РОЗВИТОК ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ФАХІВЦІВ ІЗ ТРУДОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ УРСР У 1985 – 1991 рр.

The transformational processes of the «restructuring» period in the education system of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the context of the development of the pedagogical staff labour potential are discussed. The normative legal documents that influenced the reformation of the branches of economics and education are considered. A lot of attention is paid to the formation of handcraft specialists’ educational aspect in higher education institutions and in the system of qualification extension.Статья отражает трансформационные процессы системы образования в период «перестройки» в контексте развития трудового потенциала педагогических кадров на территории УССР. Рассматривает нормативно-правовые документы, которые повлияли на реформы в области экономики и образования. Особое внимание уделяется формированию образовательной составляющей специалистов по трудовой подготовки в ВУЗах и системе повышения квалификации.Стаття висвітлює трансформаційні процеси періоду «перебудови» в системі освіти у контексті розвитку трудового потенціалу педагогічних кадрів на теренах УРСР. Розглянуто нормативно-правові документи, що впливали на реформи в галузі економіки й освіти. Особливу увагу приділено формуванню освітньої складової фахівців із трудової підготовки у ВНЗ та в системі підвищення кваліфікації

Reciprocal inhibition of immunogenic performance in mice of two potent dna immunogens targeting hcv-related liver cancer

Funding Information: This study was supported by the Latvian Science Council grants LZP-2018/2-0308 to M.I. and LZP-2020/2-0376 to J.J. and M.I., and FoBe grant of Karolinska Institutet 2018-02329 to S.P. M.I. and S.P. were partly supported by EU Twinning project VACTRAIN no. 692293, and M.I. Additionally by EAVI2020 no. 681137. Funding Information: Funding: This study was supported by the Latvian Science Council grants LZP-2018/2-0308 to M.I. and LZP-2020/2-0376 to J.J. and M.I., and FoBe grant of Karolinska Institutet 2018-02329 to S.P. M.I. and S.P. were partly supported by EU Twinning project VACTRAIN no. 692293, and M.I. Additionally by EAVI2020 no. 681137. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Chronic HCV infection and associated liver cancer impose a heavy burden on the healthcare system. Direct acting antivirals eliminate HCV, unless it is drug resistant, and partially reverse liver disease, but they cannot cure HCV-related cancer. A possible remedy could be a multi-component immunotherapeutic vaccine targeting both HCV-infected and malignant cells, but also those not infected with HCV. To meet this need we developed a two-component DNA vaccine based on the highly conserved core protein of HCV to target HCV-infected cells, and a renowned tumor-associated antigen telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) based on the rat TERT, to target malignant cells. Their synthetic genes were expression-optimized, and HCV core was truncated after aa 152 (Core152opt) to delete the domain interfering with immunogenicity. Core152opt and TERT DNA were highly immunogenic in BALB/c mice, inducing IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF-α response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, DNA-immunization with TERT enhanced cellular immune response against luciferase encoded by a co-delivered plasmid (Luc DNA). However, DNA-immunization with Core152opt and TERT mix resulted in abrogation of immune response against both components. A loss of bioluminescence signal after co-delivery of TERT and Luc DNA into mice indicated that TERT affects the in vivo expression of luciferase directed by the immediate early cytomegalovirus and interferon-β promoters. Panel of mutant TERT variants was created and tested for their expression effects. TERT with deleted N-terminal nucleoli localization signal and mutations abrogating telomerase activity still suppressed the IFN-β driven Luc expression, while the inactivated reverse transcriptase domain of TERT and its analogue, enzymatically active HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, exerted only weak suppressive effects, implying that suppression relied on the presence of the full-length/nearly full-length TERT, but not its enzymatic activity. The effect(s) could be due to interference of the ectopically expressed xenogeneic rat TERT with biogenesis of mRNA, ribosomes and protein translation in murine cells, affecting the expression of immunogens. HCV core can aggravate this effect, leading to early apoptosis of co-expressing cells, preventing the induction of immune response.publishersversionPeer reviewe

РОЗВИТОК ТРУДОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ФАХІВЦІВ ІЗ ТРУДОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ УРСР У 1985 – 1991 рр.

