When ChatGPT is gone: Creativity reverts and homogeneity persists

ChatGPT has been evidenced to enhance human performance in creative tasks. Yet, it is still unclear if this boosting effect sustains with and without ChatGPT. In a pre-registered seven-day lab experiment and a follow-up survey after 30 days of experiment completion, we examined the impacts of ChatGPT presence and absence on sustained creativity using a text dataset of 3302 creative ideas and 427 creative solutions from 61 college students. Participants in the treatment group used ChatGPT in creative tasks, while those in the control group completed the tasks by themselves. The findings show that although the boosting effect of ChatGPT was consistently observed over a five-day creative journey, human creative performance reverted to baseline when ChatGPT was down on the 7th and the 30th day. More critically, the use of ChatGPT in creative tasks resulted in increasingly homogenized contents, and this homogenization effect persisted even when ChatGPT was absence. These findings pose a challenge to the prevailing argument that ChatGPT can enhance human creativity. In fact, generative AI like ChatGPT lends to human with a temporary rise in creative performance but boxes human creative capability in the long run, highlighting the imperative for cautious generative AI integration in creative endeavors.Comment: 30pages,6figure

Nitrogen-enriched hierarchically porous carbon materials fabricated by graphene aerogel templated Schiff-base chemistry for high performance electrochemical capacitors

This article presents a facile and effective approach for synthesizing three-dimensional (3D) graphenecoupled Schiff-base hierarchically porous polymers (GS-HPPs). The method involves the polymerization of melamine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde, yielding Schiff-base porous polymers on the interconnected macroporous frameworks of 3D graphene aerogels. The as-synthesized GS-HPPs possess hierarchically porous structures containing macro-/meso-/micropores, along with large specific surface areas up to 776 m² g⁻¹ and high nitrogen contents up to 36.8 wt%. Consequently, 3D nitrogen-enriched hierarchically porous carbon (N-HPC) materials with macro-/meso-/micropores were obtained by the pyrolysis of the GS-HPPs at a high temperature of 800 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. With a hierarchically porous structure, good thermal stability and a high nitrogen-doping content up to 7.2 wt%, the N-HPC samples show a high specific capacitance of 335 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ in 6 M KOH, a good capacitance retention with increasing current density, and an outstanding cycling stability. The superior electrochemical performance means that the N-HPC materials have great potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors

The continuous pollution routing problem

In this paper, we presented an ε-accurate approach to conduct a continuous optimization on the pollution routing problem (PRP). First, we developed an ε-accurate inner polyhedral approximation method for the nonlinear relation between the travel time and travel speed. The approximation error was controlled within the limit of a given parameter ε, which could be as low as 0.01% in our experiments. Second, we developed two ε-accurate methods for the nonlinear fuel consumption rate (FCR) function of a fossil fuel-powered vehicle while ensuring the approximation error to be within the same parameter ε. Based on these linearization methods, we proposed an ε-accurate mathematical linear programming model for the continuous PRP (ε-CPRP for short), in which decision variables such as driving speeds, travel times, arrival/departure/waiting times, vehicle loads, and FCRs were all optimized concurrently on their continuous domains. A theoretical analysis is provided to confirm that the solutions of ε-CPRP are feasible and controlled within the predefined limit. The proposed ε-CPRP model is rigorously tested on well-known benchmark PRP instances in the literature, and has solved PRP instances optimally with up to 25 customers within reasonable CPU times. New optimal solutions of many PRP instances were reported for the first time in the experiments

New aneurysm formation after endovascular embolization of a vertebral epidural AV fistula: a rare sequelae of NF AV fistulae

BackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a dominant genetic disorder often accompanied by lesions of the neurovascular system. Patients with NF-1 are predisposed to unique vertebral artery fistula (AVF).Case descriptionWe report on a rare case of multiple neurovascular abnormalities in a 47-year-old man with neurofibromatosis. He was admitted due to a sudden headache and was found to have suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a left vertebral arteriovenous fistula. He underwent two endovascular procedures complicated by a delayed extraspinal mass 7 days after treatment. Angiography revealed a new vascular abnormality, and although we performed another embolization, it failed to respond to further embolization.ConclusionVascular abnormalities in patients with NF-1 can be complex. Endovascular intervention remains feasible for NF-1 related AVF, however, partial occlusion of the fistula should be avoided to limit and iatrogenic damage to the blood vessels

Nuclear phylogeny and insights into whole-genome duplications and reproductive development of Solanaceae plants

