PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SDN GEKBRONG 1 KABUPATEN CIANJUR (Penelitian Quasi Eksperimen di Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran IPAS Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023)

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh adanya permasalahan di lapangan mengenai masih rendahnya hasil belajar siswa serta proses pembelajaran yang dilihat masih kurang inovatif. Proses belajar yang masih didominasi oleh guru serta masih menggunakan model konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN Gekbrong 1 Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian kuasi eksperimen (Quasi Eksperimental Desigen) tipe Nonequivalent control group desigen. Sample penelitian ini adalah kelas IV A yang berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas IV B yang berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu dengan teknik sampling Nonprobability Sampling jenis Sampling Jenuh (Saturation Sampling). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan lembar tes berupa pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji-t dan uji effect size. Data nilai posttest dari kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol selanjutnya diuji hipotesis dengan menggunakan rumus independent sample t-test untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap pengingkatan hasil belajar siswa, serta di uji effect size untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan rumus independent sample t-test diketahui bahwa hasil pada equal variances assumed pada nilai Sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,005, maka bisa diartikan bahwa HO ditolak dan Ha diterima, sehingga dikatakan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh signifikan pada skor posttest hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, dan pada hasil perhitungan menggunakan uji effect size tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai akhir sebesar 1,61. Artinya dari kedua uji yang telah dilakukan peneliti dapat menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pada model problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN Gekbrong 1 Kabupaten Cianjur. Kata Kunci: Model Problem Based Learning, Hasil Belaja

An investigation into the neuromuscular control at the level of the upper limbs of junior handball girls players

In this paper we want to present the development of upper limb muscle control in sportswomen handball. Thus at the beginning and end of championship players girls were tested with one MOVE 1 DU device type, then centralized data obtained and analyzed statistically. Handball players’ were 10 girls subjected search with the average age of 12.5 years, the average height of 165.5 cm. and an average weight of 57.7 kg. By centralizing data obtained we have seen an increase in upper limb neuromuscular control in final testing of statistically p <.05. Statistical analysis confirms the hypothesis that the means to improve neuromuscular control if applied properly and psychomotor functional somatic features specific age increases the competitive performance

Upregulation of osteogenic factors induced by high-impact jumping suppresses adipogenesis in marrow but not adipogenic transcription factors in rat tibiae

Jump training is a high-impact training regimen that increases bone volume in young bones. The aim of our study was to determine whether downregulation of adipogenesis that is associated with upregulation of osteogenesis is detected after jump training in growing rat tibiae. Four week-old rats were jump-trained for 1, 2, or 4 weeks for 5 days/week, and the height of jumping progressively increased to 35 cm.We performed morphometry to directly quantitate changes in bone volume and marrow adipocyte distribution in tibiae after the jump training.We also examined changes in expression of osteogenic and adipogenic transcription factor proteins and mRNAs after the jump training. Four weeks of jump training induced an increase in trabecular bone volume, which was associated with recruitment of runt-related transcription factor 2-expressing cells, as well as a decrease in marrow fat volume. However, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ2 protein and mRNA expression levels did not change following high-impact jump training. The mRNA expression levels of the adipocyte differentiation genes CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) α, C/EBPβ, and C/EBPδ also showed no change during the training period in jump-trained rats. We suggest that levels of osteogenic factors that were upregulated by mechanical loading from high-impact jumping suppress adipogenesis in marrow rather than adipogenic transcription factors