Matter and physical anisotropy of ultramafites of the Barkhatny massif (Kuznetsk Alatau ridge, Western Siberia) as criteria of their mineral potential for geological prospecting works

A complex of petrographic, petrofabric, and paleomagnetic analyses that was carried out for rocks from an ultrabasic massif of the Barkhatnaya Mountain in the Northern part of the Kuznetsk Alatau allowed us to prove that internal anisotropy of mineral aggregates had deformation-type evolution, which indicates possible plastic exhumation of lithosphere mantle fragments into upper crust levels. Complete conformity of geophysical and petrofabric parameters points out high possibility of multistage model for obduction of ophiolite association segments proposed for this region. Taking into account specifics of minerageny for such complexes (chromite ores and noble metals, asbestos and nephrites), we offer a new technology for geological prospecting works at the stage of estimating mineral potential of such geological objects, which is based on the presence of differently oriented systems of mineral plane orientation.Проведенный нами комплекс структурно-петрологических и палеомагнитных исследований для ультрабазитов Бархатно- го массива на северном склоне Кузнецкого Алатау подтверждает, что внутренняя анизотропия минеральных агрегатов име- ла деформационную эволюцию, которая указывает на возможную пластическую эксгумацию фрагментов мантии литосферы в верхние горизонты земной коры. Полное соответствие геофизических и петроструктурных параметров отмечает высокую вероятность многостадийной обдукции фрагментов офиолитовой ассоциации, предлагаемой для этого региона. Принимая во внимание особенности минерагении (хромитовые руды и благородные металлы, асбест и нефрит) для таких комплексов мы предлагаем новые методы геологоразведочных работ на стадии оценки рудоносности геологических объектов, которые харак- теризуются дискретными вариациями пространственной ориентировки элементов текстурной анизотропии пород

Economic potential and development prospects of small businesses in rural areas

The article examines the role of small business in the development of rural areas by the example of bakery production. Moreover, it demonstrates the need for the interaction of small bakery businesses with large enterprises of the industry and grain processors. The article reveals the development trends of small bakery production in rural areas. The conditions for the participation of small bakery businesses in rural areas in the development of the production of functional and specialized bread are substantiated. The article proposes the directions and mechanisms of support for small bakery production at the level of rural territories. The development of modern methods of redistribution of bakery production in proportion to the living population, measures of state support for small bakery production and expansion of the range of bread products that contribute to improving the health of the population of Russia, is the theme of this study. The object of the research is the development of small bakery production as a condition for improving the quality of life of the population in rural areas. The subject of the research is production and management relations that ensure the development of small bakery production and its impact on the quality of life of the population in rural areas.peer-reviewe

Плоскоклеточная метаплазия как проявление мочеполового шистосомоза и его осложнений

