Bmp induces osteoblast differentiation through both Smad4 and mTORC1 signaling

The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) family of secreted molecules has been extensively studied in the context of osteoblast differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate the osteoblastogenic function of Bmp have not been fully elucidated. By profiling mRNA expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cell line ST2, we discover that BMP2 induces not only genes commonly associated with ossification and mineralization but also genes important for general protein synthesis. We define the two groups of genes as mineralization related versus protein anabolism signatures of osteoblasts. Although it induces the expression of several Wnt genes, BMP2 activates the osteogenic program largely independently of de novo Wnt secretion. Remarkably, although Smad4 is necessary for the activation of the mineralization-related genes, it is dispensable for BMP2 to induce the protein anabolism signature, which instead critically depends on the transcription factor Atf4. Upstream of Atf4, BMP2 activates mTORC1 to stimulate protein synthesis, resulting in an endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by Perk. Thus, Bmp signaling induces osteoblast differentiation through both Smad4- and mTORC1-dependent mechanisms

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Penerimaan Raskin Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Kota Uneng)

Program Beras Miskin atau Raskin merupakan salah satu program pemerintah untuk mengurangi beban pengeluaran dan perlindungan terhadap keluarga miskin melalui pendistribusian beras dengan jumlah dan harga tertentu. Dalam pendistribusian Raskin di kelurahan Kota Uneng sering kali ditemui kendala atau permasalahan karena masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya penentuan secara subyektif oleh pihak pemerintah kelurahan dan belum mengacu pada kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Pada penelitian ini dibangun sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan penduduk yang berhak menerima beras miskin dan penduduk yang benar-benar membutuhkan. Dalam penelitan penentuan penerimaan beras Raskin untuk keluarga tidak mampu menggunakan metode SAW (Simple Additive Weighting). SAW merupakan penjumlahan terbobot dari nilai kinerja pada setiap alternatif pada semua atribut dan membutuhkan proses normalisasi matriks keputusan (X) ke suatu skala yang dapat diperbandingkan dengan semua nilai alternatif yang ada sehingga dapat membantu pihak Kelurahan Kota Uneng dalam menentukan penduduk yang berhak menerima beras miskin dan penduduk yang benar-benar membutuhkan. Dengan demikian diharapkan penyaluran bantuan akan tepat sasaran. Hasil tersebut kemudian dapat ditampilkan berdasarkan nilai terbesar atau terkecil, sehingga memudahkan pengambil keputusan untuk memilih alternatif terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif

Reproduction Biology Eastern Little Tuna Euthynnus Affinis in the Sunda Strait

Eastern little tuna is small pelagic fish that has high economic value. Fishing effort of the eastern little tuna for the last eight years have also exceeded the optimum level. To ensure the sustainability of the pelagic fish resources, it is necessary to perform the management efforts. This study was to observe reproductive Biology of the eastern little tuna, as one of the necessary information in the management of fishery resources. Fish -samples were collected from the catch of local fishermen in April-August 2015. Based on T test (α = 0,05), the eastern little tuna males and females showed positive allometric growth patterns. Average size of the first time caught fish for the female (308,37 mm) and male (280,63 mm) was smaller than that observed in those first time maturity gonads (ranging 407-408 mm for female and 438-440 mm for male). The eastern little tuna spawn gradually or partially (partial spawner), and have high reproductive potential with fecundity ranged 17.814-560.792 eggs (average fecundity: 109.807) in fish of 285-630 mm body length. The gonad maturity level of the eastern Little Tuna is dominated by Gonad maturity level I and II,(immature). The value of gonad maturity for the female level is about 0,0769-0,6879 and the male is 0,1913-0,3000

Junior doctors' experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVES: To explore junior doctors' knowledge about and experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and to seek their recommendations for improved future training on this important topic about which they currently receive little education. DESIGN: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews analysed using the framework method. SETTING: Participants were recruited from three North Thames London hospitals within the UK. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two junior doctors undertaking the UK foundation two-year training programme (FY1/FY2). RESULTS: The junior doctors interviewed identified a significant gap in their training on the topic of MUS, particularly in relation to their awareness of the topic, the appropriate level of investigations, possible psychological comorbidities, the formulation of suitable explanations for patients' symptoms and longer term management strategies. Many junior doctors expressed feelings of anxiety, frustration and a self-perceived lack of competency in this area, and spoke of over-investigating patients or avoiding patient contact altogether due to the challenging nature of MUS and a difficulty in managing the accompanying uncertainty. They also identified the negative attitudes of some senior clinicians and potential role models towards patients with MUS as a factor contributing to their own attitudes and management choices. Most reported a need for more training during the foundation years, and recommended interactive case-based group discussions with a focus on providing meaningful explanations to patients for their symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need to improve postgraduate training about the topics of MUS and avoiding over-investigation, as current training does not equip junior doctors with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively and confidently manage patients in these areas. Training needs to focus on practical skill development to increase clinical knowledge in areas such as delivering suitable explanations, and to incorporate individual management strategies to help junior doctors tolerate the uncertainty associated with MUS

Korelasi Antara Bobot Badan Induk Dengan Litter Size, Bobot Lahir Dan Mortalitas Anak Kelinci New Zealand White

This study aims to determine the relationship between body weight of does with litter size, birth weight and mortality in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The research was conducted at the Central Breeding and Raising Non Ruminant Livestock unit Balekambang, Surakarta, Central Java. The material used in this study was 35 does that had sexual maturity and have given birth at least once aged maximum 3 years old. In addition, the study also used 7 bucks aged approximately 2 years. Data were analysed using simple linear regression analysis. The study found that the weight of the does had a very weak correlation value to litter size, birth weight and mortality of young rabbits

A short overview of barriers to decarbonization : A Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (PESTLE) perspective.

This paper offers a global oversight of the barriers facing decarbonization through a systemic literature review. The review uses the PESTLE Framework to identify barriers through a Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental lens based on literature relating to global governing bodies, existing industrial sectors, and individual nations. The results are collated and analyzed thematically. The review shows that political tensions commonly underlie other barriers such as technological and economic, which points to political barriers being the most significant. Two main themes are identified as being the root cause of many barriers: lack of constructive communication; and lack of systems planning

Developed high gain microstrip antenna like microphone structure for 5G application

We present a new development of microstrip antenna structure combining a simple circular structure with a ring antenna structure as the parasitic element to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth for 5G mobile application. The proposed antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip feeding line due to its advantages in performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using a single substrate with double layered copper (top and bottom) with the radiating patch on the top layer and full ground on the bottom layer of the same substrate. Three antennas have been designed namely; design1, design2 and design3 to complete the research works.The antennas ware simulated and optimized at 18 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with permittivity, r = 2.2 and thickness, h = 1.57mm on low-loss material Roger RT-Duroid 5880 substrate. The antennas ware reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations. The simulation and measurement results have shown that the antenna works well. The simulation results have shown that the three antennas works well at the selected frequency. The final simulated antenna for design1, design2 and design3 has been fabricated to measure the performance and also to validate the simulation result with the measurement result. The measurement data for antenna design1, design2 and design3 shows frequency shift of 3% from the simulation result. The final protype of design3 gives 6.6dB gain, -14.51dB return loss, 180MHz bandwidth, and antenna efficiency of 53.9%. All three antennas ware measured using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and Anechoic chamber