Proizvodnja antikomplementnih egzopolisaharida submerznim uzgojem gljive Flammulina velutipes

Seven species of basidiomycetes have been investigated for anti-complementary activity in hot water extracts and ethanol soluble fractions. Since Flammulina velutipes had the most potent activity, culture conditions for its mycelial growth were optimized to increase the production efficiency of anti-complementary exopolysaccharides. The optimal medium composition was (in g/L): galactose 15, sodium nitrate 5, glutamic acid 3, KH2PO4 2.5 and MgSO4·7H2O 0.6. Optimal production of anti-complementary activity was achieved at pH=3.5–5.5 and 25 °C. With these optimal medium and culture conditions, mycelial dry mass was maximized at 3.17 mg/mL after 6 days of cultivation in a 5-liter stirred-tank bioreactor, without pH control. The anti-complementary activity of exopolysaccharides increased sharply after 4 days of cultivation, and showed a high level at 5–6 days of cultivation. A periodate-labile carbohydrate moiety played a leading role in the anti-complementary activity exhibited by exopolysaccharide produced from F. velutipes. Results of tests on the anti-complementary activity in the absence of Ca²+ and immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the mode of complement activation by exopolysaccharide from F. velutipes is via both the classical and alternative pathways and that the activation degree is almost the same in each pathway.Istražena je antikomplementna aktivnost spojeva ekstrahiranih vrućom vodom i etanolom iz sedam vrsta gljiva stapčara. Optimirani su uvjeti uzgoja micelija gljive s najvećom aktivnosti, Flammulina velutipes, radi povećanja proizvodnje antikomplementnih egzopolisaharida. Optimalni sastav podloge bio je (u g/L): galaktoza 15, natrijev nitrat 5, glutamična kiselina 3, KH2PO4 2,5 i MgSO4·7H2O 0,6. Optimalna proizvodnja postignuta je pri pH=3,5-5,5 i 25 ºC. Pri tim uvjetima proizvedena je maksimalna količina suhe tvari od 3,17 mg/L nakon 6 dana uzgoja u bioreaktoru s miješalicom zapremnine 5 L, bez kontrole pH-vrijednosti. Antikomplementna aktivnost egzopolisaharida naglo se povećala nakon 4 dana, te je bila visoka nakon 5-6 dana uzgoja. Šećerni je ostatak, podložan djelovanju perjodata, glavni razlog antikomplementne aktivnosti egzopolisaharida gljive F. velutipes. Rezultati testiranja takve aktivnosti u odsutnosti Ca²+ iona i imunoelektroforeza upućuju na to da se komplementi egzopolisaharida iz F. velutipes aktiviraju klasičnim i alternativnim putem te da je stupanj aktivacije skoro jednak za oba puta

Cyclic ADP Ribose-Dependent Ca2+ Release by Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Acutely Dissociated Rat Hippocampal Neurons

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (group I mGluRs; mGluR1 and mGluR5) exert diverse effects on neuronal and synaptic functions, many of which are regulated by intracellular Ca2+. In this study, we characterized the cellular mechanisms underlying Ca2+ mobilization induced by (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG; a specific group I mGluR agonist) in the somata of acutely dissociated rat hippocampal neurons using microfluorometry. We found that DHPG activates mGluR5 to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive stores via cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR), while the PLC/IP3 signaling pathway was not involved in Ca2+ mobilization. The application of glutamate, which depolarized the membrane potential by 28.5±4.9 mV (n = 4), led to transient Ca2+ mobilization by mGluR5 and Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. We found no evidence that mGluR5-mediated Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels interact to generate supralinear Ca2+ transients. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by mGluR5 in the somata of hippocampal neurons

Aerobic training with rhythmic functional movement: Influence on cardiopulmonary function, functional movement and Quality of life in the elderly women

