Symptom variation and disease severity of Sweet potato leaf curl virus on sweet potato in Gianyar

Sweet potato production fluctuates every year, one of the factors causing the decline in production is the presence of pests and diseases. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) has been reported to infect sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Until now, there is no information regarding the variation in symptoms and severity of SPLCV disease in sweet potatoes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variation in symptoms and severity of SPLCV disease in Gianyar, Bali. The research was carried out directly in the field with observational parameters such as symptoms variation, incidence and disease severity. Observations were made every week when the plants were 63 to 91 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that SPLCV causes a variety of symptoms in the form of mild vein clearing, severe vein clearing, upward vein clearing, and downward vein clearing. The incidence and severity of the disease has increased every week. The incidence and severity of the disease were highest when the plants were 91 DAP, namely 73.33% and 40%, respectively. The high incidence and severity of the disease in the field is due to the use of stem cuttings from previous plants which may have been infected with SPLCV and whitefly vectors are always found in the field

Seed priming application to increase sorghum vigor and viability of Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum is one of developed plants for food diversification because it caontains nutrients and has the potential to be an alternative crop. This is also supported by the advantages of sorghum such as adaptive, drought tolerant, salinity tolerant, wide adaptabiliti and lower water requirements for season compared to other commodities. Behind its advantages, soghum has low vigor and viability. Low vigor and viability cause low growth simultaneously. The uneven growth of sorghum makes fertilizer application and harvesting more difficult. It also increases labor costs because maintenance and harvesting cannot be done at the sam time. This can be overcome by seed priming. The purpose of seed priming is to increase the germination rate, percentage of gemination, simultaneity of growth and germination speed. This research was conducted in a controlled temperature room using a factorial randomized block design. First factor is 3 sorghum varieties and the second factor is kind of solvent (Water, Hot water, KNO3, and Ascorbic acid). The result showed that there was an interaction between sorghum varieties and kind of solvent. KNO3 gives optimal results in all sorghum varieties compared to other ingredients

Improved the growth and yield of rubber at mature period throught Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) intercropping

Rubber plants that have produced can be improved through iles-iles farming. This study aims to determine the effect of the iles-iles rubber intercropping system on soil fertility, rubber growth, and latex yield. The study used a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. The treatment compared the rubber monoculture system with iles-iles rubber intercropping. The results showed that the cultivation of iles-iles as a rubber intercropping during the mature period of two years of observation did not inhibit the growth of rubber because it was not significantly different (P = 0.255) compared to the monoculture system but had a significant (P = 0.0013) effect on the latex yield. The BEP (Break Event Point) value of this farming system was achieved at the price of wet tubers of IDR 7.139 kg-1 with a production of 2.368 kg ha-1, while the value of the LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) in this farming system was 1.84

The effect of plant distance pattern on growth and production of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Green Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench is a plant  whose fruit is used as a vegetable. The content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in okra is a natural antioxidant that is safe for the body. One way to increase okra production is to expand land by adjusting the spacing pattern. The right spacing pattern can reduce the level of competition between plants for sunlight, water, and nutrients and will reduce pests and plant disease. This study aims to obtain the right spacing pattern for maximum growth and yield of green okra plants. The research was conducted on the land owned by PT. Mitratani Dua Tujuh located in the village of wells, Ajung District, Jember Regency, using a randomizide block design with 3 replications treatment. The treathment of the spacing pattern consisted of 4 levels namely, J0 (20 cm x 40 cm x 20 cm), J1 (20 cm x 80 cm x 20 cm), J2 (15 cm x 15 cm x 80 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm) dan J3 (15 cm x 15 cm).  Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance and further test of the sallest significant difference with a level of 5%. The results showed that the spacing pattern treatment had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of stem segments,number of leaves, fruit diameter, fruit lengts,fruit weight per plant, fruit weight size S per plant, fruit production per hectare. Treatment of spacing pattern J1 (20 x 80 x 20) tended to produce fruit weight per plant and fruit production per hectare was higher than the other was treatments

Diseases Incidence and Severity of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus in Sweetpotato in Gianyar Regency, Bali

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) (Potyvirus) was first discovered in Indonesia in 2018. No one has reported information about the incidence and severity of SPFMV disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the incidence and severity of SPFMV in Gianyar, Bali. The research was carried out directly in the field with observational parameters such as symptoms, incidence and disease severity. Observations were made every week when the plants were 63 to 91 days after planting (DAP). The results showed that SPFMV causes purple ringspot symptoms. The incidence of the disease did not increase when the plants were aged 63 to 91 DAP, while the severity of the disease increased every week. The highest incidence and severity of the disease were 70% and 20.7%. The main cause of SPFMV infection in the field is probably due to the continuous use of stem cuttings from previous crops

The effect of interaction of types and dosages of liquid organic fertilizer on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth and outcome

