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En número dedicado a: Cádi

Influencia de la opinión sobre la vacunación en la propagación de epidemias

Tras la pandemia de COVID-19, nuestra sociedad ha visto de forma más clara que nunca la necesidad de saber manejar los modelos epidemiológicos, y las ventajas que conlleva saber predecir el desarrollo de una infección. En este trabajo utilizamos un modelo de opiniones acoplado a uno de infección, implementados sobre una estructura de red, para ver el efecto que tiene la opinión de los agentes participantes en la dinámica sobre la transmisión de la epidemia. La opinión que nos interesa analizar es la relativa a la vacunación, donde los individuos del sistema pueden actuar favorablemente frente a esta, o estar en estado de duda.Para el modelo de opinión se ha elegido uno de umbrales, motivado por encuestas recientes realizadas en el marco de la COVID-19, donde se preguntó la opinión de los individuos respecto a la vacunación. Para el modelo epidemiológico hemos tomado un acercamiento clásico, utilizando un modelo compartimental donde se incluye la vacunación: un SIRS+V.En el trabajo analizamos este modelo híbrido de epidemia y opinión desde varios acercamientos, con el objetivo de intentar captar al máximo las características más relevantes que se dan en los conjuntos de individuos reales, y analizar de forma más precisa qué efectos tiene la opinión de los individuos en la propagación epidémica.<br /

Modelado y animación de personajes virtuales emocionales para lograr una comunicación realista con los usuarios

El trabajo se centra en el estudio, modelado y animación de personajes virtuales, un hombre y una mujer, capaces de mostrar emociones, estados de ánimo y diversos gestos que reflejen su parecido al de un ser humano y que puedan mantener una interacción cara a cara con los usuarios de forma natural. Los modelos generados y su implementación en el motor gráfico Unity ofrecen una gran variedad de posibilidades para usar los personajes en distintos tipos de aplicaciones como por ejemplo, tutores o pacientes virtuales

The importance of mineralogical knowledge in the sustainability of artisanal gold mining: a mid-south Peru case

Mineralogy and gold processing techniques from several mining areas of the Nazca-Ocoña gold belt, Mid-South Peru, were investigated to assess the efficiency of gold extraction methods in relation to their mineralogy. The deposits from this belt are intrusion gold related to mineralization in quartz veins. Native gold occurs as micrometric grains encapsulated in pyrite and in minor amounts in other sulfides and quartz. Electrum is found mainly in fractures of pyrite and attains up to 35 wt. % Ag. In addition to these occurrences, gold tellurides also occur and they are abundant in San Luis. Gold processing is carried out by amalgamation with mercury and/or cyanidation. The comparison of the gold grade in the mineralizations and in the residual tailings indicates that a significant amount of gold is not recovered using the mercury amalgamation process and also, in the case of the gold recovery by cyanidation, except when cement was added to the cyanide solution. This was due to an increase in the pH that favours the dissolution of the gold matrix. In the cyanidation process carried out in tailings previously treated with mercury, part of the mercury retained in them is released to the atmosphere or to the cyanidation fluids.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de ovario y portadoras de variante patogénica en BRCA 1/2

Este trabajo trata sobre cómo la realización del estudio genético de BRCA1 y BRCA2 puede influir en el manejo clínico del cáncer de ovario. Se trata de una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de ovario muy seleccionada por subtipo tumoral. Desde que a finales de los años 90 comenzaron a realizarse los estudios genéticos de BRCA1 y BRCA2, los criterios de selección de pacientes se han ido modificando a lo largo del tiempo. Un ejemplo importante es el cáncer de ovario seroso de alto grado ya que es suficiente éste diagnóstico para indicar la realización del test, independientemente de la edad de diagnóstico (el cáncer hereditario suele presentarse a edades más jóvenes) y de la presencia o no de antecedentes familiares. La realización del test en estas pacientes es de gran importancia ya la frecuencia de detección de variantes patogénicas es elevada y además influye en las decisiones terapeúticas. También aporta información pronóstica y permite ofrecer medidas de diagnóstico precoz y reducción de riesgo de segundos tumores. Es un trabajo original y sobre un tema actual que evalúa en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de ovario seroso de alto grado cómo la realización del test influye en su manejo clínico

Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Au-Ag-Te-(Bi-Se) San Luis Alta Deposit, Mid-South Peru.

A mineralogical and mineral chemistry study was carried out in the San Luis Alta telluriderich gold deposit, mid-south Peru, to contribute towards determining its formation and improving the ore processing. The San Luis mineralization is considered an intrusion-related gold deposit located in the Arequipa segment of the Coastal Batholith. The mineralization occurs in quartz veins hosted in diorites and granodiorites from the Tiabaya Super-Unit. These veins are sulfide-rich in the deep areas and contain abundant iron oxides. Sulfides are mainly pyrite with minor chalcopyrite and galena. Native gold and telluride minerals are abundant. Mineral chemistry was determined using an electron microprobe. The mineralogy of veins was classified into four stages. Gold occurs in the three last stages either in large grains, visible to the naked eye, or, more frequently, in grains of less than 10 m. Gold appears as grains encapsulated in pyrite, Fe oxides, quartz and filling fractures. The first stage is characterized by the deposition of quartz and massive pyrite, which does not contain gold. During the second stage, hessite, calaverite, petzite and altaite are formed. Additionally, Bi-tellurides, mainly volynskite, rucklidgeite, kochkarite and tellurobusmuthine, are formed. Some of these minerals occur as blebs encapsulated in pyrite, suggesting that a Bi-Te-rich melt was formed from the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid and transported the Au and Ag elements. This stage was followed by a fracturing event and tellurobismuthite, tetradymite and montbrayite precipitated. In the last stage, a supergene replacement formed covellite, bornite and goethite. Te-Bi minerals do not appear in this stage, but selenium minerals occur in minor amounts. Chlorargyrite and iodargyrite occur and are associated with gold

