Unidirectional control of optically induced spin waves

Unidirectional control of optically induced spin waves in a rare-earth iron garnet crystal is demonstrated. We observed the interference of two spin-wave packets with different initial phases generated by circularly polarized light pulses. This interference results in unidirectional propagation if the spin-wave sources are spaced apart at 1/4 of the wavelength of the spin waves and the initial phase difference is set to pi/2. The propagating direction of the spin wave is switched by the polarization helicity of the light pulses. Moreover, in a numerical simulation, applying more than two spin-wave sources with a suitable polarization and spot shape, arbitrary manipulation of the spin wave by the phased array method was replicated

No secondary elevation of extracellular adenosine in malignant edema formation following transient MCA occlusion

Malignant edema is a relevant, serious complication in various clinical situations including large hemispheric stroke. To date, the roles of purine catabolites and amino acids in the course of malignant edema formation remain obscure. We examined the correlation between secondary perfusional disturbance and elevation of extracellular purine catabolites and amino acids in a transient focal ischemia model in cats that is prone to develop malignant edema and thereby secondary ischemia during reperfusionpeer-reviewe

独立成分分析手法を用いた音楽鑑賞における脳波研究

Music listening is one of the most popular and convenient entertainment method for human beings. When listening to music, people can get relaxed by soothing music or become excited by rock music. As we know that mental feelings are generated by the human brain, studying the human brain activities when they are listening to music may reveal the mechanism of mental processes for generating these feelings. In this paper, we conducted experiments to measure the brain activities when the subjects were listening to classic music, using a portable EEG (Electroencephalogram) system. The EEG data were analyzed using ICA (independent component analysis) approach. Occipital alpha band, frontal midline theta band, occipital-temporal or frontal beta band activities were observed in the experiments. These experimental results suggest that the subjects were under a relaxed condition when they were listening to classic music with their eyes closed.At the meantime, they engaged in the music listening and enjoyed the music with imagery or memory recalling.音楽鑑賞はさまざまな娯楽活動の中でも、もっとも容易で広く享受されている娯楽活動である。癒し音楽は聴く者の心をリラックスさせ、ロック音楽は聴く者を興奮した気分にさせる。人間の感情は脳内で生み出されるので、音楽鑑賞する際の脳活動を研究することで、そうした感情が生起する過程や仕組みの解明につながる可能性がある。本研究では、携帯型脳波計を用いてクラシック音楽を聴いている際の被験者の脳活動を計測し、そのEEG データを収集、さらに独立成分分析手法を用いてデータ分析を行った。その結果、後頭部のアルファ波、前頭正中線シータ波、側頭または前頭部のベータ波が観測された。これらの実験結果から、閉眼でクラシック音楽を鑑賞しているときには、被験者の心はリラックスしていると同時に、音楽に集中し、想像や想起などを伴いながら音楽を楽しんでいることが推察される

Determination of the Proper Thickness of Sublayers for Analyzing Post-Liquefaction Deformation Associated with Seepage of Pore Water After Earthquake

The estimation of the large flow deformation in the liquefiable layered ground and its effects on a variety of civil structures and infrastructures is considered to be a significant concern in recent earthquakes. This paper proposes a new practical approach for estimating the appropriate thickness of sub-layers within a soil profile (soil element size) for simulating the post-liquefaction deformation considering the seepage flow of pore water after an earthquake. The findings of recent numerical analysis and extensive series of triaxial tests were utilized to develop the ability to analyze such fundamental issue. The study was conducted based on to the large strain deformations and the realistic interaction between inhomogeneous distribution of permeability in ground, volume change of soil due to seepage after earthquake and the extent of lateral deformation in the liquefied soil profile. Toward the goal, the consequential horizontal displacements and the corresponding volume change due to shear localization in soil elements from a series of centrifuge tests conducted by Kulasingam et al. (2002) at UC-Davis were utilized. The volume change of soil element is proved to be primarily related to its potential of shear deformation based on the results of triaxial tests Yoshimine et al. (2006). This strongly suggests that the magnitude of shear localization and its corresponding lateral flow deformation formed directly beneath low permeability soil sub-layer after shaking event are highly affected by the flow and mechanical conditions of the subsoil as well as its geometry

Estimation of annual heat flux balance at the sea surface from sst (NOAA-satellite) and ships drift data off southeast Brazil

