P3 response during short-term memory retrieval revisited by a spatio-temporal analysis

The most reported event related potential (ERP) parameter during short-term memory retrieval has been P3 wave and the association has been built on the relation between P3 latency and reaction times. The aim of this study is to identify an ERP component that reflects the memory scanning process preceding the decision making stage which has been associated with the P3 peak. A spatiotemporal analysis was applied on the P3 and pre-P3 period of ERP responses obtained during the retrieval phase of the Sternberg paradigm with two memory load conditions (3 and 5 letters in the memory set). In the easy task condition with the fastest reaction times (positive probes of 3 letters condition), a single P3 was observed, whereas P3 was split into two peaks in responses to probe items of more demanding task conditions. The single P3 peak and the later components of the split P3 peaks displayed the typical P3 topography. On the other hand, the topographic mapping of the earlier peak of the split P3 wave and ascending part of the single P3 peak revealed a right parietal topography. The onset time of this earlier right lateralized topography was stable among all conditions but it persisted longer in the high memory load condition. We conclude that the right-lateralized positivity in the pre-P3 period reflects the memory scanning process followed by the P3 peak with midline parietal topography reflecting the decision making process. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

C-reactive Protein Level, Admission to Intensive Care Unit, and High American Society of Anesthesiologists Score Affect Early and Late Postoperative Mortality in Geriatric Patients with Hip Fracture.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate prognostic factors that affected the patients' early (<30 days) and late (six months, one year, and overall) postoperative mortality following hip fracture surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 515 patients older than 75 years old with surgically treated osteoporotic hip fracture. The demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, type of anesthesia, duration of hospital stay, and history of intensive care unit (ICU) stay were collected. An analysis of laboratory values was also performed to determine their relationship with mortality. The primary outcome was survival, determined as the time from the surgery to death or the end of the study. The patients were divided into four groups according to survival time: at the first month, six months, first year, and overall survival. An analysis of demographic and laboratory values was performed to determine their validity as prognostic factors for each group. RESULTS: Postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level showed an independent association with a poor survival at the first month. ASA classification, admission to the ICU, and preoperative CRP levels showed an independent association with a poor survival for the first six months. Preoperative CRP level showed an independent association with a poor survival for the first year. ASA classification, admission to the ICU, and the preoperative CRP levels showed an independent association with a poor overall survival. CONCLUSION: CRP level, a high ASA classification, and postoperative ICU admission were related to poorer overall survival rate following hip fracture surgery in the elderly

The outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation with Edwards SAPIEN or CoreValve devices: Single-center experience in Turkey

Background: This study aims to evaluate early- and midterm outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

PREFERENCE OF SOME WALNUT CULTIVARS BY PESTS

Ceviz yetiştiriciliği son yıllarda popülaritesi artan tarımsal üretim dalıdır. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de ceviz yetiştiriciliğinde profesyonelliğe geçiş başlamış, kurulan kapama bahçeler ile üretim miktarı ve kaliteyi artırma çabaları hızlanmıştır. Son dönemde ülkemizde tek parça halinde 1.000 dekarın üzerinde birçok bahçe kurulmuş, meyve vereceği gün beklenmekte ve her türlü bakım işlemi yapılmaktadır. Cevizde kaliteyi ve verimi artırmanın yanında, hastalık ve zararlılar açısından da çalışmalar yapılmalı ve ileride büyük sorunlara neden olabilecek etmenler önceden tespit edilmeli ve önlem alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmamızda, 2008 yılında farklı çeşitler (Chandler, Fernor, Kaman 1, Kaman 5, Yalova 1,Yavuz, Şebin, Bilecik) ile kurulmuş kapama ceviz bahçesindeki cevize zarar veren etmenler araştırılmış ve bu etmenlerin popülasyon takibi yapılmıştır. Ağaçlara zarar veren etmenlerin yaprak ve meyve üzerindeki zararları ayrı ayrı incelenerek tespit edilmiş, yaprak üzerinde, kırmızı örümcek (Tetranychus urticae), yaprak biti (Callaphis juglandis), armut kaplanı (Stephanitis pyri) meyve üzerinde ise elma iç kurdu (Cydia pomonella L.) ve kuş zararı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elma iç kurdu en çok Fernor ve Yavuz'u, Yaprak bitleri en çok Chandler'i, Armut kaplanı en fazla Yavuz'u tercih etmiştir. Kuşların ise kabuğu ince olan çeşitleri yani Chandler ve Kaman 1'i tercih ettiği belirlenmiştirPREFERENCE OF SOME WALNUT CULTIVARS BY PESTS Cultivation of walnut is a agricultural production branch that has become more popular recently. Similar to other countries in the world, cultivation of walnut has begin to pass through professionalism in our country and with close gardens, efforts of raising an amount of production and quality have been accelerated. In the last period, over 1.000 decare many gardens has been built up massively in our country. The period of harvest is expected and every overhaul is being done. As well as increasing of walnut quality and yield, studies in disease and pests should be done and factors that will lead to big problems should be determined before and should take precautions. In this study, in 2008, factors that damage walnuts in the close walnut garden which has been built up with different types (Chandler, Fernor, Kaman 1, Kaman 5, Yalova 1, Yavuz, Şebin, Bilecik) were investigated and population tracking of these factors was done. Factors that damage trees and harms on leaf and fruit have been determined by investigating respectively, it is determined that there are red spider (Tetranychus urticae), aphid (Callaphis junglandis), codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), less of bird on fruit. In the study results, codling moth preferred Fernor and Yavuz, aphids preferred Chandler, Stephanitis pyri preferred Yavuz mostly, birds preffer types that has slim crust like Chandler and Kaman

The Comparison Of The Influence Between Two Different Bowel Preparation Methods On Sepsis After Prostate Biopsies

Introduction Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostate needle biopsy has been performed to diagnose and stage prostate cancer for many years. There are many different bowel preparation protocols to diminish the infectious complications, but there is no standardized consensus among urologists. Therefore, we aimed to assess two different bowel preparation methods on the rate of infectious complications in patients who underwent TRUS–guided prostate biopsy. Material and methods A total of 387 cases of TRUS–guided prostate biopsy were included in this retrospective study. All patients received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin (500 mg) twice a day orally for 7 days starting on the day before the biopsy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the bowel preparation method used. Patients (Group 1, n = 164) only received self–administrated phosphate enema) on the morning of the prostate biopsy. Other patients (Group 2, n = 223) received sennasoid a–b laxatives the night before the prostate biopsy. Infectious complications were classified as sepsis, fever (greater than 38°C) without sepsis, and other clinical infections. Results Major complications developed in 14 cases (3.8%), including 3 cases (0.8%) of urinary retention, and 11 (3%) infectious complications, all of which were sepsis. There were 3 and 8 cases of urosepsis in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between both Groups regarding to the rates of urosepsis (p = 0.358). Conclusions Despite both methods of bowel preparation, sodium phosphate enema or sennasoid a–b calcium laxatives, before TRUS–guided prostate biopsy have similar effect on the rate of urosepsis, so both methods of bowel preparation can be safely used.PubMe

Hematologic and Clinical Parameters After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that platelet activation occurs in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). This study sought to evaluate the changes in hematologic and clinical parameters noted with the improvement in AS following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe AS at high risk of surgery