Higher-Order Abstraction of Process Compositions and Their Transformation

This paper presents a higher-order abstraction framework for process compositions which are common to highly-parallel systems and VLSI architectures. It is to aid reuse and formal design of such compositions. We construct the framework on functional programming, since it has a facility for process modeling and higher-order abstraction. Our achievements include a basis for inheritance and aggregation relationship in a collection of compositions, and analysis and design of transformation rules for deriving compositions

Bathymetric distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in deep lake Motosu, Fuji Five Lakes, Japan

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates was studied in deep Lake Motosu (oligotrophic lake), Japan. Bathymetrical sampling surveys were carried out using a standard Ekman grab at each of 16 stations in the lake on 8 March 2013. The average densities of the benthic community for all the stations were 2185 ind./m2, comprised principally of Tubifex tubifex (Muller) 23.4%, Asellus hilgendorfi Bovallius 4.9% and chironomids 65.8%. T. tubifex and chironomids inhabited the entire lake bottom, with higher densities in the shallower region (25 m>) than in the deeper region (ca. 120 m). On the other hand, the density of A. hilgendorfi increased with water depth and was highest in the deeper regions (>70 m). The densities of chironomid larvae were lower in the deeper region, with fewer chironomid larvae located in the center of the lake (637 ind./m2). The most abundant species, Micropsectra yunoprima Sasa, exhibited the widest distribution from 10.0 m to 121.0 m (mean density 926 ind./m2), followed by Procladius choreusi (Meigen) from 10 m to 74.1 m (mean density 365 ind./m2). The results of this study were compared to previous data by Kitagawa (1973) on chironomid larvae. The densities of these chironomid larvae increased throughout the whole lake in 2013. The water quality has not undergone a major change since the 1970’s. In this study, the number of M. yunoprima larvae has shown a tendency to increase, especially in shallower regions; where they are widely distributed, suggesting the continuation of favorable bottom condition for larvae since the 1970’s.ArticleEuropian Journal of Environmental Science. 5(1):35-40 (2015)journal articl

A long-term eutrophication process observed from the changes in the horizontal distribution of profundal oligochaete fauna in mesotrophic-eutrophic Lake Kawaguchi, Japan

The purpose of this study was to record the oligochaete fauna in Lake Kawaguchi and clarify their horizontal distribution. In addition, annual changes in the lake were recorded. Samples were collected between 5 March 1993 and 7 March 2006 by using a standard Ekman-Birge sampler at 22 stations, and multipoint sampling surveys were carried out. As a result of the study, a total of 8 species belonging to 6 genera and 3 subfamilies were identified. The average density of oligochaetes for the entire lake was 5247 +/- 3873 ind m(-2) and the average wet weight of oligochaetes was 25.5 +/- 23.4 g m(-2) in 1993, compared to 1075 +/- 676 ind m(-2) and 2.7 +/- 1.7 g m(-2), respectively, in 2006. Tubifex tubifex had inhabited the entire lake bottom in 1993, but Limnodrilus spp. inhabited only the center of the lake in 2006. In recent years, the total number of oligochaetes has shown a tendency to increase, compared with the past record from the 1970s, suggesting that eutrophication is an ongoing process.ArticleTURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY. 36(1):39-46 (2012)journal articl

Bathymetric distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in deep Lake Motosu, Fuji Five Lakes, Japan

