condition) due to oxidative stress during storage. The objective of this research was to determine whether prestorage seed invigoration by antioxidants, could improve storability of sunflower seeds. The research was performed using fresh harvested seeds. Prestorage seed invigorations were conducted by matriconditioning with water or antioxidants solution i.e. 4.17% curcumin or 100 and 150 ppm ascorbic acid. The seeds were stored for four months at room condition (28-29 oC and 62-79% relative humidity). Observations were conducted monthly. Experiment was arranged in split plot design. The result showed that all prestorage seed invigoration treatments were not effective to enhance storability of sunflower seeds compared to control. Inefficiency exogenous antioxidants was probably due to highly endogenous antioxidants activity during storage. This was indicated by the slow deterioration rate of control seeds, or due to high concentration of curcumin which was actually potential to enhance storability of sunflower seeds. It is suggested that presowing treatment and midstorage treatment will enhance storability of sunflower seeds

Uji Cepat Toleransi Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Rendaman pada Fase Vegetatif

ABSTRACTThe major constraint of rice cultivation in the flood-prone area is the lack of tolerant varieties. A rapid screening method have to be developed under controlled environments, such as a green house, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the selection under submergence condition. The aim of this research was to study the correlation beetween selection methods in greenhouse and in the field. This experiment was conducted at a green house of Muara Experimental Station, Bogor in 2011/2012. The experimental designs used were randomized complete design for greenhouse experiment and randomized complete block design for field experiment, with three replicates respectively. There were four sub-experiments in the greenhouse experiment, grouped based on seedling age (10 days and 35 days after seeding) and duration of submergence (10 days and 14 days). Those sub-experiments in the green house were compared with the experiment in the field. The results showed that there was strong correlation between recovery percentage in the green house and percentage recovery in the field. The same correlation indeed happen between recovery percentage in the green house to grain yield. Complete submergence at 10-day-old seedlings in green house could be developed as rapid selection method for submergence tolerant rice.Keywords: aciotic stress, correlation, flooding, Oryza sativ