The objective of this work is to study the possibility of estimating the heat flux balance at the sea surface from GOSSTCOMP (Global Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Computation) developed by NOAA/NESS, USA, and sea surface current data based from ships drift information obtained from Pilot Charts, published by the Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegação (DHN, Brazilian Navy). The annual mean value of the heat flux balance at the sea surface off southeast Brazil for 1977, is estimated from data on the balance between the heat transported by the currents and that transported by eddy diffusion for each volume defined as 2º x 2º (Lat. x Long.) square with a constant depth equivalent to an oceanic mixed layer, 100 m thick. Results show several oceanic areas where there are net flows of heat from atmosphere towards the sea surface. In front of Rio de Janeiro the heat flow was downward and up to 70 ly day-1 and is probably related to the upwellirug phenomenon normally occurring in that area. Another coastal area between Lat. 25ºS to 28ºS indicated an downward flow up to 50 ly day-1; and for an area south of Lat. 27ºS, Long. 040ºW - 048ºW an downward flow up to 200 ly day-1, where the transfer was probably due to the cold water of a nortward flux from the Falkland (Malvinas) Current. Results also show several oceanic areas where net flows of heat (of about -100 ly day-1) were toward the atmosphere. In the oceanic areas Lat. 19ºS - 23ºS and Lat. 24ºS - 30ºS, the flows were probably due to the warm water of a southward flux of the Brazil Current. The resulting fluxes from the warm waters of the Brazil Current when compared with those from warm waters of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio, indicate that the Gulf Stream carries about 3.3 times and the Kuroshio 1.7 times more heat than the Brazil Current. These values agree with those of data available on the heat fluxes of the above mentioned Currents calculated by different methods (Budyko, 1974)

Feasibility and Efficacy of Definitive Radiotherapy with 66 Gy and Concurrent Carboplatin-Paclitaxel Chemotherapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose/Objectives : This study was conducted to assess the feasibility and efficacy of definitive radiotherapy (RT) with a total dose of 66 Gy and concurrent carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy for patients (pts) with stage Ⅲ non-small celllung cancer. Materials/Methods : Between April 2007 and December 2013，99 pts with non-small cell lung cancer were treated using RT with concurrent carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy in our hospital. Sixty-eight of them received RT with a total dose of 66 Gy. We analyzed 46 Stage Ⅲ pts who had been treated with RT using three-dimensional radiotherapy treatment planning. The prophylactic mediastinal lymph nodes were included in the clinical target volume for RT. The survival rate after the start of RT was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We estimated the cumulative local failure and distant metastasis rates with the Fine-Gray method. Adverse events were evaluated according to the CTCAE (v.4.0). Results : The median age of the pts was 70.9 (52.8-78.7) years old (y.o.). The performance status (PS) of each pt was fairly good (ECOG PS 0: 25, PS 1: 20, PS 3:1), and their clinical stages (UICC 7th) were twenty-nine Ⅲ A and seventeen Ⅲ B. Diagnoses were pathologically confirmed in 32 pts. The median follow-up period was 35.7 (2.0-82.2) months among all pts, and 55.9 (40.1-82.2) months among survivors. The 3- and 5-year Kaplan-Meier overall survival rates were 52.2 and 34.0%，respectively, and the median survival time was 36.6 months. The 3- and 5-year Kaplan-Meier progression-free survival rates were 29.1 and 21.9%，respectively, and the median progression-free survival time was 9.9 months. The 5-year local failure rate was 37.6%, and the 5-year distant metastasis rate was 49.7%. Sixteen (34.8%) pts required steroid administration because of radiation pneumonitis (CTCAE Grade 2 or higher) and two of them died (Grade 5). No other severe non-hematologic toxicity (Grade 3 or higher) was observed. Conclusion : These results suggest that definitive RT with a total dose of 66 Gy and concurrent carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy is feasible and may be promising for pts with Stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer

Geostrophic transport in the Brazil current region north of 20°S

Geostrophic volume transports in the upper 500 m are computed from historical hydrographic data for the area off the Brazilian coast west of 30°W and between 7° and 20°S. On the basis of water mass distributions, potential density surfaces of σθ = 27.05 kg m−3 (360–670 m) and σθ = 27.6 kg m−3 (∼1200 m) are used for referencing the meridional and zonal components of the geostrophic shears, respectively. Near 15°S a northwestward flow of 8 Sv crosses 30°W. This current reaches the shelf near 10°S in February and March, the only two months for which observations are available near that latitude along the coast; of the 8 Sv, about 4 Sv continue towards the northwest into the North Brazil Current while another branch also carrying 4 Sv turns southward as the beginning of the Brazil Current. Between 10° and 20°S the Brazil Current does not appear to strengthen appreciably, but because of the likely existence of flow on the shelf these transport values represent lower limits to the actual ones. At 30°W, another westward flow of approximately 8–10 Sv enters the area near 10°S and serves to strengthen the North Brazil Current. The total transfer of 12 Sv or more from the South Equatorial Current into the North Brazil Current and later to other currents and the northern hemisphere may be an important factor contributing to the well-known weakness of the Brazil Current in its more northerly latitudes

Ab initio study of the X 2Π and A 2Σ+ states of OH. I. Potential curves and properties

This is the published version, also available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1681891Accurate ab initio CI potential curves and molecular properties are presented for the X 2Π and A 2Σ+ states of OH. Results with known experimental values in parentheses are Re (X 2Π) = 1.841(1.834) bohr, Re (A 2Σ+) = 1.906(1.913) bohr, De (X 2Π) = 4.43(4.63) eV, De (A 2Σ+) = 2.29(2.53) eV, μ(OH,X 2Π,ν=0) = 1.634(1.668) D, and μ(OD,A 2Σ+,ν=0) = 1.861(1.72±0.10) D. Spectroscopic constants calculated from the theoretical potential curves are in satisfactory agreement with experimental results. Other molecular properties studied include quadrupole moments and the electric field gradient at the nuclei