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates was studied in deep Lake Motosu (oligotrophic lake), Japan. Bathymetrical sampling surveys were carried out using a standard Ekman grab at each of 16 stations in the lake on 8 March 2013. The average densities of the benthic community for all the stations were 2185 ind./m2, comprised principally of Tubifex tubifex (Muller) 23.4%, Asellus hilgendorfi Bovallius 4.9% and chironomids 65.8%. T. tubifex and chironomids inhabited the entire lake bottom, with higher densities in the shallower region (25 m>) than in the deeper region (ca. 120 m). On the other hand, the density of A. hilgendorfi increased with water depth and was highest in the deeper regions (>70 m). The densities of chironomid larvae were lower in the deeper region, with fewer chironomid larvae located in the center of the lake (637 ind./m2). The most abundant species, Micropsectra yunoprima Sasa, exhibited the widest distribution from 10.0 m to 121.0 m (mean density 926 ind./m2), followed by Procladius choreusi (Meigen) from 10 m to 74.1 m (mean density 365 ind./m2). The results of this study were compared to previous data by Kitagawa (1973) on chironomid larvae. The densities of these chironomid larvae increased throughout the whole lake in 2013. The water quality has not undergone a major change since the 1970’s. In this study, the number of M. yunoprima larvae has shown a tendency to increase, especially in shallower regions; where they are widely distributed, suggesting the continuation of favorable bottom condition for larvae since the 1970’s.ArticleEuropian Journal of Environmental Science. 5(1):35-40 (2015)journal articl

A Source Code Generation Support System Using Design Pattern Documents Based on SGML

Applying design patterns to the design of an application makes it robust against issues related to extensibility and maintainability. However, currently, a designer must apply structures and constraints of design patterns to an application by hand, therefore mistakes often occur. We have proposed a notation using SGML for describing design patterns and a support system for design patterns. We aim at providing a source code generation support system based on the notation and system. There has been much research into semi-automatic application generators using existing knowledge such as libraries based on algorithms and data structure, and classes packaged based on the object-oriented technology. When using design patterns for source code generation support, the same requirements for such semi-automatic application generators must be considered. The requirements are lessening codes to be written by users, and satisfying constraints without directing users\u27 attention to them. In this paper we consider the requirements and describe a design and implementation of the source code generation support system and resultsDecember 7-10, 1999, Takamatsu, Japa

PICO-LON Project for WIMPs search

Highly segmented inorganic crystal has been shown to have good performance for dark matter search. The energy resolution of ultra thin and large area NaI(Tl) scintillator has been developed. The estimated sensitivity for spin-dependent excitation of 127I was discussed. The recent status of low background measurement at Oto Cosmo Observatory is reportedComment: 3 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of TAUP200

Construction of 21st Century Archives for the Research Foundation of the Library and Information Professions and Education: Towards a Methodological Synthesis of Library and Information Science and Archival Science

We launched a project aimed to organize and create digital archives for library and information professions that will contribute to both research and education. The archive will comprise historical materials owned by the University of Tsukuba\u27s Graduate School of Library, Information and Media Studies, which shaped the history of the education of library and information professions for most of the 20th century.This project includes the formation of a comprehensive system for collecting and conserving materials and the implementation of a system for their utilization. The aims of this project are twofold: (1) to examine a methodological synthesis of library and information science and archival science and (2) to re-examine the history of the library and information professions and education.Major users of the archives are library and information science researchers specialized in library and information professions and the history of librarianship. This system will establish a multilingual interface for international researchers who are interested in comparing professional development models of education for librarianship. Museum materials will be used for educational content on the history of media technology.There are no precedents for a comprehensive archival system for the education of library and information professions that includes archival documents and museum documents. This archive thus has the potential to serve as an international model for knowledge-sharing on library and information science.Six subordinate cross-disciplinary studies are in progress under the project. They comprise (1) A detailed examination of the collection and oral histories investigation, (2) Information architecture for digital archives, (3) Historical research on library and information professions and education, using archival materials, (4) Modeling, implementation and evaluation of the archive, (5) Modeling of the exhibition space, and (6) Analysis of the research project (museums, libraries and archives collaboration). This poster presentation focuses on studies in progress on (2) Information Architecture for digital archives and (3) Historical research on library and information professions and education, using archival materials.The first study reconsidered “digital archives” to drive forward the project entitled “21st Century Archives for the Research Foundation of the Library and Information Professions and Education.” As a result, digital archives are defined as mapping of the original archives, holding to the principles of provenance, respect for the original order, preservation of the original forms of the archives, and permanent preservation. A real digital archive must be constructed based on an information architecture methodology.Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labeling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability. It involves analysis of information context and organization, labeling, navigation and retrieval using a consistent design philosophy. Information design prioritizes how information is presented on a website. Information architecture, on the other hand, is a website construction method that focuses on how to organize information elements. This study aims to achieve faithful mapping between the context of the original resources and electronic resources through the application of information architecture methodology to the establishment of digital archives.In the second study, we adopted the methodology of digital humanities as our analytical scheme to clarify the historical development, current conditions, and future vision of the library and information professions and education. The materials in our archive collections for historical research of librarianship are periodicals, annual reports, minutes of meetings, syllabuses, business diaries, photographs, audio materials, video materials and films. They include unpublished and handwritten materials. Whatever their form, these materials are an aggregation of the memory of the philosophy of an institution and records of past activities. Previous studies have not included these materials due to their uncatalogued nature and often poor state of preservation.We used two illustrative examples that utilize digital archive collections to demonstrate the progress of research. The first attempt was to trace the history of library and information professions focusing on changes in nominal designations of librarians/information professionals. The other was a consideration of the gender issue concerning female librarians, using digital images from the archive. These primary investigations have suggested the potential for reconstructing a discourse on the library and information professions and education.Japanese Association for Digital Humanities Conference 2014, at University of Tsukuba, September 19-21, 2014 (Poster session 2

