Intersection Numbers of Geodesic Arcs

For a compact surface $S$ with constant negative curvature $-\kappa$ (for some $\kappa>0$) and genus $g\geq2$, we show that the tails of the distribution of $i(\alpha,\beta)/l(\alpha)l(\beta)$ (where $i(\alpha,\beta)$ is the intersection number of the closed geodesics and $l(\cdot)$ denotes the geometric length) are estimated by a decreasing exponential function. As a consequence, we find the asymptotic normalized average of the intersection numbers of pairs of closed geodesics on $S$. In addition, we prove that the size of the sets of geodesics whose $T$-self-intersection number is not close to $\kappa T^2/(2\pi^2(g-1))$ is also estimated by a decreasing exponential function. And, as a corollary of the latter, we obtain a result of S. Lalley which states that most of the closed geodesics $\alpha$ on $S$ with $l(\alpha)\leq T$ have roughly $\kappa l(\alpha)^2/(2\pi^2(g-1))$ self-intersections, when $T$ is large

The constitutionality of the occupy movement

The Occupy movement has spread over hundreds of cities nationwide and over 1,500 cities around the world. The movement is formed around a common goal, which is to protest the way government actions or inactions have rooted widespread discontent. The Occupy movement has encountered opposition from the cities and counties where it is located. Arrests have been made for a number of violations of city and county codes including resistance to police orders and disorderly conduct charges. In our country, freedom of speech and the right to protest have been regarded as inalienable rights. The question becomes how to balance the rights of the people involved against the rights and obligations of the government. This thesis will provide an in depth look at the issues being discussed in cases and hearings involving the Occupy movement. The key issue plaintiffs argue is that their First Amendment rights are being infringed on. In January 2012, both international human rights and United States civil liberties experts at seven law school clinics across the country met and formed the Protest and Assembly Rights Project. The project investigated the United States response to Occupy Wall Street. This thesis will discuss and recap some of their findings. In addition, it will analyze the Federal Constitutional restrictions to protestor\u27s rights and the cases that arise on the grounds of these restrictions, as well as examine how the courts interpret the First Amendment and clarify these issues along with defining protestor\u27s constitutional rights. Based upon the Constitutional rights and legitimate restrictions, the thesis will make appropriate recommendations on the limits for both the protestors and the local government

Perancangan Prosedur Pengelolaan Masalah Layanan Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi di Laboratorium Komputer Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Surabaya

Di Perguruan Tinggi Swasta STMIK STIKOM Surabaya, Laboratorium Komputer (Labkom) menjadi salah satu bagian terpenting dalam menjamin kelangsungan proses praktikum yang memanfaatkan Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi (STI) untuk memberikan layanan kepada mahasiswa, dosen, dan karyawan. Masalah yang terjadi pada penerapan layanan STI selama ini tidak pernah dicatat, akibatnya mempengaruhi waktu penyelesaian penanganan, frekuensi Perulangan masalah serupa, hingga pengeluaran biaya penanganan. Hal ini menyebabkan turunnya tingkat kepuasan dan Kenyamanan pengguna layanan STI dan tingkat ketersediaan layanan STI itu sendiri.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan pengelolaan masalah layanan STI. Labkom telah memiliki kebijakan yang mengatur pengeloaan tersebut, namun kebijakan ini tidak berisi langkah atau cara bagaimana melakukan pengelolaan masalah layanan STI sehingga perlu dibuatkan prosedurnya. Pada penelitian ini dibuatkan prosedur sesuai kebijakan pengelolaan masalah layanan STI yang dimiliki Labkom serta panduan Problem Management yang ada pada Information Technology Infrastructur Library (ITIL) V3 – Service Operation yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan langkah-langkah dalam prosedur.Penelitian ini menghasilkan lima Standart Operation Procedure (SOP), enam instruksi kerja, dan 18 rekam kerja untuk mendeteksi masalah, mendiagnosa masalah, menangani masalah dan meninjau masalah

Polynomial embedding algorithms for controllers in a behavioral framework

In this correspondence, we will establish polynomial algorithms for computation of controllers in the behavioral approach to control, in particular for the computation of controllers that regularly implement a given desired behavior and for controllers that achieve pole placement and stabilization by behavioral full interconnection and partial interconnection. These synthesis problems were studied before in articles by Belur and Trentelman, Rocha and Wood, and Willems in the reference section. In the algorithms, we will apply ideas around the unimodular and stable embedding problems. The algorithms that are presented in this correspondence can be implemented by means of the Polynomial Toolbox of Matlab

Analisis Tekstual Persembahan Gundala-Gundala Sebagai Sebuah Drama Tari Topeng Masyarakat Karo

Gundala-gundala merupakan satu-satunya drama tari topeng Karo yang wujud sehingga kini. Kewujudan fizikal topeng gundala-gundala yang sangat menyeramkan dan saiz topengnya yang besar menjadikan persembahan gundala-gundala sebagai sesebuah persembahan yang unik. Ciri-ciri fizikal topeng gundala-gundala tersebut tidak dijumpai pada tradisi topeng kaum lainnya di Sumatera Utara. Persembahan gundala-gundala sering mendapat perhatian yang besar daripada penonton, baik penonton daripada kaum Karo mahupun kaum yang lain. Persembahan gundala-gundala membabitkan banyak elemen ekspresif

Intersection Numbers in a Hyperbolic Surface

For a compact surface $S$ with constant negative curvature $-\kappa$ (for some $\kappa>0$) and genus $\mathfrak g\geq2$, we show that the tails of the distribution of $i(\alpha,\beta)/l(\alpha)l(\beta)$ (where $i(\alpha,\beta)$ is the intersection number of the closed geodesics $\alpha$ and $\beta$ and $l(\cdot)$ denotes the geometric length) are estimated by a decreasing exponential function. As a consequence, we find the asymptotic normalized average of the intersection numbers of pairs of closed geodesics on $S$. In addition, we prove that the size of the sets of geodesics whose $T$-self-intersection number is not close to $\kappa T^2/(2\pi^2(\mathfrak g-1))$ is also estimated by a decreasing exponential function. And, as a corollary of the latter, we obtain a result of Lalley which states that most of the closed geodesics $\gamma$ on $S$ with $l(\gamma)\leq T$ have roughly $\kappa l(\gamma)^2/(2\pi^2(\mathfrak g-1))$ self-intersections, when $T$ is large

Deficiency of Capicua disrupts bile acid homeostasis

Capicua (CIC) has been implicated in pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and cancer in mammals; however, the in vivo physiological functions of CIC remain largely unknown. Here we show that Cic hypomorphic (Cic-L-/-) mice have impaired bile acid (BA) homeostasis associated with induction of proinflammatory cytokines. We discovered that several drug metabolism and BA transporter genes were down-regulated in Cic-L-/- liver, and that BA was increased in the liver and serum whereas bile was decreased within the gallbladder of Cic-L-/- mice. We also found that levels of proinflammatory cytokine genes were up-regulated in Cic-L-/- liver. Consistent with this finding, levels of hepatic transcriptional regulators, such as hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1 alpha), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta), forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha), were markedly decreased in Cic-L-/- mice. Moreover, induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf alpha) expression and decrease in the levels of FOXA2, C/EBP beta, and RXRa were found in Cic-L-/- liver before BA was accumulated, suggesting that inflammation might be the cause for the cholestasis in Cic-L-/- mice. Our findings indicate that CIC is a critical regulator of BA homeostasis, and that its dysfunction might be associated with chronic liver disease and metabolic disorders.open11810Ysciescopu