The synthesis of the antimalarial compound hydroxypiperaquine (HPQ)

Malaria remains one of the most common causes of illness and death in developing countries.1 The development of new drugs to combat the disease is becoming one of the fastest growing research areas. Hydroxypiperaquine (HPQ) is an antimalarial bisquinoline compound related to the emerging antimalarial drug Piperaquine (PQ).2 Various research programs are being conducted internationally in efforts to prepare PQ for possible clinical use in combination with artemisinin derivatives. The hydroxy compound (HPQ) has been described in the Chinese literature but no data exists for this compound within the Western literature.3The primary aim of this research project was to synthesise Hydroxypiperaquine via alternative synthetic pathways to that briefly described by Xu et al3 by exploring various synthetic strategies based on literature synthetic procedures involving similar compounds. HPQ was synthesised through a three step synthetic process. In the first step, tertiary butoxy carbonyl (tBOC) piperazine was coupled with 4,7-dichloroquine (4,7-DCQ) to produce the intermediate 7-chloro-4-(tBOC piperazin-1-yl)quinoline. The second synthetic step involved the deprotection of 7-chloro-4-(tBOCpiperazinyl)quinoline to remove the tertiary butoxy carbonyl (tBOC) protecting group.The deprotected intermediate, 7-chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline, was subsequently reacted with 1,3-dichloropropanol in 1-pentanol to yield HPQ in the third step. This three step synthetic approach provides an alternative and efficient process to synthesise HPQ. The research provides important and specific details for the synthetic methodology involved in the synthesis of HPQ for future synthetic and biological research

Targeted topical delivery of peptides and small molecules to the skin

This PhD project demonstrates the importance of minimally invasive techniques such as microneedles and non-invasive techniques such as cell penetrating peptides and magnetophoresis for enhanced transdermal delivery. Skin penetration strategies studied, showed enhancement in delivery of peptides and small molecules ranging from a few percent to several fold and have tremendous potential for clinical therapy upon demonstration of safety and efficacy

Road Networks Management in the Federal Cities (Entrance and Exits in Ajman)

The aim of this thesis is to discuss the management of infrastructure in the federal union specially the road entrances between neighboring states. To understand how important is it on the social and economic development, to measure how easy to reach the deferent part of city within reasonable period. The hierarchy of the road networks in the city. Second chapter describe the Arab Emirates before the union and the different scenarios till it\u27s become United Arab Emirates, the relations between different emirates within union, political systems within emirate itself and In the federal level, social and economic systems. The care was taken in deferent level to build best road network ever cause the governor know very well the benefit of having modern roads, the federal authorities responsible for highways and the border roads between emirates while the local authorities responsible for internal roads within emirate border. Third chapter compare the road network management in two of the best federal countries in this field. United State of America had one of the tallest road network in the world which managed by local and federal authorities in harmony. Federal Republic of Germany is one of the greatest industrial countries in Europe that is gives the road network high importance to link factories with ports easily. Both of Germany and USA have a great experience in road network management, which should be understood from United Arab Emirates road authorities to solve the current problems and to avoid any future miss coordination. Forth chapter is about field study of the entrances to roads border between two neighboring through personal interviews with specialists and officials from relevant departments and a questionnaire contains several questions was distributed to the residents of those areas on both sides of the entrance under consideration and passing specializes in problems affecting the border crossing in terms of traffic congestion and the interest of the party responsible for maintenance and increase efficiency and what about managing such crossing by central department under federal umbrella

A study of prevalence, severity, stages, conception rate and associated problems in patients with endometriosis

Background: Endometriosis should be suspected in women with sub-infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia or chronic pelvic pain. However, these symptoms can also be associated with other diseases. Endometriosis may be asymptomatic even in some women with more advanced disease. The objective of this study was to prevalence, severity, stages, conception rate and associated problems in patients with endometriosisMethods: Present study was retrospective and prospective study from January 2007 to September 2012 which included 200 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopy and were diagnosed with endometriosis in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 18-25 years i.e. 45.5%. The most common symptom with which the women presented to the hospital was abnormal uterine bleeding seen in 26% of the cases. Out of total cases, 64% had primary infertility and remaining i.e. 36% had secondary infertility. Ovarian endometrioma was seen in 22% of the cases. Majority of the patients had dysmenorrheal in 62% of the cases. Majority were found out to be present in the stage one or minimal endometriosis i.e. they constituted 78 women which amounted at 39% of the total cases. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the symptomatic relief rate after laparoscopy decreased. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the conception rate following laparoscopic laser fulguration decreased.  As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the requirement for ART increased.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is considered to be better than laparotomy since there is less morbidity and less adhesions and tissue trauma

A Unique Common Fixed Point Theorems in generalized D*- Metric Spaces

In this paper we establish some common fixed point theorem for contractive type mapping in cone metric spaces and prove some generalized complete D*- metric spaces. Keywords: D*- metric space, common fixed points, normal cones

De quelques figures de style (La métaphore, la comparaison, et l'allégorie) dans "Le paysan parvenu" de Marivaux et "Les liaisons dangereuses" de Laclos

Les critiques sont conscients des ressources des variétés métaphoriques et allégoriques qu offrent le roman épistolaire "Les Liaisons dangereuses" de Laclos et le roman-mémoire "Le Paysan parvenu" de Marivaux.Nous retrouvons dans ces figures la finesse des analyses psychologiques et la satire des rapports sociaux que développent plus globalement les deux romans. En choisissant le genre de l'autobiographie fictive, Marivaux se donne les moyens de jouer sur la dualité du personnage-narrateur. Les métaphores renvoient alors pour la plupart au naturel d un personnage sans expérience, confronté à l'hypocrisie du monde dans lequel se jouent son éducation sentimentale et son ascension sociale. Mais il nous semble que dans "Les Liaisons dangereuses", Laclos sollicite méthodiquement la métaphore guerrière qu il intègre dans le style épistolaire du roman. Cette métaphorisation guerrière, inscrite dans la tradition littéraire, est essentiellement le fait de la mise en scène du libertinage dans Les Liaisons.The critics were aware of the different resources offered by the metaphorical and allegorical epistolary novel "Les Liaisons dangereuses" of Laclos and the memory novel "Le Paysan parvenu" of Marivaux.Through these figures, we discover how the rigorous psychological analysis and the satire of the social relationships develop more generally the two novels. By choosing this type of fictional autobiography, Marivaux tries to have the means of playing on the duality of the character-narrator. The metaphors refer to the "natural" where a character without experience, confronted by the hypocrisy of the world in which he plays his sentimental education and his social cast as a peasant. But it seems that Laclos, in "Les Liaisons dangereuses", methodically used the metaphor of a warrior to incorporate with the epistolary style of the novel. The metaphor of a warrior, which is inscribed in the traditional literary, plays essentially a major role in producing the libertinism in Les Liaisons.TOURS-Bibl.électronique (372610011) / SudocSudocFranceF