Pathological Vascular Invasion and Tumor Differentiation Predict Cancer Recurrence in Stage ia Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Complete Surgical Resection

Introduction:The appropriate therapeutic strategy and postoperative management for patients with stage IA non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remain a matter of debate because of the prognostic heterogeneity of this population, including the risk of cancer recurrence. The objective of the current study was to identify the clinicopathological factors that affect overall prognosis and cancer recurrence of stage IA NSCLC.Methods:We reviewed the data of 532 patients in whom complete resection of stage IA NSCLC had been performed. Overall survival and recurrence-free proportion (RFP) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. RFP was estimated from the date of the primary tumor resection to the date of the first recurrence or last follow-up. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the independent prognostic factors.Results:On multivariate analyses, three variables were shown to be independently significant recurrence risk factors: histological differentiation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.925), blood-vessel invasion (HR = 1.712), and lymph-vessel invasion (HR = 1.751). On subgroup analyses combining these risk factors, the 5-year RFP was 91.3% for patients with no risk factors, 79.5% for those with either poorly differentiated carcinoma or vascular invasion, (p < 0.001 for both), and 62.9% for those with both poorly differentiated carcinoma and vascular invasion (p = 0.068).Conclusion:These results indicated that vascular invasion and tumor differentiation have a significant impact on the prediction of cancer recurrence in patients with stage IA NSCLC. Patients with these predictive factors of recurrence may be good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy

Prognostic Impact of Number of Resected and Involved Lymph Nodes at Complete Resection on Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundLymph node (LN) status is a major determinant of stage and survival in patients with lung cancer. In the 7th edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors, the number of involved LNs is included in the definition of pN factors in breast, stomach, esophageal, and colorectal cancer, and the pN status significantly correlates with prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the prognostic impact of the number of resected LNs (RLNs) and involved LNs in the context of other established clinical prognostic factors, in a series of 928 consecutive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent complete resection at our institution between 2000 and 2007.ResultsThe mean number of RLNs was 15. There was a significant difference in the total number of RLNs categorized between less than 10 and ≥10 (p = 0.0129). Although the incidence of LN involvement was statistically associated with poor prognosis, the largest statistically significant increase in overall survival was observed between 0 to 3 and ≥4 involved LNs (hazard ratio = 7.680; 95% confidence interval = 5.051–11.655, p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, we used the ratio between the number of involved LNs and RLNs. The number of RLNs was found to be a strong independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (hazard ratio = 6.803; 95% confidence interval = 4.137–11.186, p < 0.0001).ConclusionComplete resection including 10 or more LNs influenced survival at complete NSCLC resection. Four involved LNs seemed to be a benchmark for NSCLC prognosis. The number of involved LNs is a strong independent prognostic factor in NSCLC, and the results of this study may provide new information for determining the N category in the next tumor, node, metastasis classification