The use of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) is expected to improve soil physical, chemical and biological fertility. Soil fertility increases, maximum plant growth will increase production both in quality and quantity. This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between the type of treatment and the dose of POC on the growth and production of eggplant. This study was a factorial experiment consisting of two factors, namely POC types consisting of 2 levels: POC kitchen waste (P1); Banana weevil POC (P2) and POC doses consisting of 4 levels: without POC (D0); 10 ml/tan (D1); 20 ml/tan (D2); 30 ml/tan (D3) with randomization according to a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were made when the eggplant plants were 10 HST with an interval of 10 days until the plants were 40 days old. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, fruit length per plant, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant, and fruit weight per plant. Observational data were analyzed using variance, if the results were significantly different it was continued with the smallest significant difference test (LSD) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the type of treatment and the dose of POC on all observed parameters. The various POC treatments significantly affected the parameters of plant height and number of leaves at all observed ages, stem diameters at 20 30, 40 DAP, and fruit weight per plant. POC dose treatment significantly affected the parameters of plant height and number of leaves at all ages of observation, stem diameter at 20, 30, and 40 DAP, number of fruit and fruit weight of the plants. Giving banana weevil POC resulted in better eggplant growth and production than kitchen waste POC. POC dose of 30 ml/plant resulted in the best eggplant growth and production. Because the results of the study showed that the effect of POC dose was still linear (the higher the POC dose, the higher the production)

Effect of biopolymer composition on the viability of Trichoderma sp. as maize-seed coating

Trichoderma spp., is a fungus with the ability to control disease and promote plant growth. The mechanism is through the activity of microparasites, antimicrobial secondary metabolites, phytohormones and mobilization of plant nutrients for plant growth and production. The purpose of this study was to examine the biopolymer composition as a seedcoating formula on corn seeds with Trichoderma as the active ingredient, namely to obtain a biopolymer composition that is able to maintain viability and inactivate Trichoderma during storage. Completely randomized design was used with a single treatment factor for the composition of the formula, i.e.; K1 is control 1 (suspension of conidia Trichoderma sp.); K2 is xanthan gum 2.5% + Na alginate 2.5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K3 is xanthan gum 5% + Na alginate 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K4 is xanthan gum 2.5% + CMC 2.5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K5 is xanthan gum 5% + CMC 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K6 is Na alginate 2.5% + CMC 2.5% + Trichoderma sp. conidia suspension. + talk; K7 is Na alginate 5% + CMC 5% + conidia suspension Trichoderma sp. + talk; K8 is control 2 (suspension of conidia Trichoderma sp. + Talc). The results obtained showed that the composition of the seedcoating formula consisting of 5% xanthan gum + 5% Na alginate + Trichoderma conidia suspension + talc up to 60 days after application of seedcoting on seeds could inactivate Trichoderma reproduction, but could not suppress the decrease in viability

The potential source of natural antioxidant agent of Casia alata microgreen

Commonly, plant was cultivated by microgreen have potentially source of natural antioxidant agents. This study was conducted to utilize Cassia alata (C. alata) as a microgreen and evaluated the potential of Microgreen gelinggang as the source of natural antioxidant agents. The seed of Cassia alata was cultivated in Rockwool at room temperature (27±1oC). At the appearance of the first true leaves, about 21 days, microgreens were harvested from a triplicate of trays with sterilized scissors. The antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) radical scavenging activity method. It was analyzed using spectrophotometry UV-VIS. The result showed that the IC50 values of Microgreen gelinggang were 1.789x103 ±0.0  µg/mL. It was a weak category antioxidant. This study indicated that the extract of Microgreen gelinggang has a potential source of natural antioxidant agents

Phytoremidation by Sansevieria sp. through absorption of Carbon Monoxide (CO)

This study aims to determine the quality of Sansevieria plants in absorbing carbon monoxide (CO) and to determine the relationship of stomatal conditions to the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) absorption. The research was conducted in the form of a 2-factor factorial experiment using a Randomized Group Design as the environmental design. The experiment consisted of 2 factors, the first factor was the variety of Sansevieria plants consisting of three varieties, namely Sansevieria trifasciata, Sansevieria cylindrica and Sansevieria green hahnii, while the second factor was the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) consisting of two levels, namely: the concentration of carbon monoxide released at 300 ppm and the concentration of carbon monoxide released at 800 ppm. The results showed that there was no interaction between varieties of Sansevieria plants with carbon monoxide concentrations on the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) gas absorption. The results showed no interaction between the varieties of Sansevieria plants and carbon monoxide concentrations in terms of the quality of carbon monoxide (CO) gas absorption. Sansevieria plant varieties that are given a carbon monoxide concentration of 300 ppm give the best effect on the total percentage of carbon monoxide gas absorption, which is 89.50%

Management of basal rot disease ("moler") of shallot with biomanci fertilizer

Shallots are often infected by fusarium basal rot (local name: Moler disease), generate by the soil borne fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. The 35-45 days after planting was vulnerable time for shallot on it disease. However, the infection process can start more early on susceptible seed. Study aim to understand the effectivity of mixture of Indian Bael, Local name Maja fruit (Aegle marmelos) and rabbit urine (Biomanci) were used as organic fertilizer and it capability to control Moler disease. Result showed the biomanci fertilizers on all treatments had no effect on the severity and incidence of plant diseases. Although there was a decrease in severity in biomanci treatment 15 and 20% at 6 week but it was not significant. The increase in disease severity was triggered by favorable weather for the development of the disease, a high rainfall and by the arrival of flooding at the study site. As a result, the AUDPC value which is in the range 250 indicates that the plant was at a vulnerable level of resistance. Disease suppression efficacy was 12-18% means that biomanci was less effective in controlling Moler disease. It was concluded that although biomanci can be used as a biopesticide, in this study biomanci acts more as a fertilizer than as a biopesticide in blue Lancor variety, which is susceptible shallot, with a small disease suppression efficacy value of 12.03%.