4,574 research outputs found
Steklov Spectral Geometry for Extrinsic Shape Analysis
We propose using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator as an extrinsic
alternative to the Laplacian for spectral geometry processing and shape
analysis. Intrinsic approaches, usually based on the Laplace-Beltrami operator,
cannot capture the spatial embedding of a shape up to rigid motion, and many
previous extrinsic methods lack theoretical justification. Instead, we consider
the Steklov eigenvalue problem, computing the spectrum of the
Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator of a surface bounding a volume. A remarkable
property of this operator is that it completely encodes volumetric geometry. We
use the boundary element method (BEM) to discretize the operator, accelerated
by hierarchical numerical schemes and preconditioning; this pipeline allows us
to solve eigenvalue and linear problems on large-scale meshes despite the
density of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann discretization. We further demonstrate that
our operators naturally fit into existing frameworks for geometry processing,
making a shift from intrinsic to extrinsic geometry as simple as substituting
the Laplace-Beltrami operator with the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator.Comment: Additional experiments adde
Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, a bacterial biodegradable polymers
There has been considerable interest in the development and production of biodegradable polymer to solve the current problem of pollution caused by the continuous use of synthetic polymer of petroleum origin. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are known to be accumulated as intracellular inclusion in some bacteria. The materials properties exhibited by PHAs, ranging from stiff, brittle to rubber-like makes it a close substitute for the synthetic plastic. The high cost of PHAs production has restricted its applications. The possibility of producing this polymer commercially and at comparable cost has been the main focus in this area.
Key Words: Polyhydroxyalkanoates, biodegradable polymer, bioplastic, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), biosynthesis.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(1) 2004: 18-2
Using Elastin-Like Polypeptides for Better Retention of Biofuels
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are synthetic molecules that exhibit an interesting property of inverse temperature phase transition; they exist as soluble monomers at low temperatures and form insoluble aggregates at higher temperatures. The transition temperature depends on the pH, salt concentration, and the amino acid sequence of the ELP. This unique and reversible behavior, along with their high biocompatibility has made them a strategic tool for various biomedical applications. However, their hydrophobic properties also make them a prime candidate for biofuel production. As high levels of many commercially important organic solvents are toxic to the cells that make them, ELPs can potentially alleviate the strain on cells by aggregating around the hydrophobic product. ELP’s are simply purified by exploiting their phase transition property and through serial centrifugation at different temperatures. The retention of various bio-products and the cell survivability was analyzed for E. coli containing ELPs both in vivo and in vitro. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence measurements were used to verify the results. The present study provides proof of principle that ELPs have high affinity with certain commercially important biologics and can be a strategic tool to increase their yield
Astronomy: Starbursts near and far
Observations of intensely bright star-forming galaxies both close by and in
the distant Universe at first glance seem to emphasize their similarity. But
look a little closer, and differences emerge.Comment: 6 pages including 1 figur
HCN Observations of Dense Star-Forming Gas in High Redshift Galaxies
We present here the sensitive HCN(1-0) observations made with the VLA of two
submillimeter galaxies and two QSOs at high-redshift. HCN emission is the
signature of dense molecular gas found in GMC cores, the actual sites of
massive star formation. We have made the first detection of HCN in a
submillimeter galaxy, SMM J16359+6612. The HCN emission is seen with a signal
to noise ratio of 4 and appears to be resolved as a double-source of
\approxlt 2'' separation. Our new HCN observations, combined with previous
HCN detections and upper limits, show that the FIR/HCN ratios in these high
redshift sources lie systematically above the FIR/HCN correlation established
for nearby galaxies by about a factor of 2. Even considering the scatter in the
data and the presence of upper limits, this is an indication that the FIR/HCN
ratios for the early Universe molecular emission line galaxies (EMGs) deviate
from the correlation that fits Galactic giant molecular cloud cores, normal
spirals, LIRGs, and ULIRGs. This indicates that the star formation rate per
solar mass of dense molecular gas is higher in the high- objects than in
local galaxies including normal spirals LIRGs and ULIRGs. The limited HCN
detections at high-redshift show that the HCN/CO ratios for the high-
objects are high and are comparable to those of the local ULIRGs rather than
those of normal spirals. This indicates that EMGs have a high fraction of dense
molecular gas compared to total molecular gas traced by CO emission.Comment: 14 pages including 4 figures; ApJL accepte
Morphology and melt rheology of nylon 11/clay nanocomposites
Nylon 11 (PA11)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared by melt-blending, followed by melt-extrusion through a capillary. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the exfoliated clay morphology is dominant for low nanofiller content, while the intercalated one is prevailing for high filler loading. Melt rheological properties of PA11 nanocomposites have been studied in both linear and nonlinear viscoelastic response regions. In the linear regime, the nanocomposites exhibit much higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') values than neat PA11. The values of G' and G'' increase steadily with clay loading at low concentrations, while the G' and G'' for the sample with 5 wt % clay show an inverse dependence and lie between the modulus values of the samples with 1 and 2 wt % of clay. This is attributed to the alignment/orientation of nanoclay platelets in the intercalated nanocomposite induced by capillary extrusion. In the nonlinear regime, the nanocomposites show increased shear viscosities when compared with the neat resin. The dependence of the shear viscosity on clay loading has analogous trend to that of G' and G''. Finally, a comparison has been made between the complex and steady viscosities to verify the applicability of the empirical Cox-Merz rule
HI observations of luminous infrared galaxy mergers
A total of 19 luminous infrared galaxy mergers, with L_IR~2 10^11 L_sun for
H_0=75 km/s/Mpc, have been observed in the HI line at Nancay and four of them
were observed at Arecibo as well. Of these 19, ten had not been observed
before. Six were clearly detected, one of which for the first time. The
objective was to statistically sample the \HI gas mass in luminous infrared
mergers along a starburst merger sequence where the molecular CO gas content is
already known.Comment: 11 pages, accepted for Astron. Astrophys., 22/12/200
Entanglement dynamics of two-bipartite system under the influence of dissipative environments
An experimental scheme is suggested that permits a direct measure of
entanglement in a two-qubit cavity system. It is realized in the cavity-QED
technology utilizing atoms as flying qubits. With this scheme we generate two
different measures of entanglement, namely logarithmic negativity and
concurrence. The phenomenon of sudden death entanglement (ESD) in a bipartite
system subjected to dissipative environment is examined. We show that the
sudden death time of the entangled states depends on the initial preparation of
the entangled state and the temperature of the reservoir.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figure
Coexisting Kondo singlet state with antiferromagnetic long-range order: A possible ground state for Kondo insulators
The ground-state phase diagram of a half-filled anisotropic Kondo lattice
model is calculated within a mean-field theory. For small transverse exchange
coupling , the ground state shows an antiferromagnetic
long-range order with finite staggered magnetizations of both localized spins
and conduction electrons. When , the long-range order
is destroyed and the system is in a disordered Kondo singlet state with a
hybridization gap. Both ground states can describe the low-temperature phases
of Kondo insulating compounds. Between these two distinct phases, there may be
a coexistent regime as a result of the balance between local Kondo screening
and magnetic interactions.Comment: four pages, Revtex, one figure; to be published in Phys. Rev. B, 1
July issue, 200
Tetra-μ-acetato-κ8 O:O′-bisÂ{[2-(2-furÂyl)-1-(2-furylmethÂyl)-1H-benzimidazole-κN 3]copper(II)}
The title complex, [Cu2(CH3COO)4(C16H12N2O2)2], forms a dimer of the paddle-wheel type located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The two CuII atoms [Cu⋯Cu = 2.7254 (11) Å] are bridged by four acetate anions. The geometry of the polyhedron around the metal centre can be described as tetraÂgonal-pyramidal derived from the calculation of the value Ï„ = 0.0018. The apical positions of the tetraÂgonal-pyramidal copper coordination polyhedra are occupied by the N atoms of 2-(2-furÂyl)-1-(2-furylmethÂyl)-1H-benzimidazole ligands. In the crystal structure, molÂecules are linked into a chain by interÂmolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds parallel to [010]. Two furan rings are disordered over two positions in ratios of 0.55:0.45 and 0.69:0.31
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