Background. Leukoplakia or squamous metaplasia (SM) of the bladder detect with the endoscopic diagnostic with urothelial biopsy. The reason for the development of SM, besides irritation of a mucous membrane by chemical reagents or drugs, is prolonged exposure of schistosome eggs (Schistosoma haematobium), penetrating into the bladder during invasion. The most common cause of urothelial SM is urogenital schistosomiasis (US) and one of the most known and dangerous its complications is schistosomiasis bladder cancer (sBC). Features of cellular mechanisms linking the schistosomes invasion with the development of sBC are not well studied. Urothelial SM use to indicate by the presence of cancerous transformation, or may be a marker of long-term inflammation. The flow of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder usually is accompanied by a keratinizing SM. Taking into account the socio-political conditions of the modern world and the development of tourism, the relevance of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with those diseases continues to grow. Materials and methods. The results of observation the group of 181 residents of the Republic of Angola with gross haematuria analyzed from 2009 till 2010. US verified in all cases. We conducted urine tests for detection of schistosomes, cytological examination of urine sediment (CEUS), ultrasound and endoscopic diagnostic methods, biopsy of the urothelium. The database of the hospitals used in the statistical analysis.Results. In 142 (78.5 %) cases uncomplicated US confirmed, at 39 (21.5 %) patients sBC revealed. Schistosomes invasion and trichomonas were combined in 21 (14.8 %) cases. Changes and thickness of the bladder wall by ultrasound were accompanied with the SM in 26.8 % cases. The combination of SM and hydronephrosis caused by ureteral stenosis due to US were founded in 2 (1.4 %) cases. The coincidence cases of PM with ultrasound picture, featuring for manifestations US did not exceed 14.1 %. Cystoscopically SM detected at 76 (53.5 %) patients. The SM confirmed by complex of CEUS, cystoscopy and ultrasound in cases of gross granulomatous mucosal changes of the bladder wall with a significant (> 8 mm) thickening of the body wall. SM verified in 25 (64.1 %) cases with sBC (median age 29.25 years). The incidence of metaplasia was directly correlated with the stage of cancer. All patients with US and sBC were treated with praziquantel 40 mg / kg and, additionally, with fluoroquinolones in non-specific bacteriuria cases (28.9 %) and with antiprotozoa’s in cases of trichomoniasis (14.8 %). Control cystoscopy performed 10 days after the end of treatment. After the course of conservative therapy all symptoms of SM disappeared, without need to specialized surgical treatment.Conclusion. Identifying SM in patients with sBC does not have independent clinical significance: it was founded in conjunction with other specific mucosal changes, may accompany the uncomplicated forms of US and was not detected in patients with sBC in early stages. Therefore we are not being able to use that change as specific marker of the cancer transformation. The complete regression of dysplastic urothelium changes verified at the end of conservative treatment. Further study of the structure and changes of the bladder epithelium in patients with US is very important for understand the pathogenesis of tumor growth and for keeping a highquality of life for young patients with firstly revealed bladder cancer of parasitic nature.Введение. Лейкоплакию, или плоскоклеточную метаплазию (ПМ) мочевого пузыря, выявляют при эндоскопической диагностике с биопсией уротелия. Помимо раздражения слизистой оболочки химическими реагентами или лекарственными средствами причиной развития ПМ служит длительное воздействие яиц шистосом (Schistosoma haematobium), проникающих в мочевой пузырь при инфицировании. Наиболее частой причиной ПМ является мочеполовой шистосомоз (МШ) с одним из наиболее известных и опасных осложнений – шистосомным раком мочевого пузыря (шРМП). Течение шРМП, как правило, сопровождается ороговевающей ПМ. Особенности клеточных механизмов, связывающих шистосомную инвазию с развитием шРМП, изучены недостаточно. ПМ может указывать на наличие раковой трансформации или служить маркером длительного воспалительного процесcа. С учетом социально-политических условий современного мира и развития туризма актуальность вопросов диагностики и лечения больных этими видами патологии возрастает.Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты наблюдения 181 жителя Республики Ангола, обратившихся с макрогематурией, за 2009–2010 гг. У всех пациентов верифицирован МШ. Выполняли тесты мочи на выявление шистосом, цитологическое исследование осадка мочи (ЦИОМ), лучевые и эндоскопические методы диагностики, биопсию уротелия. При статистическом анализе использовали госпитальные базы данных.Результаты. В 142 (78,5 %) случаях был подтвержден неосложненный МШ, у 39 (21,5 %) пациентов выявлен шРМП (средний возраст 29,25 года). В 21 (14,8 %) случае МШ инвазия шистосом сочеталась с трихомонадной инфекцией, яйца шистосом в осадке мочи определены лишь в 20 % случаев. Изменения структуры и толщины стенки мочевого пузыря по данным ультразвукового исследования сочетались с ПМ в 26,8 % случаев. Сочетание ПМ и гидронефроза за счет стеноза устья мочеточника на фоне МШ обнаружено у 2 (1,4 %) пациентов. Совпадение случаев ПМ с ультразвуковой картиной, характерной для проявлений МШ, не превышало 14,1 %. При цистоскопии ПМ отмечена у 76 (53,5 %) больных. В большинстве случаев ПМ была подтверждена при сочетании ЦИОМ, цистоскопии и ультразвукового исследования при грубых гранулематозных изменениях слизистой оболочки мочевого пузыря и значительном (свыше 8 мм) утолщении стенки органа. Среди пациентов с шРМП ПМ верифицирована в 25 (64,1 %) случаях. Частота встречаемости метаплазии напрямую коррелировала со стадией опухолевого процесса. Всем больным проводили терапию празиквантелом 40 мг / кг. При бактериурии (28,9 %) дополнительно назначали фторхинолоны, при трихомониазе (14,8 %) – антипротозойные средства. Контрольную цистоскопию выполняли спустя 10 дней после окончания лечения. После завершения курса терапии все явления ПМ были купированы, специализированное хирургическое лечение не проводили.Выводы. Выявление ПМ у больных МШ не имеет самостоятельного клинического значения, поскольку встречается в комплексе с другими специфическими изменениями слизистой оболочки, а также не определяется на ранних стадиях опухолевого процесса. ПМ сопровождает неосложненные формы МШ, при консервативном лечении отмечается полная регрессия диспластических изменений уротелия. Дальнейшее изучение структуры и поведения эпителия мочевого пузыря у больных МШ чрезвычайно важно для понимания патогенеза опухолевого роста и сохранения высокого качества жизни молодых пациентов с впервые выявленным раком мочевого пузыря паразитарной природы

Decay of the turbulent cascade of capillary waves on the charged surface of liquid hyrdrogen.