The transformational processes of the «restructuring» period in the education system of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the context of the development of the pedagogical staff labour potential are discussed. The normative legal documents that influenced the reformation of the branches of economics and education are considered. A lot of attention is paid to the formation of handcraft specialists’ educational aspect in higher education institutions and in the system of qualification extension.Статья отражает трансформационные процессы системы образования в период «перестройки» в контексте развития трудового потенциала педагогических кадров на территории УССР. Рассматривает нормативно-правовые документы, которые повлияли на реформы в области экономики и образования. Особое внимание уделяется формированию образовательной составляющей специалистов по трудовой подготовки в ВУЗах и системе повышения квалификации.Стаття висвітлює трансформаційні процеси періоду «перебудови» в системі освіти у контексті розвитку трудового потенціалу педагогічних кадрів на теренах УРСР. Розглянуто нормативно-правові документи, що впливали на реформи в галузі економіки й освіти. Особливу увагу приділено формуванню освітньої складової фахівців із трудової підготовки у ВНЗ та в системі підвищення кваліфікації

The role of GAP-analysis in reducing the uncertainty of online marketing results for SBEs

Modern online marketing consists of a variety of interacting methods and tools. The consumer exists in the flows of marketing information. The consumer’s value acquisition process is not linear. Financial constraints at the marketing budget level for small business enterprises require reducing the uncertainty of results from the applied online marketing methods. In this paper, we look into the properties of gap analysis to study the discrepancies between the current and planned results of online marketing activities of small business enterprises. The research methodology is based on the gap analysis method, which is complemented by the methods of content analysis, cvp analysis, graphical methods, and special methods of online marketing. The study examines the properties of gaps in the transformation of online marketing informational flows. A mathematical description and graphic interpretation of the gap in the transformation of the informational flow of online marketing is proposed. The results of the study show that the use of gap analysis methods makes it possible to detail the phenomenon of consumer proactivity, reduce the uncertainty from the use of online marketing methods and improve the quality of marketing information about the consumer for small business enterprises

Research of visual political communication perception by youth: psychophysiological approach

It is proposed to use objective methods to assess the perception of visual political content for planning an effective communication strategy by the actors of political power Two experiments were conducted in the work. The first one investigates the visual attention and memorization of different types of political content (memes, photographs of political leaders, photographs of political events and posters) by young people based on the oculographic method. The second experiment is aimed at studying the emotional reactions of young people to the perception of political video content of different genres: humorous, video memes, speech of a political leader and disgusting video. An adapted version of the Differentiated Emotions Scale (DES) was used for the evaluation

Rozwój trendów i problemów dużych historycznych miast ukraińskich w XX i XXI wieku. Studium przypadku tendencji urbanistycznych i problemów w rewitalizacji dzielnicy przemysłowej

This paper analyzes the specifics of urban development in Ukraine in terms of existential growth of demographic processes and urbanization, identifies the impact of external and internal factors on the fixation of urban boundaries, functional and planning elements of the city that ensure the stability of urban systems. The important role of management processes has been noted. It is stressed that around the turn of the twentyfirst century, the role of legislation as a guarantor of balanced relations between citizens, individuals and society has increased. The problems of revitalization of non-operating industrial enterprises in the conditions of acute deficit of urban areas for development have been analyzed. On the example of urban development of Ukraine in the era of historicism-eclecticism and Secession as the main historical buildings that have survived to this day, its urban planning with the definition of problems and the need for a systematic approach to its preservation has been analyzed. Design proposals for the revitalization of industrial areas have been presented.W artykule przeanalizowano specyfikę rozwoju urbanistycznego na Ukrainie pod względem egzystencjalnego wzrostu procesów demograficznych i urbanizacji, a także zidentyfikowano wpływ zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych czynników na ustalenie granic urbanistycznych, funkcjonalnych i planistycznych elementów miasta, które zapewniają stabilność systemom miejskim. Wskazano na ważną rolę procesów zarządzania. Podkreślono, że na przełomie XX i XXI wieku powierzono legislacji rolę gwaranta rozwoju zrównoważonych stosunków pomiędzy obywatelami, jednostkami i społeczeństwem. Zanalizowano problemy rewitalizacji nieczynnych przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w warunkach ostrego deficytu obszarów inwestycyjnych w miastach. Na przykładzie rozwoju urbanistycznego Ukrainy w dobie historyzmu, eklektyzmu i secesji, w których były utrzymane główne zabytki zachowane do dziś, wraz z planowaniem miejskim i zdefiniowaniem problemów zanalizowano potrzeby systematycznego podejścia do ich ochrony. Przedstawiono również koncepcje rewitalizacji obszarów przemysłowych

Ixodes apronophorus Schulze (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): Distribution, Abundance, and Diversity of Its Mammal Hosts in West Siberia (Results of a 54-Year Long Surveillance)

Ixodes apronophorus Schulze, 1924, the marsh tick, belongs to a group of so-called “neglected” ixodid ticks, which remain underexplored compared to the most well-studied species of the genus Ixodes (I. ricinus, I. persulcatus). In this communication, we analyze and summarize the quantitative data on the abundance of this parasite, its geographical distribution, and the diversity of its small mammal hosts in the region of West Siberia (Asiatic Russia). The analyzed data represent a continuous series of observations made between 1953 and 2007, which constitutes one of the longest timeseries ever studied by acarologists. It is shown that the marsh tick in West Siberia is most common in the northern forest steppe and southern taiga landscape zones, being distributed south of 60° N. Among 24 species of small mammals registered as hosts for I. apronophorus in the studied region, three play the most important role: the European water vole (Arvicola amphibius), the tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus), and the Northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus). The data characterizing parasitism of the marsh tick on these three hosts in various landscape zones and subzones are provided. We can report a weak albeit significant negative relationship between the abundances of I. apronophorus and its small mammal hosts. The possible explanation lies in the mismatch between the cycles of abundance characteristic of the tick and its hosts