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rhythm of aerobic exercise in elderly women. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: The aerobic exercise with rhythm (experimental group, n=9) and aerobic exercise without rhythm (control group, n=10). All subjects performed aerobic exercise composed of functional movements. During the exercise, control group subjects were performed the functional movement exercise only to the beat without music or rhythm and experimental group subjects were performed the functional movement exercise to the rhythm of the music. All subjects performed exercise for 50 minutes, twice a week, total of 8 weeks. The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured. Functional movements were assessed using FMS (Functional Movement Screen). Quality of life (QOL) were assessed using SF-36. Evaluation was performed before and after 8 weeks of exercise and one month later for follow-up. The FVV, FVC1, MVV, FMS, and SF-36 have shown a significant difference in time as a result of the two-way repeated-measures analysis. The post mean change of FVC1, MVV, FMS, and SF-36 were significantly different between groups. In this study, aerobic exercise, which is composed of rhythmic functional movement, helped improve functional movement and QOL for the elderly women. When the experimental group and the control group were compared, the improvement of the experimental group with music and rhythm was more positive than the exercise using the same functional movement.This research was supported by the Daejeon University fund (2017)

Retroperitoneoscopic Partial Nephrectomy in a Horseshoe Kidney

A 21-year-old woman with a 4 cm enhancing cystic renal mass in the left moiety of a horseshoe kidney was treated through a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The tumor was excised completely with cold scissors, and renal parenchyma suturing with a surgical bolster was done with Vicryl 2-0 sutures. Choosing the proper approach according to the location of the lesion and the surgeon's experience with both approaches are of importance in laparoscopic surgery in horseshoe kidney cases. A preoperative kidney computed tomography angiography was helpful for understanding the complex renal vasculature

Proizvodnja antikomplementnih egzopolisaharida submerznim uzgojem gljive Flammulina velutipes

Seven species of basidiomycetes have been investigated for anti-complementary activity in hot water extracts and ethanol soluble fractions. Since Flammulina velutipes had the most potent activity, culture conditions for its mycelial growth were optimized to increase the production efficiency of anti-complementary exopolysaccharides. The optimal medium composition was (in g/L): galactose 15, sodium nitrate 5, glutamic acid 3, KH2PO4 2.5 and MgSO4·7H2O 0.6. Optimal production of anti-complementary activity was achieved at pH=3.5–5.5 and 25 °C. With these optimal medium and culture conditions, mycelial dry mass was maximized at 3.17 mg/mL after 6 days of cultivation in a 5-liter stirred-tank bioreactor, without pH control. The anti-complementary activity of exopolysaccharides increased sharply after 4 days of cultivation, and showed a high level at 5–6 days of cultivation. A periodate-labile carbohydrate moiety played a leading role in the anti-complementary activity exhibited by exopolysaccharide produced from F. velutipes. Results of tests on the anti-complementary activity in the absence of Ca²+ and immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the mode of complement activation by exopolysaccharide from F. velutipes is via both the classical and alternative pathways and that the activation degree is almost the same in each pathway.Istražena je antikomplementna aktivnost spojeva ekstrahiranih vrućom vodom i etanolom iz sedam vrsta gljiva stapčara. Optimirani su uvjeti uzgoja micelija gljive s najvećom aktivnosti, Flammulina velutipes, radi povećanja proizvodnje antikomplementnih egzopolisaharida. Optimalni sastav podloge bio je (u g/L): galaktoza 15, natrijev nitrat 5, glutamična kiselina 3, KH2PO4 2,5 i MgSO4·7H2O 0,6. Optimalna proizvodnja postignuta je pri pH=3,5-5,5 i 25 ºC. Pri tim uvjetima proizvedena je maksimalna količina suhe tvari od 3,17 mg/L nakon 6 dana uzgoja u bioreaktoru s miješalicom zapremnine 5 L, bez kontrole pH-vrijednosti. Antikomplementna aktivnost egzopolisaharida naglo se povećala nakon 4 dana, te je bila visoka nakon 5-6 dana uzgoja. Šećerni je ostatak, podložan djelovanju perjodata, glavni razlog antikomplementne aktivnosti egzopolisaharida gljive F. velutipes. Rezultati testiranja takve aktivnosti u odsutnosti Ca²+ iona i imunoelektroforeza upućuju na to da se komplementi egzopolisaharida iz F. velutipes aktiviraju klasičnim i alternativnim putem te da je stupanj aktivacije skoro jednak za oba puta