The Importance of Mineralogical Knowledge in the Sustainability of Artisanal Gold Mining: A Mid-South Peru Case

Mineralogy and gold processing techniques from several mining areas of the Nazca-Ocoña gold belt, Mid-South Peru, were investigated to assess the efficiency of gold extraction methods in relation to their mineralogy. The deposits from this belt are intrusion gold related to mineralization in quartz veins. Native gold occurs as micrometric grains encapsulated in pyrite and in minor amounts in other sulfides and quartz. Electrum is found mainly in fractures of pyrite and attains up to 35 wt. % Ag. In addition to these occurrences, gold tellurides also occur and they are abundant in San Luis. Gold processing is carried out by amalgamation with mercury and/or cyanidation. The comparison of the gold grade in the mineralizations and in the residual tailings indicates that a significant amount of gold is not recovered using the mercury amalgamation process and also, in the case of the gold recovery by cyanidation, except when cement was added to the cyanide solution. This was due to an increase in the pH that favours the dissolution of the gold matrix. In the cyanidation process carried out in tailings previously treated with mercury, part of the mercury retained in them is released to the atmosphere or to the cyanidation fluid

The Scarface Score: Deciphering Response to DNA Damage Agents in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer—A GEICO Study

Genomic instability; Machine learningInestabilidad genómica; Aprendizaje automáticoInestabilitat genòmica; Aprenentatge automàticGenomic Instability (GI) is a transversal phenomenon shared by several tumor types that provide both prognostic and predictive information. In the context of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), response to DNA-damaging agents such as platinum-based and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has been closely linked to deficiencies in the DNA repair machinery by homologous recombination repair (HRR) and GI. In this study, we have developed the Scarface score, an integrative algorithm based on genomic and transcriptomic data obtained from the NGS analysis of a prospective GEICO cohort of 190 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from patients diagnosed with HGSOC with a median follow up of 31.03 months (5.87–159.27 months). In the first step, three single-source models, including the SNP-based model (accuracy = 0.8077), analyzing 8 SNPs distributed along the genome; the GI-based model (accuracy = 0.9038) interrogating 28 parameters of GI; and the HTG-based model (accuracy = 0.8077), evaluating the expression of 7 genes related with tumor biology; were proved to predict response. Then, an ensemble model called the Scarface score was found to predict response to DNA-damaging agents with an accuracy of 0.9615 and a kappa index of 0.9128 (p < 0.0001). The Scarface Score approaches the routine establishment of GI in the clinical setting, enabling its incorporation as a predictive and prognostic tool in the management of HGSOC.This research was partially funded by GVA Grants “Subvencions per a la realització de projectes d’i+d+i desenvolupats per grups d’investigació emergents (GV/2020/158)” and “Ayudas para la contratación de personal investigador en formación de carácter predoctoral” (ACIF/2016/008) and “Beca de investigación traslacional Andrés Poveda 2020” from GEICO group. This study was awarded the Prize “Antonio Llombart Rodriguez-FINCIVO 2020” from the Royal Academy of Medicine of the Valencian Community

Experiences of mining engineering students in cooperation for development

Future engineers, in addition to technical knowledge, should incorporate in their academic curricula aspects that contribute to make mining a sustainable activity. This will contribute to changing the concept that society has about mining and to be a socially accepted activity. In the mining engineering studies at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), students have the opportunity to develop cooperation projects together with professors and other staff members. They all collaborate with artisanal miners from different underdeveloped countries, mainly from Latin America, and contribute to making mining more environmentally friendly. Moreover, they have the opportunity to acquire a social sensitivity that can be of great importance during the development of their professional career. This study presents some experiences of undergraduate, master, and doctoral students in cooperation activities in mining. The projects were developed as a collaboration between UPC and universities or NOGs in Latin America. The activities have been carried out in underdeveloped areas where mining is practiced with a high environmental impact and poor use of resources. A survey among the participants in the projects shows the students' favourable perception of this activity.This work has been carried out with the support of the Centre de Cooperació per al Desenvolupament (CCD-UPC), which financed the Cooperation projects. We thank the NGO Mineria per al Desenvolupament for its contribution to the development of the projects

Experiences of Mining Engineering students in cooperation for development

Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i BenestarObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::8 - Treball Decent i Creixement EconòmicObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al ClimaObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::17 - Aliança per a Aconseguir els ObjetiusPostprint (published version