Prevalence, Distribution, and Host Range of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Turkey

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV, genus Morbillivirus), which causes a severe disease in sheep and goats, has only recently been officially declared to be present in Turkey. We carried out a study to determine the prevalence, distribution, and host range of PPRV in Turkey. A total of 1,607 animals, reared in 18 different locations, were monitored for the presence of antibodies to PPRV and the related virus of large ruminants, Rinderpest virus (RPV). Only two farms had animals that were free of antibody responses to either disease. Prevalence for PPRV infection varied (range 0.87%–82.6%) and was higher in sheep (29.2%) than in goats (20%). The overall antibody responses to PPRV and RPV were 22.4% and 6.28%, respectively. Two PPRVs of lineage 4, which comprises many other PPRVs whose origins are in the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia, were isolated from Turkish sheep

Determinants of health expenditure in OECD countries: A decision tree model

WOS: 000422798200038PubMed: 29492084Objective: This study aimed to identify the major variables in the estimation of health expenditure in OECD member countries with the decision tree method and to categorize the member countries by health expenditure. Methods: The study population comprised the 2014 data of the 35 OECD countries. In the study, health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product was the dependent variable while gross domestic product per capita, percentage of total population covered by public and private insurance, out-of-pocket health expenditure as percentage of total expenditure on health, age dependency ratio, life expectancy at birth, number of hospitals per million population, number of physicians per 1000 population/head counts, pharmaceutical sales and perceived health status were designated as independent variables. The decision tree model was constructed with the CART algorithm using the Orange data mining software package. Results: In the study, GDP per capita, life expectancy at birth, age dependency ratio, number of hospitals and percentage of the population with a bad perceived health status were identified as the major variables in the estimation of health expenditure. OECD countries were categorized in 6 groups according to the decision tree model. According to the CART algorithm used in the model, the classification accuracy rate and the precision of estimation were computed as 80.56% and 81.25%, respectively. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the most important determinant for estimating the share of GDP allocated to health expenditure was GDP per capita. Future studies should be conducted with the inclusion of different variables in the model

Elevation in optic nerve sheath diameter due to the pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg is associated to postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy

BACKGROUND: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement with ultrasound has emerged as a simple, noninvasive and reliable surrogate of invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. Increase in ICP might lead to postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative headache. Here, we aimed to evaluate the extent of change in ONSD., resulting from pneumoperitoneum (PP) and Trendelenburg (rp) position during the laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), by using ultrasonographic ONSD measurement. We also aimed to investigate the relation of ONSD with PONV and postoperative headache

Predictors of Perinatal Mortality Associated With Placental Abruption: A Single Center Experience With 200 subjects

Objective: Despite recent advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques, placental abruption (PA) remains one of the most significant causes of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality. The purpose of the present study is to summarize the current knowledge concerning PA and to present maternal and fetal outcomes of the patients admitted to our clinic who underwent cesarean delivery for PA

Low-pressure pulmonary recruitment maneuver: equal to or worse than moderate-pressure pulmonary recruitment maneuver in preventing postlaparoscopic shoulder pain? A randomized controlled trial of 72 patients

Introduction: The pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) has emerged as an effective way of reducing post-lapa-roscopic shoulder pain (PLSP). However, the optimal lower pressure level for a PRM to reduce PLSP has not yet been investigated

Choroidal Osteoma and Secondary Choroidal Neovascularization Treated with Ranibizumab

A 47-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of decreased vision in the right eye. Her visual acuity was 0.16 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed a slightly elevated, yellowish-white lesion with regular borders at the macula of the right eye. Early and late hyperfluorescence related with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was detected in the right eye on fundus fluorescein angiography. B-scan ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic choroidal lesion with acoustic shadowing. The lesion was diagnosed as choroidal osteoma. The patient received 3 injections of intravitreal ranibizumab. After 4 months, the visual acuity of the right eye was 0.9 and the CNV had regressed. Follow-up at about 7 months revealed reduced visual acuity in the right eye with an increase in subretinal fluid. An additional ranibizumab injection was administered. In this case report, we discuss the findings and treatment of a rare case of choroidal osteoma with secondary CNV

Spontaneous Regression of Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy in a Six-Year-Old Child

A 6-year-old boy with a complaint of blurred vision for two months was referred to our clinic. His visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed optic disc pit maculopathy in the right eye. The patient was followed for 6 months without any treatment. At the end of the 6-month period, the patient's visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The OCT imaging showed spontaneous regression of the optic disc pit maculopathy. In this case report, it is concluded that in children, spontaneous regression of the optic pit maculopathy with full recovery of visual acuity is possible. The development of optic pit maculopathy in childhood is rare and there are not enough studies on the treatment methods. Therefore, our case report may be helpful in the management of similar cases of pediatric optic disc maculopathy

Pleth Variability Index-Based Goal-Directed Fluid Management in Patients Undergoing Elective Gynecologic Surgery

Objectives: Data concerning the usefulness of pleth variability index (PVI)-based goal-directed fluid management (GDFM) in gynecologic surgery is limited

Frequency of pleural effusion in acute bronchiolitis and its effect on prognosis

AIM: To analyze the frequency of pleural effusion and the effect on prognosis in children with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A total of 69 infants aged 1-24 months with acute bronchiolitis were studied between September 2009 and December 2010. All patients'age, sex, breastfeeding duration, exposure to smoking, history of using vitamin D, symptoms duration, physical examination and laboratory findings were recorded. Bronchiolitis score and predisposing factors that influence the disease process were determined. Thorax ultrasonography was carried out in all patients, who were evaluated on the 3(rd )and 7(th )day of the treatment. RESULTS: Mean age of patients (43 boys, 26 girls) was 11.97 ± 0.69 months (median 11 months). Breastfeeding duration was 8.26 ± 0.56 months (median 8 months). According to bronchiolitis score, 52 patients (75.4%) had mild and moderate bronchiolitis and 17 (24.6%) had severe bronchiolitis; 34 patients (49.2%) had pleural effusion. There was no relation between pleural effusion and symptoms. Frequency of pleural effusion was significantly higher in patients with risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that most of the acute bronchiolitis cases in the infants studied were accompanied by pleural effusion. Pleural effusion in acute bronchiolitis had no effects on prognosis