We study the free decay of capillary turbulence on the charged surface of liquid hydrogen. We find that the decay begins from the high frequency spectral domains of the surface oscillations and is of a quasi-adiabatic character. The characteristic relaxation time of the whole turbulent cascade is close to the viscous damping time for capillary waves of frequency equal to the driving frequency

Effect of lithium borate coating on the electrochemical properties of LiCoO2 electrode for lithium-ion batteries

The effect of a protective coating of fused lithium borate, Li3BO3, on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of LiCoO2 has been studied. A cathode material produced by the SCS method using binary organic fuel, glycine and citric acid. The influence of the experiment conditions on the morphology, crystal structure and specific surface of lithium cobaltite was studied. Electrochemical testing of LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 samples, n = 5 and 7 mass %, has been performed in the cathode Li|Li+-electrolyte|LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 half-cell using 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC mixture (1:1) as electrolyte in the 2.7-4.3 V range at normalized discharge current С/10, С/5, С/2. The maximal initial discharge capacity of 185 mAh/g was detected for the samples with 5 mass % Li3BO3. The coulomb efficiency of optimal materials in the 40th cycle was 99.1%

Parametric generation of second sound in superfluid helium: linear stability and nonlinear dynamics

We report the experimental studies of a parametric excitation of a second sound (SS) by a first sound (FS) in a superfluid helium in a resonance cavity. The results on several topics in this system are presented: (i) The linear properties of the instability, namely, the threshold, its temperature and geometrical dependencies, and the spectra of SS just above the onset were measured. They were found to be in a good quantitative agreement with the theory. (ii) It was shown that the mechanism of SS amplitude saturation is due to the nonlinear attenuation of SS via three wave interactions between the SS waves. Strong low frequency amplitude fluctuations of SS above the threshold were observed. The spectra of these fluctuations had a universal shape with exponentially decaying tails. Furthermore, the spectral width grew continuously with the FS amplitude. The role of three and four wave interactions are discussed with respect to the nonlinear SS behavior. The first evidence of Gaussian statistics of the wave amplitudes for the parametrically generated wave ensemble was obtained. (iii) The experiments on simultaneous pumping of the FS and independent SS waves revealed new effects. Below the instability threshold, the SS phase conjugation as a result of three-wave interactions between the FS and SS waves was observed. Above the threshold two new effects were found: a giant amplification of the SS wave intensity and strong resonance oscillations of the SS wave amplitude as a function of the FS amplitude. Qualitative explanations of these effects are suggested.Comment: 73 pages, 23 figures. to appear in Phys. Rev. B, July 1 st (2001

Effect of Lithium Borate Coating on the Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO2 Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Received: 13.10.2020. Revised: 18.11.2020. Accepted: 26.11.2020. Available online: 21.12.2020.This article belongs to the regular issue.The effect of a protective coating of fused lithium borate, Li3BO3, on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of LiCoO2 has been studied. A cathode material produced by the SCS method using binary organic fuel, glycine and citric acid. The influence of the experiment conditions on the morphology, crystal structure and specific surface of lithium cobaltite was studied. Electrochemical testing of LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 samples, n = 5 and 7 mass %, has been performed in the cathode Li|Li+-electrolyte|LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 half-cell using 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC mixture (1:1) as electrolyte in the 2.7-4.3 V range at normalized discharge current С/10, С/5, С/2. The maximal initial discharge capacity of 185 mAh/g was detected for the samples with 5 mass % Li3BO3. The coulomb efficiency of optimal materials in the 40th cycle was 99.1%.The work was performed in accordance with the state as-signments of the Institute of Chemistry of Solids of the Ural Branch of the RAS, No. AAAA-A19-119031890026-6 and No. АААА-А19-119102990044-6, the state assignment of the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the RAS, No. АААА-А19-119061890019-5, and Thematic map No. 0089-2019-0007 «Functional materials for chemical power sources»

Обеспечение качества поверхностного слоя изделий с гетерогенными покрытиями при механической обработке

It is shown that when machining products from materials with heterogeneous structure, possibilities of management of a condition of a blanket are significantly limited. As an example of management, cutting processing of products from materials with heterogeneous structure – turning of high-strength flame evaporated coverings is considered. Because for an amorphous component of heterogeneous coverings the lack of deformation hardening is peculiar considerable deformation of the cut-off material is observed at their processing and characteristic shaving is formed. Highintensity thermobaric impact on the processed heterogeneous material leads to partial crystallization in a thin blanket with the high content of an amorphous phase. As a result of researches the criterion which quantitatively estimates the statistics, which complexly characterize uniformity of structure of materials and dispersion of their properties, is offered. The criterion allows defining ability of materials to be exposed to cutting without carrying out long experiments.Показано, что при механической обработке изделий из материалов с гетерогенной структурой возможности управления состоянием поверхностного слоя существенно ограничиваются. В качестве примера управления рассмотрена лезвийная обработка изделий из материалов с гетерогенной структурой – точение высокопрочных покрытий, нанесенных газопламенным напылением. В связи с тем что для аморфной составляющей гетерогенных покрытий свойственно отсутствие деформационного упрочнения, при их обработке наблюдается значительная деформация срезаемого материала и образуется характерная стружка. Высокоинтенсивное термобарическое воздействие на обрабатываемый гетерогенный материал приводит к частичной кристаллизации в тонком поверхностном слое с высоким содержанием аморфной фазы. Предложен критерий, количественно оценивающий статистические показатели, которые комплексно характеризуют однородность структуры материалов, разброс их свойств по величине. Критерий позволяет определить способность материалов подвергаться резанию без проведения длительных экспериментов