NMR study on the stability of the magnetic ground state in MnCr2{}_2O4{}_4

The canting angles and fluctuation of the magnetic ion spins of spinel oxide MnCr${}_2$O${}_4$ were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at low temperatures, which has a collinear ferrimagnetic order below $T_C$ and a ferrimagnetic spiral order below $T_s < T_C$. Contrary to previous reports, only one spin canting angle of Cr ions was observed. The spin canting angles of Mn and Cr ions in the ferrimagnetic spiral obtained at a liquid-He temperature were 43\,^{\circ} and 110\,^{\circ}, respectively. The nuclear spin-spin relaxation was determined by the Suhl-Nakamura interaction at low temperatures but the relaxation rate $T_2^{-1}$ increases rapidly as the temperature approaches $T_s$. This indicates that the fluctuation of the spiral component becomes faster as the temperature increases but not fast enough to leave an averaged hyperfine field to nuclei in the time scale of nuclear spin precession in the ferrimagnetic phase, which is on the order of $10^{-8}$ s. The spiral volume fraction measured for various temperatures reveals that the collinear and the spiral ferrimagnetic phases are mixed below the transition temperature of the spiral order. The temperature hysteresis in the volume fraction implies that this transition has first-order characteristics.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Subnormality of Powers of Multivariable Weighted Shifts

Given a pair of commuting subnormal Hilbert space operators, the Lifting Problem for Commuting Subnormals (LPCS) asks for necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a commuting pair of normal extensions of and ; in other words, is a subnormal pair. The LPCS is a longstanding open problem in the operator theory. In this paper, we consider the LPCS of a class of powers of -variable weighted shifts. Our main theorem states that if a “corner” of a 2-variable weighted shift is subnormal, then is subnormal if and only if a power is subnormal for some . As a corollary, we have that if is a 2-variable weighted shift having a tensor core or a diagonal core, then is subnormal if and only if a power of is subnormal

Investigation of the SH3BP2 Gene Mutation in Cherubism

Cherubism is a rare developmental lesion of the jaw that is generally inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recent studies have revealed point mutations in the SH3BP2 gene in cherubism patients. In this study, we examined a 6-year-old Korean boy and his family. We found a Pro418Arg mutation in the SH3BP2 gene of the patient and his mother. A father and his 30-month-old younger brother had no mutations. Immunohistochemically, the multinucleated giant cells proved positive for CD68 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Numerous spindle-shaped stromal cells expressed a ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (RANKL), but not in multinucleated giant cells. These results provide evidence that RANKL plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells to multinucleated giant cells in cherubism. Additionally, genetic analysis may be a useful method for differentiation of cherubism.</p

The Effect of the Rapid Antigen Test for Influenza on Clinical Practice in the Emergency Department: A Comparison of Periods before and After the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic

Introduction. The rapid antigen test (RAT) plays an important role in the Emergency Room (ER). In this study, we investigated the effect of the RAT for influenza on clinical practice in an emergency department. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted considering two periods, namely before and after the 2009 influenza pandemic. The rate of antibiotic administration, the use of blood sample tests, the use of simple chest X-rays, the rate of antibiotic administration according to the result of the RAT, and the duration of ER stay in the case of influenza-like illnesses were investigated for the two study periods considered. Results. The use of the RAT increased from 23.9% to 39.8% in influenza-like pediatric patients (p<0.05) and from 4.9% to 67.6% in adult patients (p<0.001). After the 2009 influenza pandemic, the number of cases of antibiotic administration, blood sample test and simple chest X-ray decreased by 19.0%, 46.2%, and 27.4%, respectively, in pediatric patients with the use of RAT. Among RAT-positive patients, after the 2009 influenza pandemic, none of the pediatric patients and only 3 of the adult patients (17.6%) were administered antibiotics. The duration of ER stay was longer in patients who underwent RAT than in those who did not. Conclusion. The increased use of RAT for influenza has led to a decrease in antibiotic administration and a reduction in additional diagnostic tests in influenza-like illnesses. However, the use of RAT has not contributed to a decrease in the duration of ER stay

Impact of Toxocariasis in Patients with Unexplained Patchy Pulmonary Infiltrate in Korea

