Cell Attachment Study on Chitosan-Aluminum Monostearate Composite Sponge Containing Seed Methanolic Extract of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl

ABSTRACT Cork tree (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) has been historically reported as medicinal plant and food in various countries of Asia. Phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and two flavonoids, luteolin and luteolin-7-Oglucoside, are the main active substances found in cork tree which serving an interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Previous study was reported about hepatoprotective effect of cork tree extract that was interesting to be use for hepatic disease prevention. Incorporation of the cork tree extract into biodegradable polymeric drug delivery system may help prolong its activity. Chitosan has many attractive properties for applying as biomaterials especially mucoadhesive property that appropriate for attachment of the cell. Adding some additives into chitosan-based materials could improve their physical properties. However, these additives may have effect on cell attachment on chitosan. In this study, chitosan-lactate (CL) sponges and chitosan-aluminum monostearate (CLAlst) composite sponge were prepared. Attachment ability of HepG2 cells (hepatic carcinoma cell) on the prepared sponges was investigated. Moreover, effect of amount of Sonneratia caseolaris seed methanolic extract (CSSO) on % cell attachment on the sponges was also evaluated. The results indicated that hydrophobic substance both Alst and CSSO caused reducing of % cell attachment on the chitosan sponge due to a reducing of positive charge of chitosan in the system

Solid Dispersion Matrix Tablet Comprising Indomethacin-PEG-HPMC Fabricated with Fusion and Mold Technique

The purpose of this study is to fabricate the polyethylene glycol matrix tablet by mold technique. Indomethacin and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose were used as model drug and polymer, respectively, in PEG matrix system. The physical and drug release characteristics of developed matrix tablet were studied. This inert carrier system comprising 7:3 polyethylene glycol 4000: polyethylene glycol 400 could effectively enhance the solubility of indomethacin and an addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose could sustain the drug release. Scanning electron microscope photomicrograph indicated the drug diffusion outward through the porous network of this developed matrix tablet into the dissolution fluid. Least square fitting the experimental dissolution data to the mathematical expressions (power law, first-order, Higuchi's and zero-order) indicated the drug release kinetics primarily as Fickian diffusion. Both the enhancement of drug dissolution and the prolongation of the drug release could be achieved for aqueous insoluble drug such as, indomethacin, by using polyethylene glycol-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose matrix system prepared with melting and mold technique

Characterization of Indomethacin Release from Polyethylene Glycol Tablet Fabricated With Mold Technique

The purpose of this study was to use polyethylene glycol as a carrier to improve the solubility of an aqueous insoluble drug by melting and molding method. The release of dissolved drug was designed to be subsequently sustained with an addition of xanthan gum. The release of indomethacin from the developed system into phosphate buffer pH 6.2 was conducted using the dissolution apparatus. This carrier system could effectively enhance the solubility of indomethacin and an addition of xanthan gum could sustain the drug release. Eudragit L100 film coating could protect the carrier not to be disturbed with HCl buffer pH 1.2 and could dissolve in phosphate buffer pH 6.2, therefore, the drug release from coated tablet was initially very low but subsequently gradually released and prolonged in phosphate buffer pH 6.2. Differential scanning calorimetry study indicated the amorphous state of drug in polyethylene glycol carrier. Scanning electron microscopy photomicrograph indicated the drug diffusion outward through the porous network of matrix tablets into the dissolution fluid and curve fitting signified that the drug release kinetic was Fickian diffusion

Assessing the economic and environmental impact of jasmine rice production: Life cycle assessment and Life Cycle Costs analysis

Climate change is a threat to food security that has compelled government around the globe to adopt concrete measures to explore sustainable farming practices. This study, therefore, is focused on assessing the environmental and economic impacts of activities linked to jasmine rice production. The study compares organic and conventional jasmine rice production to promote sustainable farming alternatives. Purposive and snowball sampling was chosen to identify the sample and forty-nine face-to-face interviews were conducted with local farmers engaged in the rice production in Thung Kula Rong Hai, a north-eastern region in Thailand. We applied the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to measure the environmental impact. In addition, Life Cycle Costs (LCC) was used to study jasmine rice production costs. The study found that even though the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions of organically cultivated areas was higher than the conventional cultivated areas, this was due to the higher absorption of organic matter in the soil. This is beneficial in the long run as our findings show that organic jasmine rice paddy resulted in higher yields. Therefore, economically organic rice production emerged as a better alternative than the conventional method when compared between yield, costs and profits of jasmine rice production. Our results also demonstrate how post-harvest management is an important hotspot in sustainable farming practices. Thus, our findings promote sustainable agriculture practices in Thailand that can help them to cope up with climate change issues (e.g. droughts) and ultimately contributing to the food security goals