Solanaceae, the nightshade family, have ∼2700 species, including the important crops potato and tomato, ornamentals, and medicinal plants. Several sequenced Solanaceae genomes show evidence for whole-genome duplication (WGD), providing an excellent opportunity to investigate WGD and its impacts. Here, we generated 93 transcriptomes/genomes and combined them with 87 public datasets, for a total of 180 Solanaceae species representing all four subfamilies and 14 of 15 tribes. Nearly 1700 nuclear genes from these transcriptomic/genomic datasets were used to reconstruct a highly resolved Solanaceae phylogenetic tree with six major clades. The Solanaceae tree supports four previously recognized subfamilies (Goetzeioideae, Cestroideae, Nicotianoideae, and Solanoideae) and the designation of three other subfamilies (Schizanthoideae, Schwenckioideae, and Petunioideae), with the placement of several previously unassigned genera. We placed a Solanaceae-specific whole-genome triplication (WGT1) at ∼81 million years ago (mya), before the divergence of Schizanthoideae from other Solanaceae subfamilies at ∼73 mya. In addition, we detected two gene duplication bursts (GDBs) supporting proposed WGD events and four other GDBs. An investigation of the evolutionary histories of homologs of carpel and fruit developmental genes in 14 gene (sub)families revealed that 21 gene clades have retained gene duplicates. These were likely generated by the Solanaceae WGT1 and may have promoted fleshy fruit development. This study presents a well-resolved Solanaceae phylogeny and a new perspective on retained gene duplicates and carpel/fruit development, providing an improved understanding of Solanaceae evolution

Facile template-free synthesis of vertically aligned polypyrrole nanosheets on nickel foams for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

This paper reports a novel and remarkably facile approach towards vertically aligned nanosheets on three-dimensional (3D) Ni foams. Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) sheets were grown on Ni foam through the volatilization of the environmentally friendly solvent from an ethanol–water solution of pyrrole (Py), followed by the polymerization of the coated Py in ammonium persulfate (APS) solution. The PPy-decorated Ni foams and commercial activated carbon (AC) modified Ni foams were employed as the two electrodes for the assembly of flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. The sheet-like structure of PPy and the macroporous feature of the Ni foam, which render large electrode–electrolyte interfaces, resulted in good capacitive performance of the supercapacitors. Moreover, a high energy density of ca. 14 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 6.2 kW kg−1 were achieved for the all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors due to the wide cell voltage window

Optimal mathematical programming and variable neighborhood search for k-modes categorical data clustering

The conventional k-modes algorithm and its variants have been extensively used for categorical data clustering. However, these algorithms have some drawbacks, e.g., they can be trapped into local optima and sensitive to initial clusters/modes. Our numerical experiments even showed that the k-modes algorithm could not identify the optimal clustering results for some special datasets regardless the selection of the initial centers. In this paper, we developed an integer linear programming (ILP) approach for the k-modes clustering, which is independent to the initial solution and can obtain directly the optimal results for small-sized datasets. We also developed a heuristic algorithm that implements iterative partial optimization in the ILP approach based on a framework of variable neighborhood search, known as IPO-ILP-VNS, to search for near-optimal results of medium and large sized datasets with controlled computing time. Experiments on 38 datasets, including 27 synthesized small datasets and 11 known benchmark datasets from the UCI site were carried out to test the proposed ILP approach and the IPO-ILP-VNS algorithm. The experimental results outperformed the conventional and other existing enhanced k-modes algorithms in literature, updated 9 of the UCI benchmark datasets with new and improved results

A new efficient algorithm for multi-scale rough surfaces contact mechanics

Traditional multi-scale rough surfaces contact algorithms face both computation accuracy and efficiency problems. In this paper, we present a new efficient algorithm, Sliding Window based Gauss-Seidel Algorithm under BEM framework to solve the problems. We slide a window of small size on the contact region to reduce linear equation dimensions. After investigating the influence coefficient matrix, we find that the deformation is only influenced by the pressures around, so our algorithm will be very accurate. By taking the Persson Model results as the baseline to compare all kinds of numerical methods, our algorithm performs better than the conventional algorithms in both accuracy and efficiency

A new efficient algorithm for multi-scale rough surfaces contact mechanics

Traditional multi-scale rough surfaces contact algorithms face both computation accuracy and efficiency problems. In this paper, we present a new efficient algorithm, Sliding Window based Gauss-Seidel Algorithm under BEM framework to solve the problems. We slide a window of small size on the contact region to reduce linear equation dimensions. After investigating the influence coefficient matrix, we find that the deformation is only influenced by the pressures around, so our algorithm will be very accurate. By taking the Persson Model results as the baseline to compare all kinds of numerical methods, our algorithm performs better than the conventional algorithms in both accuracy and efficiency

A new efficient algorithm for multi-scale rough surfaces contact mechanics

Traditional multi-scale rough surfaces contact algorithms face both computation accuracy and efficiency problems. In this paper, we present a new efficient algorithm, Sliding Window based Gauss-Seidel Algorithm under BEM framework to solve the problems. We slide a window of small size on the contact region to reduce linear equation dimensions. After investigating the influence coefficient matrix, we find that the deformation is only influenced by the pressures around, so our algorithm will be very accurate. By taking the Persson Model results as the baseline to compare all kinds of numerical methods, our algorithm performs better than the conventional algorithms in both accuracy and efficiency