Toxocariasis is one of the causes of pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrate that is increasing in Korea. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of toxocara seropositivity in patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate and to evaluate associated factors. We evaluated 102 patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate on chest computed tomography (CT) scan. As a control set, 116 subjects with normal chest CT were also evaluated. History of allergic disease, drug use, parasitic disease and raw cow liver intake were taken. Blood eosinophil count and total IgE level were measured. Specific serum IgG antibody to Toxocara canis larval antigen and specific IgG antibodies to 4 other parasites were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the infiltrate group, 66.7% subjects were toxocara seropositive whereas 22.4% of the control group were seropositive (p<0.001). In the infiltrate group, patients with a history of eating raw cow liver (odds ratio [OR], 7.8) and patients with eosinophilia (OR, 5.2) had a higher incidence of toxocara seropositivity. Thirty-five percent of toxocara seropositive patients with infiltrate exhibited migrating infiltrate and 48% had decreased infiltrate on the follow-up CT. We recommend that toxocara ELISA should be performed in patients with unexplained pulmonary patchy infiltrate, and that the eating of raw cow liver should be actively discouraged

Experimental Study of the Injection System for CO2 Geologic Storage Demonstration

AbstractThe worldwide issue of greenhouse gas reduction has recently drawn great attention to carbon capture and storage (CCS). Almost CCS studies have been focused in the capture technology of carbon dioxide and the geological investigation for underground storage. The study of mechanical injection system for carbon dioxide has not implemented nearly. We are intended to develop a ground system for underground injection of carbon dioxide. In this study, we made lab-scale underground injection system and implemented injection simulation test experimentally. The 10,000 ton/year pilot plant for geological storage of carbon dioxide will be designed on the base of these test results. Major components of the lab-scale underground injection system include a pressure pump and an in-line heater to bring liquid carbon dioxide into its supercritical state. Test results assure that this system readily achieves the designed injection pressure and temperature, showing satisfactory control performance

Cervical Length and the Risk of Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity in Women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

The aims of this study were to determine whether sonographically measured cervical length is of value in the identification of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and to compare its performance with maternal blood C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), and amniotic fluid (AF) WBC. This prospective observational study enrolled 50 singleton pregnancies with PPROM. Transvaginal ultrasound for measurement of cervical length was performed and maternal blood was collected for the determination of CRP and WBC at the time of amniocentesis. AF obtained by amniocentesis was cultured and WBC determined. The prevalence of a positive amniotic fluid culture was 26% (13/50). Patients with positive amniotic fluid cultures had a significantly shorter median cervical length and higher median CRP, WBC, and AF WBC than did those with negative cultures. Multiple logistic regression indicated that only cervical length had a significant relationship with the log odds of a positive AF culture. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length is valuable in the identification of microbial invasion of amniotic cavity in women with PPROM. Cervical length performs better than AF WBC, maternal blood CRP, and WBC in the identification of a positive amniotic fluid culture

Pengaruh pemberian reward terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar pendidikan agama Islam kelas X-2 SMA Mujahidin Perak Surabaya

Alat pembelajaran merupakan suatu teknik untuk mencapai tujuan. Dengan adanya berbagai teknik pembelajaran diharapkan kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat berjalan sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan, namun dalam kenyataannya masih ada siswa yang tidak fokus pada pelajaran, untuk itu diperlukan dorongan yang sesuai dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Adapun salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk mendorong agar para siswa lebih termotivasi untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran adalah dengan diterapkannya reward, dengan menerapkan reward diharapkan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, karena dengan adanya reward akan menciptakan suasana belajar yang menyenangkan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Pemberian reward ini dapat menimbulkan motivasi sehingga siswa akan antusias dalam belajar materi Pendidikan Agama Islam. Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar memang perlu siswa itu diberi reward sebagai salah satu pengehargaan bagi mereka yang berprestasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan reward pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, bagaimana motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, serta adakah pengaruh reward terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa kelas X-2 SMA Mujahidin Perak Surabaya. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian reward terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Mujahidin Perak Surabaya, penulis menggunakan metode regresi linear sederhana yang dibantu dengan program spss, serta dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, angket,interview dan observasi. Adapun metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data dengan melaksanakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji t dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian dari analisis data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian mengenai pengaruh reward terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam yaitu sebesar 60,2%