Physico-Chemical Treatment of Dairy Industry Wastewaters: A Review

Dairy industries have grown in most countries because of the demand in milk and milk products. This rise has led to the growth of dairy industries. The wastewaters discharged from this industry contain high concentrations of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and organic and inorganic contents, which can cause serious environmental problems if not properly treated. The conventional biological treatment methods are suitable for dairy wastewaters due to its high biodegradability. However, long chain fatty acids formed during the hydrolysis of lipids show the inhibitory action during anaerobic treatment. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) systems seem to be the most promising technology for the biological treatment of dairy wastewaters. Several research papers have been published on the application of aerobic and anaerobic treatment technologies for dairy industry wastewater, but both treatment methods still have some disadvantages. The most important challenge is to find cost-efficient and environmentally sustainable approaches to enable water reuse and waste management. Therefore, alternative treatment technologies against biological treatment methods such as coagulation, adsorption, membrane and electrolysis processes are under investigation. This chapter provides a critical review focusing on physicochemical treatment technologies of dairy wastewater

A New Approach for Membrane Process Concentrate Management: Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane Systems-A Short Communication

In most cases traditional and advanced treatment technologies transfers and concentrates the pollutants from one phase to other phase. However, nowadays, these concentrated flows containing heavy pollution are rapidly moving away from being manageable. In particular, membrane concentrate flows await immediate solutions to this issue. Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane (EDBM) Processes are becoming a serious and potential solution technique for similar concentrate streams. In this chapter, principles and potentials of EDBM processes for the recycling or recovery of membrane concentrates are discussed

Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)'nda curcuminin bazı antioksidan parametreler üzerine etkisi

Bu çalışmada; curcuminin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)'nda bazı antioksidan parametrelere etkisi incelendi. Curcuminin 10, 20 ve 40 mg/kg yem miktarları 21 gün süreyle balıklara verildi. Deneme sonunda balıklardan karaciğer, böbrek ve dalak örnekleri alındı. Bu dokularda malondialdehit (MDA) ve redükte glutatyon (GSH) düzeyi ile glutatyon peroksidaz (GSH-Px), glutatyon redüktaz (GR) ve glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) enzim aktiviteleri incelendi. Curcumin uygulanan balıklarda MDA düzeyinin düştüğü, GSH-Px, GR ve GST aktiviteleri ile GSH düzeyinin ise arttığı belirlendi (p<0.05).In this study, the effect of curcumin on some antioxidant parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. The amounts of 10, 20 and 40 mg curcumin for per kg diet were given to fish for 21 days. At the end of this period, liver, kidney and spleen samples were taken from the fish. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduce glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S transferase (GST) enzyme activities were investigated in these tissues. It was found that the MDA level decreased, while the GSH-Px, GR and GST enzyme activities and the GSH level increased in the fish applied curcumin (p<0.05)

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI, KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA, REWARD, PUNISHMENT DAN KEMAMPUAN SISTEM ADMINISTRASI TERHADAP ANGGARAN BERBASIS KINERJA (STUDI EMPIRIK PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN PATI)

Penerapan anggaran berbasis kinerja, merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dalam proses penyempurnaan manajemen keuangan (anggaran negara), yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pelayanan publik serta efektifitas dari pelaksanaan kebijakan dan program. Hal itu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan, perencanaan, penganggaran, dan pelaksanaannya. Variabel yang diduga mempengaruhi anggaran berbasis kinerja adalah gaya kepemimpinan, komitmen organisasi, kualitas sumber daya, reward, punishment dan kemampuan sistem administrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, komitmen organisasi, kualitas sumber daya, reward, punishment dan kemampuan sistem administrasi terhadap anggaran berbasis kinerja di Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh OPD pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah yaitu 30 OPD. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan adalah Purpose Sampling.Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, gaya kepemimpinan, komitmen organisasi, dan kemampuan sistem administrasi berpengaruh positif terhadap anggaran berbasis kinerja di Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati. Sedangkan kualitas sumber daya, reward, dan punishment tidak berpengaruhterhadap anggaran berbasis kinerja di Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati

Water Quality and Public Health Complaints in Surrounding Watoetoelis Sugar Mills

Industry as an integral part of the development of the country, more less having effect on the surrounding environment. Sugar factory as a part the industry also affects the quality of the surrounding environment through wastewater discharge at which water pollution control is required to achieve an ideal level of environmental health. PG Watoetoelis pollution control can be assessed from the water quality of its surrounding. This study aims to identify water quality and health complaints around PG Watoetoelis. This study is a descriptive observational study with cross sectional design. Primary data collection was conducted in July and August 2014, in the form of: interviews with questionnaires, environmental observation, inspection parameters of water samples of water bodies and wells in both upstream and downstream within 100 meters of the point of waste water discharge outlet Watoetoelis Sugar Factory. The results showed: the examination of water body samples found high levels of BOD5 in the amount of: 24.34 mg/L (upstream) and 24.15 mg/L (downstream), all wells water samples did not reveal any signs of physical and chemical pollution of water, respondents around PG Watoetoelis who with health complaints (9 of 17) experienced health complaints such as coughs of 7 people, and complained about the odor of the sugar factory pollution as many as 15 of 17 people. The conclusion of this study are bad water bodies quality, physical and chemical quality of the water samples of wells qualified, there are health complaints by respondents, but this can be due to other variables than physical and chemical parameters of the well water, such as; microbiology, hygiene and sanitation, or poor quality of the air in the environment, especially the residence location of the respondents

