Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow around the Rectangular Flat Plane Confined by a Cylinder under Pulsating Flow

Fluid flow around and heat transfer from a rectangular flat plane with constant uniform heat flux in laminar pulsating flows is studied, and compared with our experimental data. Quantitatively accurate, second-order schemes for time, space, momentum and energy are employed, and fine meshes are adopted. The numerical results agree well with experimental data. Results found that the heat transfer enhancement is caused by the relative low temperature gradient in the thermal boundary layer, and by the lower surface temperature in pulsating flows. In addition, the heat transfer resistance is much lower during reverse flow period than that during forward flow period. The flow reversal period is about 180 degree behind the pulsating pressure waves. Besides, spectrum results of the simulated averaged surface temperature showed that the temperature fluctuates in multiple-peaked modes when the amplitude of the imposed pulsations is larger, whereas the temperature fluctuates in a single-peaked mode when the amplitude of the imposed pulsation is small

A phase separation method for analyses of fluoroquinones in meats based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid–liquid microextraction and a new integrated device

Herein, we developed a novel integrated device to perform phase separation based on ultrasound-assisted, salt-induced, liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of five fluoroquinones in meats by HPLC analysis. The novel integrated device consisted of three simple HDPE (high density polyethylene) parts that were used to separate the solvent from the aqueous solution prior to retrieving the extractant. The extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface method based on central composite design: 589μL of acetone solvent, pH2.1, 4.1min extraction time and 3.5g of Na2SO4. The limits of detection were 0.056-0.64 μgkg(-1) and recoveries were 87.2-110.6% for the five fluoroquinones in muscle tissue from fish, chicken, pork and beef. This method is easily constructed from inexpensive materials, extraction efficiency is high, and the approach is compatible with HPLC analysis. Thus, it has excellent prospects for sample pre-treatment and analysis of fluoroquinones in meat samples

A phase separation method for analyses of fluoroquinones in meats based on ultrasound-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction and a new integrated device.

Herein, we developed a novel integrated device to perform phase separation based on ultrasound-assisted, salt-induced, liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of five fluoroquinones in meats by HPLC analysis. The novel integrated device consisted of three simple HDPE (high density polyethylene) parts that were used to separate the solvent from the aqueous solution prior to retrieving the extractant. The extraction parameters were optimized using the response surface method based on central composite design: 589μL of acetone solvent, pH2.1, 4.1min extraction time and 3.5g of Na2SO4. The limits of detection were 0.056-0.64 μgkg(-1) and recoveries were 87.2-110.6% for the five fluoroquinones in muscle tissue from fish, chicken, pork and beef. This method is easily constructed from inexpensive materials, extraction efficiency is high, and the approach is compatible with HPLC analysis. Thus, it has excellent prospects for sample pre-treatment and analysis of fluoroquinones in meat samples