28,245 research outputs found
Fracture mechanics approach to design analysis of notches, steps and internal cut-outs in planar components
A new approach to the assessment and optimization of geometric stress-concentrating features is proposed on the basis of the correspondence between sharp crack or corner stressfield intensity factors and conventional elastic stress concentration factors (SCFs) for radiused transitions. This approach complements the application of finite element analysis (FEA) and the use of standard SCF data from the literature. The method makes it possible to develop closed-form solutions for SCFs in cases where corresponding solutions for the sharp crack geometries exist. This is helpful in the context of design optimization. The analytical basis of the correspondence is shown, together with the limits on applicability where stress-free boundaries near the stress concentrating feature are present or adjacent features interact. Examples are given which compare parametric results derived from FEA with closed-form solutions based on the proposed method. New information is given on the stress state at a 90° corner or width step, where the magnitude of the stress field intensity is related to that of the corresponding crack geometry. This correspondence enables the user to extend further the application of crack-tip stress-field intensity information to square-cornered steps, external U-grooves, and internal cut-outs
Giant optical Faraday rotation induced by a single electron spin in a quantum dot: Applications to entangling remote spins via a single photon
We propose a quantum non-demolition method - giant Faraday rotation - to
detect a single electron spin in a quantum dot inside a microcavity where
negatively-charged exciton strongly couples to the cavity mode. Left- and
right-circularly polarized light reflected from the cavity feels different
phase shifts due to cavity quantum electrodynamics and the optical spin
selection rule. This yields giant and tunable Faraday rotation which can be
easily detected experimentally. Based on this spin-detection technique, a
scalable scheme to create an arbitrary amount of entanglement between two or
more remote spins via a single photon is proposed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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Antrodia cinnamomea reduces obesity and modulates the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice.
BackgroundObesity is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted intestinal barrier and chronic inflammation. Given the high and increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, anti-obesity treatments that are safe, effective and widely available would be beneficial. We examined whether the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea may reduce obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD).MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks to induce obesity and chronic inflammation. The mice were treated with a water extract of A. cinnamomea (WEAC), and body weight, fat accumulation, inflammation markers, insulin sensitivity and the gut microbiota were monitored.ResultsAfter 8 weeks, the mean body weight of HFD-fed mice was 39.8±1.2 g compared with 35.8±1.3 g for the HFD+1% WEAC group, corresponding to a reduction of 4 g or 10% of body weight (P<0.0001). WEAC supplementation reduced fat accumulation and serum triglycerides in a statistically significant manner in HFD-fed mice. WEAC also reversed the effects of HFD on inflammation markers (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), insulin resistance and adipokine production (leptin and adiponectin). Notably, WEAC increased the expression of intestinal tight junctions (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) and antimicrobial proteins (Reg3g and lysozyme C) in the small intestine, leading to reduced blood endotoxemia. Finally, WEAC modulated the composition of the gut microbiota, reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the level of Akkermansia muciniphila and other bacterial species associated with anti-inflammatory properties.ConclusionsSupplementation with A. cinnamomea produces anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects in HFD-fed mice by maintaining intestinal integrity and modulating the gut microbiota
Heisenberg-picture approach to the exact quantum motion of a time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator
In the Heisenberg picture, the generalized invariant and exact quantum
motions are found for a time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator. We find the
eigenstate and the coherent state of the invariant and show that the
dispersions of these quantum states do not depend on the external force. Our
formalism is applied to several interesting cases.Comment: 15 pages, two eps files, to appear in Phys. Rev. A 53 (6) (1996
Anisotropic Behavior of Knight Shift in Superconducting State of Na_xCoO_2yH_2O
The Co Knight shift was measured in an aligned powder sample of
Na_xCoO_2yH_2O, which shows superconductivity at T_c \sim 4.6 K. The
Knight-shift components parallel (K_c) and perpendicular to the c-axis (along
the ab plane K_{ab}) were measured in both the normal and superconducting (SC)
states. The temperature dependences of K_{ab} and K_c are scaled with the bulk
susceptibility, which shows that the microscopic susceptibility deduced from
the Knight shift is related to Co-3d spins. In the SC state, the Knight shift
shows an anisotropic temperature dependence: K_{ab} decreases below 5 K,
whereas K_c does not decrease within experimental accuracy. This result raises
the possibility that spin-triplet superconductivity with the spin component of
the pairs directed along the c-axis is realized in Na_xCoO_2yH_2O.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Journal of Physical Society of
Japan vol. 75, No.
Achieving precise mechanical control in intrinsically noisy systems
How can precise control be realized in intrinsically noisy systems? Here, we develop a general theoretical framework that provides a way of achieving precise control in signal-dependent noisy environments. When the control signal has Poisson or supra-Poisson noise, precise control is not possible. If, however, the control signal has sub-Poisson noise, then precise control is possible. For this case, the precise control solution is not a function, but a rapidly varying random process that must be averaged with respect to a governing probability density functional. Our theoretical approach is applied to the control of straight-trajectory arm movement. Sub-Poisson noise in the control signal is shown to be capable of leading to precise control. Intriguingly, the control signal for this system has a natural counterpart, namely the bursting pulses of neurons-trains of Dirac-delta functions-in biological systems to achieve precise control performance
Ultracold Neutron Production in a Pulsed Neutron Beam Line
We present the results of an Ultracold neutron (UCN) production experiment in
a pulsed neutron beam line at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center. The
experimental apparatus allows for a comprehensive set of measurements of UCN
production as a function of target temperature, incident neutron energy, target
volume, and applied magnetic field. However, the low counting statistics of the
UCN signal expected can be overwhelmed by the large background associated with
the scattering of the primary cold neutron flux that is required for UCN
production. We have developed a background subtraction technique that takes
advantage of the very different time-of-flight profiles between the UCN and the
cold neutrons, in the pulsed beam. Using the unique timing structure, we can
reliably extract the UCN signal. Solid ortho-D is used to calibrate UCN
transmission through the apparatus, which is designed primarily for studies of
UCN production in solid O. In addition to setting the overall detection
efficiency in the apparatus, UCN production data using solid D suggest that
the UCN upscattering cross-section is smaller than previous estimates,
indicating the deficiency of the incoherent approximation widely used to
estimate inelastic cross-sections in the thermal and cold regimes
Data Processing of Lunar Infrared Measurements at High Spatial and Radiometric Resolution to Obtain Brightness Temperatures Scientific Report No. 9
Data processing of lunar infrared measurements at high spatial and radiometric resolution to obtain brightness temperature
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