Activation of Early Proinflammatory Responses by TBEV NS1 Varies between the Strains of Various Subtypes

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging zoonosis that may cause long-term neurological sequelae or even death. Thus, there is a growing interest in understanding the factors of TBE pathogenesis. Viral genetic determinants may greatly affect the severity and consequences of TBE. In this study, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was tested as such a determinant. NS1s of three strains with similar neuroinvasiveness belonging to the European, Siberian and Far-Eastern subtypes of TBEV were studied. Transfection of mouse cells with plasmids encoding NS1 of the three TBEV subtypes led to different levels of NS1 protein accumulation in and secretion from the cells. NS1s of TBEV were able to trigger cytokine production either in isolated mouse splenocytes or in mice after delivery of NS1 encoding plasmids. The profile and dynamics of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ differed between the strains. These results demonstrated the involvement of TBEV NS1 in triggering an immune response and indicated the diversity of NS1 as one of the genetic factors of TBEV pathogenicity

Fusion to Flaviviral Leader Peptide Targets HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase for Secretion and Reduces Its Enzymatic Activity and Ability to Induce Oxidative Stress but Has No Major Effects on Its Immunogenic Performance in DNA-Immunized Mice

Reverse transcriptase (RT) is a key enzyme in viral replication and susceptibility to ART and a crucial target of immunotherapy against drug-resistant HIV-1. RT induces oxidative stress which undermines the attempts to make it immunogenic. We hypothesized that artificial secretion may reduce the stress and make RT more immunogenic. Inactivated multidrug-resistant RT (RT1.14opt-in) was N-terminally fused to the signal providing secretion of NS1 protein of TBEV (Ld) generating optimized inactivated Ld-carrying enzyme RT1.14oil. Promotion of secretion prohibited proteasomal degradation increasing the half-life and content of RT1.14oil in cells and cell culture medium, drastically reduced the residual polymerase activity, and downmodulated oxidative stress. BALB/c mice were DNA-immunized with RT1.14opt-in or parental RT1.14oil by intradermal injections with electroporation. Fluorospot and ELISA tests revealed that RT1.14opt-in and RT1.14oil induced IFN-gamma/IL-2, RT1.14opt-in induced granzyme B, and RT1.14oil induced perforin production. Perforin secretion correlated with coproduction of IFN-gamma and IL-2 (R = 0,97). Both DNA immunogens induced strong anti-RT antibody response. Ld peptide was not immunogenic. Thus, Ld-driven secretion inferred little change to RT performance in DNA immunization. Positive outcome was the abrogation of polymerase activity increasing safety of RT-based DNA vaccines. Identification of the molecular determinants of low cellular immunogenicity of RT requires further studies.Funding Agencies|Russian Foundation of Basic Research [14-04-01817]; Russian Science Foundation [15-15-30039]; EU Twinning Project VACTRAIN [692293]; Swedish Institute PI [19806_2016]</p

Cellular Immunogenicity of Novel Gene Immunogens in Mice Monitored by in Vivo Imaging

The efficient cell-mediated immune response clears cells expressing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immunogens, but there are no methods to monitor this in vivo. We hypothesized that immune-mediated clearance can be monitored in vivo if DNA immunogens are coexpressed with reporter(s). To test this, we designed genes encoding human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) fused via its N- or C-terminus to 30–amino acid-long Gly-Ala-repeat of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 or via the N-terminus to the transport signal of invariant chain/Ii or inserted between the cytoplasmic and luminal domains of lysosome-associated membrane protein I (LAMP). DNA immunogens mixed with luciferase gene were injected into BALB/c mice with subsequent electroporation. Reporter expression seen as luminescence was monitored by in vivo imaging. When luminescence faded, mice were sacrificed, and their splenocytes were stimulated with RT-derived antigens. Fading of luminescence correlated with the RT-specific secretion of interferon-γ and interleukin-2. Both immune and in vivo imaging techniques concordantly demonstrated an enhanced immunogenicity of RT-LAMP and of the N-terminal Gly-Ala-RT fusion genes. In vivo imaging performed as an animal-sparing method to estimate the overall performance of DNA immunogens, predicting it early in the experiment. So far, in vivo imaging cannot be a substitute for conventional immune assays, but it is supplementary to them. Further experiments are needed to identify which arms of cellular immune response in vivo imaging monitors best