Difference in the color stability of direct and indirect resin composites

Indirect resin composites are generally regarded to have better color stability than direct resin composites since they possess higher conversion degree. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at comparing the changes in color (ΔE) and color coordinates (ΔL, Δa and Δb) of one direct (Estelite Sigma: 16 shades) and 2 indirect resin composites (BelleGlass NG: 16 shades; Sinfony: 26 shades) after thermocycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resins were packed into a mold and light cured; post-curing was performed on indirect resins. Changes in color and color coordinates of 1-mm-thick specimens were determined after 5,000 cycles of thermocycling on a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: ΔE values were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 units for direct resins, and 0.3 to 1.5 units for indirect resins, which were clinically acceptable (Δ

Axillary accessory breast carcinoma masquerading as axillary abscess: a case report

Accessory breast is a frequently seen developmental breast abnormality, commoner among Asians than Caucasians. This ectopic breast tissue shares many similarities as the normal breast tissue, and although subjected to the same pathological processes, accessory breast carcinoma is rare. As locations of the accessory breast may be variable, detection of pathological lesions through clinical examinations and standard diagnostic tools (i.e., mammogram) can be difficult. Staging and management should be tailored-made according to the location of the accessory breast as well as its known pattern of lymphatic drainage. We report a case of an intra-ductal carcinoma occurring in an axillary accessory breast

Axillary accessory breast carcinoma masquerading as axillary abscess: a case report

Accessory breast is a frequently seen developmental breast abnormality, commoner among Asians than Caucasians. This ectopic breast tissue shares many similarities as the normal breast tissue, and although subjected to the same pathological processes, accessory breast carcinoma is rare. As locations of the accessory breast may be variable, detection of pathological lesions through clinical examinations and standard diagnostic tools (i.e., mammogram) can be difficult. Staging and management should be tailored-made according to the location of the accessory breast as well as its known pattern of lymphatic drainage. We report a case of an intra-ductal carcinoma occurring in an axillary accessory breast

Influence of HEMA content on the mechanical and bonding properties of experimental HEMA-added glass ionomer cements

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of incrementally added uncured HEMA in experimental HEMA-added glass ionomer cement (HAGICs) on the mechanical and shear bond strength (SBS) of these materials. Increasing contents of uncured HEMA (10-50 wt.%) were added to a commercial glass ionomer cement liquid (Fuji II, GC, Japan), and the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of the resulting HAGICs were measured. The SBS to non-precious alloy, precious alloy, enamel and dentin was also determined after these surfaces were subjected to either airborne-particle abrasion (Aa) or SiC abrasive paper grinding (Sp). Both strength properties of the HAGICs first increased and then decreased as the HEMA content increased, with a maximum value obtained when the HEMA content was 20% for the compressive strength and 40% for the tensile strength. The SBS was influenced by the HEMA content, the surface treatment, and the type of bonding surface (

CLARA: Classifying and Disambiguating User Commands for Reliable Interactive Robotic Agents

In this paper, we focus on inferring whether the given user command is clear, ambiguous, or infeasible in the context of interactive robotic agents utilizing large language models (LLMs). To tackle this problem, we first present an uncertainty estimation method for LLMs to classify whether the command is certain (i.e., clear) or not (i.e., ambiguous or infeasible). Once the command is classified as uncertain, we further distinguish it between ambiguous or infeasible commands leveraging LLMs with situational aware context in a zero-shot manner. For ambiguous commands, we disambiguate the command by interacting with users via question generation with LLMs. We believe that proper recognition of the given commands could lead to a decrease in malfunction and undesired actions of the robot, enhancing the reliability of interactive robot agents. We present a dataset for robotic situational awareness, consisting pair of high-level commands, scene descriptions, and labels of command type (i.e., clear, ambiguous, or infeasible). We validate the proposed method on the collected dataset, pick-and-place tabletop simulation. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed approach in real-world human-robot interaction experiments, i.e., handover scenarios