Depictions of Beloved from Mythology in Abdülhak Hâmit Tarhan’s Poems

Edebiyat metinlerinde sevgilinin tasvir edilişinde mitolojiden çağrılan kadın/dişil figürler, yazarın aktarmak istediği duygunun göstereni olarak kullanılır. Klasik edebiyatın sevgili tasvirleri ağırlıklı olarak Doğu mitolojilerinden esinlenen imajlarla kurulurken, Tanzimat sonrasında Yunan ve Latin mitolojik müktesebatı yenileşme dönemindeki edebiyatta daha görünür hale gelir. Bununla birlikte yenileşme döneminde bir süre daha klasik edebiyatın imajları yeni imajlarla bir arada kullanılır. Bu dönemde Yunan ve Latin mitolojisinden metinlere çağrılan kadınlar/dişiller yoluyla anlatılan sevgili daha müşahhas tasvirlerle metinlere yansır. Edebiyat metinlerine mitolojiden gelen kadın/dişil imajlarıyla sevgiliyi anlatan isimlerden birisi de Abdülhak Hâmit Tarhan’dır. Abdülhak Hâmit Tarhan, klasik edebiyatın söyleyiş biçimleriyle yeni mitolojik imajları bir arada kullanmasıyla da dikkat çeker. Bu makalede, klasik edebiyattan gelenler ile yeni mitolojik imajları eserlerinde kullanmak konusunda kendinden sonraki nesle öncülük eden şairin Yabancı Dostlar, Tarık Yahut Endülüs Fethi adlı piyeslerinde, “Garam”, “Mütesadif”, “Yine Bir Hatıra” adlı şiirlerinde sevgiliyi tasvir ederken kullandığı mitolojik kadın/dişil figürlerine yakından bakılmıştır. Şiirler, mit okuma yöntemlerinden eleştirel mit okuması içinde alımlanmıştır. Mit eleştirisi, metinler yoluyla modern edebiyata taşınan ataerkil mitolojinin dişil figürlere ilişkin anlam örüntülerini sorunsallaştırır. Sorunsallaştırılan anlam örüntülerinden birisi de dişilin olumlu ya da olumsuz biçimlerde tasvir edilmesidir. Metinler ya melek, peri, ilâhe gibi sıfatlarla ulaşılmaz soyut kadın ya da baştan çıkaran, yıkım getiren gibi olumsuz anlamlarla şeytan kadın imgeleri yaratır. Metnin bilinçdışını görünür kılan bu kullanımlarla ataerkil mitolojinin sürekliliği sağlanır. Makalede Türk şiirinin değişim ve dönüşüm süreçlerinde mitolojinin kaynaklık ettiği malzeme üzerinden kadınla ilişkili mitlerin metinlere nasıl yansıdığı ortaya konulmuştur.While depicting the lover in literary texts, female/female figures from mythology are summoned. The author conveys their own emotions this way. While depictions of beloved in classical literature were generally reflected with images inspired by Eastern mythologies, after Tanzimat, these images were used more from the Greek and Latin cultural accumulation. Nevertheless, the images of classical literature were still used together with the newer images for a while in the period of modernization.In this period, the “Beloved” which is told through the women/females summoned to the texts from Greek and Latin mythology, is reflected to texts with more concrete depictions. Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan is one of the names who had described the beloved in literary texts with the female/feminine images from mythology. Tarhan is also remarkable with his usage of new mythological images and the utterance of forms in classical literature together. This research, focused on the mythological female/female figures while describing the beloved in poems and plays named Yabancı Dostlar, Tarik Yahut Endülüs and “Garam”, “Mütesadif”, “Yine Bir Hatıra”, written by Tarhan who led the next generation in terms of using new mythologival images with the ones came from classical literature in their works. The poems were recepted within the myt reading method, which is one of the myth reading approaches. Critcal myth reading problematizes the semantic patterns of patriarchal mythology related to feminine figures, that were carried to modern literatüre through texts. One of the problematized semantic patterns is the description of feminine forms as positive (angel) or negative (devil/demon). The texts create images of either a heavenly and intangible woman labeled as angel, fairy, goddess or seductive, destructive with negative sense. The sustainability of the patriarchal mythology is ensured with these expressions that make the undersense visible. In this article, it is revealed how the myths related to women are reflected to the texts through the material that mythology became the source of in the change and transformation processses of Turkish poetry

PENGARUH EKSPEKTASI RETURN, PERSEPSI TERHADAP RISIKO, DAN SELF EFFICACY TERHADAP MINAT INVESTASI SAHAM MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengaruh Ekspektasi Return terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; (2) Pengaruh Persepsi terhadap Risiko terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; (3) Pengaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; (4) Pengaruh Ekspektasi Return, Persepsi terhadap Risiko dan Self Efficacy secara bersama-sama terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 2.111 mahasiswa aktif Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dengan sampel penelitian sejumlah 337 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Uji prasyarat analisis meliputi uji normalitas, uji linearitas, uji multikolinearitas, dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear sederhana dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh positif Ekspektasi Return terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa FE UNY yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,970 dan nilai signifikansi = 0,000; (2) Terdapat pengaruh negatif Persepsi terhadap Risiko terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa FE UNY yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar -0,561 dan nilai signifikansi = 0,000; (3) Terdapat pengaruh positif Self Efficacy terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa FE UNY yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,861 dan nilai signifikansi = 0,000; (4) Terdapat pengaruh Ekspektasi Return, Persepsi terhadap Risiko, dan Self Efficacy terhadap Minat Investasi Saham pada Mahasiswa FE UNY yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi